I-PDCA Cycle Ichazwe | Izinzuzo, Izibonelo, Namathiphu Ochwepheshe | 2024 Yembula

Emhlabeni wamabhizinisi aguquguqukayo, isihluthulelo sokuhlala phambili sigxile ekwenzeni intuthuko ngendlela ehlelekile. Faka umjikelezo we-PDCA - isiguquli semidlalo sezinhlangano ezilwela ukwenza kahle.

Kulokhu okuthunyelwe kwebhulogi, sizokuhambisa ngobulula nomthelela we-Plan-Do-Check-Act, izibonelo zomjikelezo we-PDCA ezimbonini ezihlukahlukene, futhi sinikeze ngamathiphu ezinhlangano ezifuna ukuthuthukisa ubuhlakani beqembu futhi zizulazule endleleni eya empumelelweni.

Okuqukethwe 

• Iyini i-PDCA Cycle?
• Izigaba Ezine Zomjikelezo we-PDCA
  • 1/ Uhlelo: Ukuchaza Indlela Eya Phambili
  • 2/ Yenza: Ukusebenzisa Uhlelo Ngokusebenza
  • 3/ Hlola: Ukuhlola Imiphumela
  • 4/ Umthetho: Ukulungisa kanye Nokumisa Ukuthuthukiswa Okuqhubekayo
• PDCA Cycle Izinzuzo
• Izibonelo Ze-PDCA Cycle
  • I-PDCA Cycle in Quality Management
  • Isibonelo se-PDCA Cycle Ekunakekelweni Kwezempilo
  • I-PDCA Cycle in Nursing
  • Isibonelo se-PDCA Cycle in Manufacturing
  • Isibonelo se-PDCA Cycle Embonini Yokudla
  • Isibonelo somjikelezo we-PDCA empilweni yomuntu
• Amathiphu angu-5 Asebenzayo Omthelela Omkhulu Womjikelezo we-PDCA
• Izitoreji Eziyinhloko
• Imibuzo Evame Ukubuzwa

Iyini i-PDCA Cycle?

Umjikelezo we-PDCA, owaziwa nangokuthi umjikelezo we-Deming Cycle noma umjikelezo we-Plan-Do-Check-Act, uyindlela eqondile nenamandla yokuthuthukisa okuqhubekayo. Kuyindlela ehlelekile eklanyelwe ukuthuthukisa izinqubo kanye nokuzuza imiphumela engcono ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. 

Ihlanganisa izigaba ezine eziphindaphindayo - Hlela, Yenza, Hlola, futhi Yenza - lo mjikelezo uhlinzeka ngohlaka oluhlelekile izinhlangano ezilusebenzisela ukuthuthukisa izinqubo, imikhiqizo, noma amasevisi. Isigaba ngasinye sidlala indima ebalulekile ekukhuthazeni isiko lokuthuthuka okuqhubekayo nokuzivumelanisa nezimo

Izigaba Ezine Zomjikelezo we-PDCA

Ake sihlukanise izigaba ezine zomjikelezo we-PDCA:

1/ Uhlelo: Ukuchaza Indlela Eya Phambili

Isigaba sokuqala somjikelezo Uhlelo, futhi inhloso yalo eyinhloko ukubeka inkambo ecacile yokwenza ngcono. Kulesi sigaba, izinhlangano zikhomba inkinga noma ithuba lokuthuthukisa futhi zisungule izinhloso ezilinganisekayo. Okugcizelelwa kakhulu ukuhlela ngokucophelela, ukuqinisekisa ukuthi izinhloso zihambisana nemigomo yenhlangano iyonke.

Phakathi nesigaba sokuhlela, amaqembu adinga:

• Hlaziya isimo samanje futhi uhlonze izizathu zaso.
• Yakha uhlelo olunemininingwane yokubhekana nezinkinga ezihlonziwe, okuhlanganisa izenzo ezithile, izinsiza ezidingekayo, kanye nomugqa wesikhathi wokuqaliswa.
• Umgomo oyinhloko ongaphansi kwesigaba soHlelo wukwakhiwa kokungaguquguquki kwenhloso ekuthuthukiseni.

2/ Yenza: Ukusebenzisa Uhlelo Ngokusebenza

Ngohlelo olucatshangelwe kahle esandleni, inhlangano idlulela esigabeni se-Do, lapho izinguquko ezihlongozwayo zenziwa khona. Lesi sigaba sivame ukubhekwa njengesilingo noma isigaba sokuhlola, futhi izinguquko zivame ukusetshenziswa ngezinga elincane noma endaweni elawulwayo. Inhloso wukubona ukuthi uhlelo lusebenza kanjani ezimeni zomhlaba wangempela.

