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Isifanekiso Sokuhlaziya Imbangela 101 | Umhlahlandlela wesinyathelo ngesinyathelo | Kubuyekezwe ngo-2024

Kwethulwa

Jane Ng 13 Novemba, i-2023 8 min ifundwe

Thatha ithimba lakho ngeso lengqondo njengeqembu elizulazula emanzini amaphrojekthi namagoli. Kwenzakalani uma ufika endaweni embi? Faka Isifanekiso Sokuhlaziya Imbangela, ikhampasi yakho yenhlangano. Kulokhu okuthunyelwe kwebhulogi, sizodalula Ukuhlaziywa Kwembangela Yomsuka kanye nezimiso zayo ezibalulekile, indlela yokwenza i-RCA isinyathelo ngesinyathelo, kanye nezifanekiso ezihlukahlukene Zokuhlaziya Imbangela ukusiza uhambo lwakho.

Okuqukethwe 

Iyini I-Root Cause Analysis?

Isithombe: Umsebenzisi

I-Root Cause Analysis (RCA) inqubo ehlelekile esetshenziselwa ukuhlonza izimbangela zezinkinga noma izigameko ngaphakathi kwesistimu. Umgomo oyinhloko we-RCA uwukuthola ukuthi kungani inkinga ethile yenzeke futhi kubhekwane nezimbangela zayo kunokuba nje ukwelapha izimpawu. Le ndlela isiza ukuvimbela inkinga ukuthi iphinde ivele.

I-Root Cause Analysis isetshenziswa kabanzi ezimbonini ezihlukahlukene, ezihlanganisa ezokukhiqiza, ezokunakekelwa kwezempilo, ubuchwepheshe bolwazi, nokunye. Kuyindlela esebenzayo yokuxazulula izinkinga okuhloswe ngayo ukudala izixazululo zesikhathi eside kunokulungisa ngokushesha, okugqugquzela ukuthuthuka okuqhubekayo phakathi kwezinhlangano noma izinhlelo.

Izimiso Eziyinhloko Zokuhlaziya Imbangela

Nazi izimiso eziyinhloko eziyinhloko ze-RCA:

Gxila Enkingeni, Hhayi Abantu:

Esikhundleni sokusola abantu ngabanye, gxila ekuxazululeni inkinga. I-Root Cause Analysis (RCA) iyithuluzi lokuthola nokulungisa izinkinga, ukwenza isiqiniseko sokuthi azenzeki futhi, ngaphandle kokukhomba abantu abathile ngeminwe.

Gcina Izinto Zihlelekile:

Lapho wenza i-RCA, cabanga ngendlela ehlelekile. Landela inqubo yesinyathelo ngesinyathelo ukuze uthole zonke izizathu ezingenzeka zenkinga. Ukuhleleka kwenza i-RCA isebenze kangcono.

Sebenzisa amaqiniso kanye nobufakazi:

Yenza izinqumo ezisekelwe olwazini lwangempela. Qinisekisa ukuthi i-RCA yakho isebenzisa amaqiniso nobufakazi, hhayi ukuqagela noma imizwa.

Imibuzo Evulekile:

Dala isikhala lapho kulungile ukubuza imibono. Lapho wenza i-RCA, vuleleka emicabangweni nemibono emisha. Lokhu kusiza ukuhlola zonke izizathu ezingenzeka zenkinga.

Namathela Kuyo:

Qonda ukuthi i-RCA ingathatha isikhathi. Qhubeka uze uthole isizathu esiyinhloko senkinga. Ukubekezela kubalulekile ekutholeni izixazululo ezinhle nokuvimba inkinga ukuthi ingenzeki futhi.

Indlela Yokwenza Ukuhlaziywa Kwembangela Yomsuka

Isithombe: freepik

Ukwenza Ukuhlaziywa Kwemsuka Kubandakanya inqubo ehlelekile yokuhlonza izimbangela zenkinga noma udaba. Nansi inkomba yesinyathelo ngesinyathelo sendlela yokwenza i-RCA:

1/ Chaza Inkinga:

Yisho ngokucacile inkinga noma udaba oludinga uphenyo. Bhala isitatimende senkinga esifushane esihlanganisa imininingwane efana nezimpawu, umthelela ekusebenzeni, kanye nanoma yiluphi olunye ulwazi olubalulekile. Lesi sinyathelo sibeka isiteji sayo yonke inqubo ye-RCA.

2/ Hlanganisa Ithimba:

Yakha ithimba lezinhlaka eziningi elinabantu abathintekayo noma abanolwazi oluhlobene nenkinga. Ukwehlukahlukana kwemibono kungaholela ekuqondeni kabanzi udaba.

3/ Qoqa Idatha:

Qoqa ulwazi olufanele kanye nedatha. Lokhu kungase kuhlanganise ukubuyekeza amarekhodi, ukwenza izingxoxo, ukubheka izinqubo, kanye nokuqoqa noma yimiphi eminye imithombo yedatha efanelekile. Umgomo uwukuba nokuqonda okuphelele nokunembayo kwesimo.

4/ Sebenzisa Amathuluzi e-RCA:

Sebenzisa amathuluzi ahlukahlukene we-RCA nezindlela zokuhlonza izimbangela. Amathuluzi ajwayelekile afaka:

  • Umdwebo we-Fishbone (Ishikawa): Isethulo esibonakalayo esihlukanisa izimbangela zenkinga zibe amagatsha, njengabantu, izinqubo, okokusebenza, indawo ezungezile, nabaphathi.
  • 5 Izizathu: Buza ukuthi “kungani” ngokuphindaphindiwe ukuze ulandele ukulandelana kwezenzakalo futhi ufinyelele ezimbangela eziyinhloko. Kuze kube yilapho ufika kumsuka, qhubeka ubuza ukuthi "kungani".

5/ Thola Izimbangela Zomsuka:

Hlaziya idatha nolwazi oluqoqwe ukuze uthole umsuka noma umsuka wenkinga. 

  • Bheka ngale kwezimpawu ezikhona ukuze uqonde izindaba zesistimu ezibangela inkinga.
  • Qinisekisa ukuthi izimbangela ezikhonjiwe ziyasebenza futhi zisekelwa ubufakazi. Hlola nethimba futhi, uma kungenzeka, hlola ukuqagela ukuze uqinisekise ukunemba kokuhlaziya kwakho.
Isithombe: freepik

6/ Thuthukisa Izixazululo:

Xoxani ngemicabango futhi nihlole izenzo ezingaba khona zokulungisa nezivimbelayo. Gxila ezisombululweni ezibhekana nezimbangela ezihlonziwe. Cabangela ukuba nokwenzeka, ukusebenza kahle, kanye nemiphumela engahlosiwe engaba khona yesixazululo ngasinye.

7/ Dala Uhlelo Lokusebenza:

Yakha uhlelo lokusebenza oluningiliziwe oluchaza izinyathelo ezidingekayo ukuze kusetshenziswe izixazululo ezikhethiwe. Yabela izibopho, setha izikhathi, futhi usungule amamethrikhi okuqapha ukuqhubeka.

8/ Sebenzisa Izixazululo:

Faka izixazululo ezikhethiwe esenzweni. Yenza izinguquko kuzinqubo, izinqubo, noma ezinye izici ezihlonzwe ohlelweni lokusebenza.

9/ Qapha futhi Ulinganise:

Siqaphe ngokucophelela isimo ukuze uqinisekise ukuthi izixazululo ezisetshenzisiwe ziyasebenza. Sungula uhlelo lokuhlola okuqhubekayo kanye nempendulo. Uma kudingekile, yenza izinguquko kuzixazululo ngokusekelwe emiphumeleni yomhlaba wangempela.

Isifanekiso Sokuhlaziya Imbangela

Isithombe: freepik

Ngezansi kukhona izifanekiso ezenziwe lula ze-Root Cause Analysis ngamafomethi ahlukahlukene:

Isifanekiso Sokuhlaziya Imbangela ye-Excel:

Nasi umsuka wokuhlaziya isifanekiso se-excel

  • Incazelo yenkinga: Chaza kafushane inkinga noma inkinga.
  • Idethi nesikhathi Senzeka: Rekhoda ukuthi inkinga yenzeka nini.
  • Ukuqoqwa Kwemininingwane: Cacisa imithombo yedatha nezindlela ezisetshenzisiwe.
  • Imbangela: Faka ohlwini izimbangela ezihlonziwe.
  • Izixazululo: Bhala izixazululo ezihlongozwayo.
  • Uhlelo Lokuqalisa: Chaza izinyathelo zokuqalisa izixazululo.
  • Ukuqapha Nokuhlola: Chaza ukuthi izixazululo zizogadwa kanjani.

5 Whys Root Cause Analysis Template:

Nasi isifanekiso sokuhlaziya imbangela engu-5 yezimpande

Isitatimende Senkinga:

  • Yisho ngokucacile inkinga.