Esigabeni se-Do, izinhlangano ziyakhuthazwa ukuthi

• Yamukela umcabango okhuthele futhi osungula izinto ezintsha, 
• Hlola futhi uzame ngemibono emisha. 
• Qapha ngokucophelela ukuqaliswa
• Bhala phansi noma yiziphi izinselele noma izinkinga ezingalindelekile ukuze uthole ukuhlaziya okwengeziwe.

3/ Hlola: Ukuhlola Imiphumela

Ngemuva kokuthi izinguquko seziqalisiwe, isigaba Sokuhlola siyaqala ukusebenza. 

• Lesi sigaba sibandakanya ukuhlola imiphumela kanye nokuyiqhathanisa nezinjongo ezibekwe esigabeni sokuhlela. 
• Ukuqoqwa kwedatha nokuhlaziywa kuyizingxenye ezibalulekile zesigaba Sokuhlola, okuhlinzeka ngemininingwane ekusebenzeni ngempumelelo kwezinguquko ezisetshenzisiwe.

4/ Umthetho: Ukulungisa kanye Nokumisa Ukuthuthukiswa Okuqhubekayo

Ngokusekelwe ekuhlolweni kwesigaba Sokuhlola, inhlangano iqhubekela esigabeni soMthetho. 

Lesi sigaba sibandakanya ukuthatha izinqumo kanye nokuthatha izinyathelo ezisekelwe ezifundweni ezitholwe ngesikhathi sokuhlola.

• Uma izinguquko ziphumelela, inhlangano isebenza ukuze ifane, iwafake emisebenzini evamile.
• Uma izinkinga zikhonjwa phakathi nesigaba Sokuhlola, uhlelo luzolungiswa futhi umjikelezo we-PDCA uzoqala kabusha. 

Isigaba soMthetho siyiluphu eqhubekayo, emele ukuzibophezela ekuzivumelaniseni nezimo kanye nokucwenga izinqubo ngokuqhubekayo.

PDCA Cycle Izinzuzo

Lo mjikelezo unikeza izinzuzo ezimbalwa, ugcizelela ukuthuthukiswa okuqhubekayo nokusebenza kahle. Nazi izinzuzo ezine eziyinhloko:

Ukuthuthukiswa Okuqhubekayo:

I-PDCA imayelana nokuba ngcono. Ngokuhamba ngebhayisikili njalo ezigabeni, izinhlangano zingaqhubeka zilungisa izinqubo, zihlonze izindawo okufanele zithuthukiswe, futhi zenze intuthuko ekhulayo. 

Ukwenziwa Kwezinqumo Okuqhutshwa Yidatha:

Ukuqinisekisa ukuthi izinqumo zisekelwe ebufakazini kanye nemiphumela yangempela, kubalulekile ukuqoqa nokuhlaziya idatha phakathi nesigaba ngasinye somjikelezo we-PDCA. 

Le ndlela eqhutshwa idatha iholela ekuthathweni kwezinqumo okunolwazi futhi yandisa amathuba okuba nezinguquko eziyimpumelelo. Ngokusebenzisa ubufakazi esikhundleni sokuqagela, izinhlangano zingenza izinqumo ezingcono.

Ukunciphisa Ubungozi kanye Nokuqaliswa Okulawulwayo:

Umjikelezo we-PDCA uvumela ukuhlola izinguquko esikalini esincane phakathi nesigaba sokuthi "Yenza". Lokhu kuqaliswa okulawulwayo kunciphisa ubungozi bokwehluleka okukhulu. 

Ngokuhlonza nokulungisa izinkinga kusenesikhathi, izinhlangano zingathuthukisa amasu azo ngaphambi kokuba zisetshenziswe ngokugcwele, zinciphise imithelela emibi engaba khona.

Ukuzibandakanya kanye Nokunika Amandla:

I-PDCA ikhuthaza ukusebenzisana nokuzibandakanya kuwo wonke amazinga enhlangano. 

Amalungu eqembu asebenza ndawonye ekuhleleni, ekwenzeni, ekubuyekezeni nasekulungiseni izigaba. Lo mzamo wokubambisana udala umuzwa wobunikazi nokuzibandakanya, okuholela ekuzibophezeleni okwabiwe ngenqubekelaphambili kanye nemvelo yeqembu elisekelayo.