Kungani? (Ukuphindaphinda 1):

  • Buza ukuthi kungani inkinga yenzeka futhi uqaphele impendulo.

Kungani? (Ukuphindaphinda kwesibili):

  • Phinda inqubo, ubuze ukuthi kungani futhi.

Kungani? (Ukuphindaphinda kwesi-3):

  • Qhubeka uze ufinyelele imbangela.

Izixazululo:

  • Phakamisa izixazululo ngokusekelwe kumsuka ohlonziwe.

Isifanekiso Sokuhlaziya Imbangela Ye-Fishbone:

Nasi isifanekiso sokuhlaziya imbangela yethambo lezinhlanzi

Isitatimende Senkinga:

  • Bhala inkinga “ekhanda” lomdwebo wethambo lezinhlanzi.

Izigaba (isb., Abantu, Inqubo, Izisetshenziswa):

  • Lebula amagatsha ngezimbangela ezihlukahlukene ezingaba khona.

Izimbangela ezinemininingwane:

  • Hlukanisa isigaba ngasinye sibe yizimbangela ezithile.

Imbangela:

  • Thola izimbangela zembangela ngayinye enemininingwane.

Izixazululo:

  • Phakamisa izixazululo ezihlobene nomsuka ngamunye.

Ukuhlaziywa Kwemsuka Isibonelo Ekunakekelweni Kwezempilo:

Nasi isibonelo sokuhlaziya imbangela ekunakekelweni kwezempilo

  • Incazelo Yesigameko Sesiguli: Chaza kafushane isigameko sokunakekelwa kwezempilo.
  • Isikhathi esibekelwe imicimbi: Chaza ukuthi umcimbi ngamunye wenzeka nini.
  • Izici ezinomthelela: Faka ohlwini izici ezibe nomthelela kulesi sigameko.
  • Imbangela: Thola izimbangela eziyinhloko zesigameko.
  • Izenzo Zokulungisa: Phakamisa izenzo zokuvimbela ukuphindeka.
  • Ukulandelela Nokuqapha: Cacisa ukuthi izenzo zokulungisa zizogadwa kanjani.

Isifanekiso Sokuhlaziya Imbangela Eyisithupha ye-Sigma:

  • Chaza: Chaza ngokucacile inkinga noma ukuchezuka.
  • Linganisa: Qoqa idatha ukuze ulinganise inkinga.
  • Hlaziya: Sebenzisa amathuluzi afana ne-Fishbone noma i-5 Whys ukukhomba izimbangela.
  • Thuthukisa: Thuthukisa futhi usebenzise izixazululo.
  • Lawula: Sungula izilawuli zokuqapha nokugcina ukuthuthukiswa.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, nanka amanye amawebhusayithi lapho ungathola khona izifanekiso zokuhlaziya imbangela eyisisekelo ukukusiza ngenqubo yakho ye-RCA: SmartSheet, Chofoza u-Chofoza, Futhi SafetyCulture.

Imicabango Final

Isifanekiso Sokuhlaziya Imbangela siyikhampasi yakho yokuxazulula izinkinga ngempumelelo. Ngokulandela umhlahlandlela wesinyathelo ngesinyathelo ovezwe lapha, ithimba lakho lingazulazula izinselele ngokunemba futhi liqinisekise izixazululo zesikhathi eside. Ukuze uthuthukise imihlangano yakho namaseshini okuxoxisana ngokuqhubekayo, ungakhohlwa ukusebenzisa I-AhaSlides - ithuluzi eliklanyelwe ukuphakamisa ukusebenzisana nokwenza lula ukuxhumana.

Imibuzo Evame Ukubuzwa

Ubhala kanjani ukuhlaziywa kwembangela?

Chaza inkinga ngokucacile, Qoqa idatha efanele, Thola izimbangela, Thuthukisa izixazululo ezibhekana nezimbangela, futhi Usebenzise futhi uqaphe ukusebenza kwezixazululo.

Yiziphi izinyathelo ezi-5 zokuhlaziya imbangela eyisisekelo?

Chaza inkinga, Qoqa idatha, Thola izimbangela, Thuthukisa izixazululo bese Usebenzisa futhi uqaphe izixazululo.

Ngisidala kanjani isifanekiso sokuhlaziya imbangela eyinhloko?

Chaza izigaba zencazelo yenkinga, ukuqoqwa kwedatha, ukuhlonza imbangela eyinhloko, ukuthuthukiswa kwesixazululo, nokusebenzisa.

Ref: Asana | SmartSheet