Izibonelo Ze-PDCA Cycle

Nazi ezinye izibonelo zomjikelezo we-PDCA:

Umjikelezo we-PDCA ekuphathweni kwekhwalithi:

Ekulawulweni kwekhwalithi, lo mjikelezo uyithuluzi elibalulekile lokuqinisekisa ukuthuthuka okuqhubekayo. Nasi isifinyezo esifushane:

• Plan: Chaza izinjongo zekhwalithi futhi ukhombe izinqubo ezidinga ukuthuthukiswa.
• Ingabe: Yenza izinguquko ngendlela elawulwayo, ngokuvamile eqala ngephrojekthi yokulinga.
• Hlola: Linganisa imiphumela ngokumelene nezinjongo ezinqunywe kusengaphambili, usebenzisa idatha nempendulo.
• Umthetho: Hlela izinguquko eziyimpumelelo futhi uzihlanganise ohlelweni lokuphatha ikhwalithi jikelele.

Isibonelo somjikelezo we-PDCA Ekunakekelweni Kwezempilo:

Ekunakekelweni kwezempilo, lo mjikelezo ungathuthukisa ukunakekelwa kwesiguli nokusebenza kahle:

• Plan: Khomba izindawo okufanele zithuthukiswe, njengokunciphisa izikhathi zokulinda kwesiguli.
• Ingabe: Yenza izinguquko, njengokuthuthukisa ukuhlela i-aphoyintimenti.
• Hlola: Hlola umthelela ezikhathini zokulinda nokwaneliseka kwesiguli.
• Umthetho: Lungisa izinqubo zokuhlela ngokufanele futhi usebenzise ukuthuthukiswa kuso sonke isikhungo sezempilo.

I-PDCA Cycle in Nursing:

Ngezinqubo zobuhlengikazi, lo mjikelezo usiza ekucwengisiseni ukunakekelwa kwesiguli kanye nokugeleza komsebenzi:

• Hlela: Zibekele imigomo efana nokuthuthukisa ukuxhumana kwesiguli phakathi nezinguquko zeshifu.
• Ingabe: Yenza izinguquko, njengokwamukela iphrothokholi yokuxhumana esezingeni.
• Hlola: Linganisa ukusebenza ngempumelelo kokuxhumana kanye nokwaneliseka kwabahlengikazi.
• Umthetho: Linganisa izindlela zokuxhumana ezisebenzayo futhi uzihlanganise nezinqubo zobuhlengikazi.

Isibonelo somjikelezo we-PDCA Ekwenziweni:

Ekwenziweni, lo mjikelezo uqinisekisa ikhwalithi yomkhiqizo nokusebenza kahle kwenqubo:

• Hlela: Chaza amazinga ekhwalithi futhi ukhombe izindawo zokuthuthukisa ukukhiqiza.
• Ingabe: Yenza izinguquko, njengokulungisa izilungiselelo zomshini noma izinqubo zokuhlanganisa.
• Hlola: Hlola imikhiqizo futhi uhlaziye idatha yokukhiqiza ukuze uthole ukuthuthukiswa.
• Umthetho: Linganisa izinguquko eziyimpumelelo futhi uzihlanganise nezinqubo ezijwayelekile zokusebenza.

Isibonelo Somjikelezo We-PDCA Embonini Yokudla:

Embonini yokudla, umjikelezo usekela ukulawulwa kwekhwalithi nezinyathelo zokuphepha:

• Hlela: Zibekele imigomo yokuphepha kokudla, njengokunciphisa ingozi yokutheleleka.
• Ingabe: Yenza izinguquko, njengokushintsha izinqubo zokuthuthwa kwendle.
• Hlola: Gada amamethrikhi okuphepha kokudla futhi uhlole ukuthi ayahambisana yini.
• Umthetho: Linganisa izinqubo ezisebenzayo zokukhucululwa kwendle futhi uzihlanganise nezimiso zokuphepha kokudla.

Isibonelo somjikelezo we-PDCA empilweni yomuntu siqu:

Ngisho nasempilweni yomuntu siqu, umjikelezo ungasetshenziselwa ukuzithuthukisa ngokuqhubekayo:

• Hlela: Zibekele imigomo yomuntu siqu, njengokuthuthukisa amakhono okuphatha isikhathi.
• Ingabe: Yenza izinguquko, njengokwamukela indlela entsha yokuhlela.
• Hlola: Hlola umthelela ekukhiqizeni kwansuku zonke nokwaneliseka komuntu siqu.
• Umthetho: Lungisa ishejuli njengoba kudingeka futhi ulinganise izinqubo zokuphatha isikhathi ezisebenzayo.

Lo mjikelezo uyindlela yokwenza izinto ezihlukahlukene futhi esebenza emhlabeni wonke, evumelana nezimboni ezihlukahlukene nezimo zomuntu siqu, ekhuthaza indlela ehlelekile yokwenza ngcono okuqhubekayo.

Amathiphu angu-5 Asebenzayo Omthelela Omkhulu Womjikelezo we-PDCA 

• Zichaze Ngokucacile Izinjongo: Qala ngezinjongo ezichazwe kahle nezilinganisekayo. Cacisa ngokucacile lokho ohlose ukukuzuza phakathi nomjikelezo ngamunye.
• Bandakanya ababambiqhaza: Bandakanya ababambiqhaza abafanelekile esigabeni sokuhlela. Umbono wabo ubalulekile ekuhlonzeni izinkinga, ukubeka izinjongo, kanye nokuphakamisa izixazululo.
• Hlaziya Kabanzi Isimo Samanje: Ngaphambi kokuhlela, yenza ukuhlaziya okuphelele kwesimo samanje. Lokhu kusiza ekuboneni izimbangela kanye nokuqonda umongo womzamo wokuthuthukisa.
• Qala Okuncane nge-Do Phase: Phakathi nesigaba se-Do, sebenzisa izinguquko esikalini esincane noma endaweni elawulwayo. Lokhu kunciphisa ubungozi futhi kuvumela ukuhlolwa okulawulwayo.
• Qoqa Idatha Ehlobene: Qinisekisa ukuthi uqoqa idatha eyanele phakathi nesigaba Sokuhlola. Le datha ihlinzeka ngesisekelo sokuhlola ukusebenza kahle kwezinguquko nokwenza izinqumo ezinolwazi.
• Sebenzisa amathuluzi wokubonakalayo: Sebenzisa izinsiza ezibukwayo, ezifana namashadi agelezayo noma imidwebo, ukuze wenze imephu yomjikelezo we-PDCA. Lokhu kuthuthukisa ukuqonda nokuxhumana phakathi kwamalungu eqembu.

Izitoreji Eziyinhloko 

Umjikelezo we-PDCA umi njengekhampasi yezinhlangano kanye nabantu abazulazula ohambweni lokuthuthuka okuqhubekayo. Izigaba zayo ezine - Hlela, Yenza, Hlola, futhi Yenza - ihlinzeka ngohlaka olulula kodwa olunamandla lokuxazulula izinkinga nokuzuza ubuhle. 

Ezweni lanamuhla elisheshayo, ukuxhumana okusebenzayo nokusebenzisana kuyizici ezibalulekile zokuqaliswa ngempumelelo. Ithuluzi like I-AhaSlides ingathuthukisa imihlangano kanye nezikhathi zokubonisana. Ngokusebenzisa isikhombimsebenzisi esisebenziseka kalula nezici ezisebenzisanayo, i-AhaSlides isiza ukushintshana kwemibono, ukuhlaziya idatha, kanye nempendulo yesikhathi sangempela, okwenza umjikelezo we-PDCA ufinyeleleke nakakhulu futhi ube nomthelela.

Imibuzo Evame Ukubuzwa

Iyini i-PDCA Cycle Process?

Umjikelezo we-PDCA (Plan-Do-Check-Act) uyinqubo ehlelekile yokuthuthukisa okuqhubekayo. Kubandakanya ukuhlela, ukwenza izinguquko, ukuhlola imiphumela, nokwenza okusekelwe kuleyo miphumela ukuze kucwengwe futhi kuthuthukiswe izinqubo.

Uyini umjikelezo we-PDSA?

Umjikelezo we-PDSA, owaziwa nangokuthi umjikelezo we-Plan-Do-Study-Act, kanye nomjikelezo we-PDCA uyafana. Ezilungiselelweni zokunakekelwa kwezempilo, i-PDSA ne-PDCA zivame ukusetshenziswa ngokushintshana. Yomibili imijikelezo ilandela indlela enezinyathelo ezine zokuthuthukisa okuqhubekayo.

Siyini isifinyezo somjikelezo we-PDCA?

Umjikelezo we-PDCA uyindlela elula nephumelelayo yokuxazulula izinkinga kanye nokwenza ngcono okuqhubekayo. Iqukethe izigaba ezine: Hlela (bona futhi uhlele ukwenza ngcono), Yenza (sebenzisa uhlelo ngezinga elincane), Hlola (hlola imiphumela), kanye Nokwenza (linganisa izinguquko eziyimpumelelo bese uphinda umjikelezo).

Ref: I-ASQ | Amathuluzi Engqondo