Kwilizwe lamashishini aguqukayo, isitshixo sokuhlala phambili sigxile ekwenzeni uphuculo olucwangcisiweyo. Ngena kumjikelo wePDCA - umtshintshi-mdlalo wemibutho elwela ukugqwesa.
Kule blog post, siza kukuhamba ngokulula kunye neempembelelo ze-Plan-Do-Check-Act, imizekelo yomjikelo wePDCA kumashishini ahlukeneyo, kwaye unike iingcebiso kwimibutho ejonge ukukhulisa ubuchule beqela kunye nokuhamba kwindlela eya empumelelweni.
Isiqulatho
- Yintoni i-PDCA Cycle?
- Izigaba ezine zoMjikelo wePDCA
- PDCA Cycle Benefits
- Imizekelo ye-PDCA Cycle
- Iingcebiso ezi-5 eziSebenzayo zoMjikelo oPhezulu wePDCA
- IItrakthi ezibalulekileyo
- FAQs
Yintoni i-PDCA Cycle?
Umjikelo we-PDCA, owaziwa ngokuba yi-Deming Cycle okanye i-Plan-Do-Check-Act cycle, yindlela ecacileyo nenamandla yokuphucula okuqhubekayo. Yindlela ecwangcisiweyo eyilelwe ukomeleza iinkqubo kunye nokuzuza iziphumo ezingcono ekuhambeni kwexesha.
Ukuquka izigaba ezine eziphindaphindwayo - Cwangcisa, Yenza, Khangela, kwaye Uthathe inyathelo - lo mjikelo ubonelela ngesakhelo esicwangcisiweyo esisetyenziswa yimibutho ukukhuthaza iinkqubo, iimveliso, okanye iinkonzo. Isigaba ngasinye sidlala indima ebalulekileyo ekukhuthazeni inkcubeko yokuphucula okuqhubekayo kunye nokuziqhelanisa
Izigaba ezine zoMjikelo wePDCA
Masicazulule izigaba ezine zomjikelo wePDCA:
I-1/ Isicwangciso: Ukuchaza iNdlela ePhambili
Isigaba sokuqala somjikelo siSicwangciso, kwaye injongo yaso ephambili kukuseka indlela ecacileyo yokuphucula. Kweli nqanaba, imibutho ichonga ingxaki okanye ithuba lokuphucula kwaye iseke iinjongo ezinokulinganiswa. Ugxininiso kukucwangcisa ngononophelo, ukuqinisekisa ukuba iinjongo zihambelana neenjongo zombutho zizonke.
Ngexesha lesigaba sokucwangcisa, amaqela kufuneka:
- Hlalutya imeko yangoku uze uchonge izizathu ezibangela oko.
- Phuhlisa isicwangciso esineenkcukacha zokujongana nemiba echongiweyo, kubandakanywa izenzo ezithile, izixhobo ezifunekayo, kunye nexesha lokuphumeza.
- Umthetho-siseko ongundoqo osekelwe kwisigaba seSicwangciso kukuyilwa kozinzo lwenjongo yokuphucula.
2/ Yenza: Ukuzalisekisa iSicwangciso esiSebenzayo
Ngesicwangciso esicatshangelwe kakuhle esandleni, umbutho uhambela kwisigaba se-Do, apho utshintsho olucetywayo lusebenza. Eli nqanaba lihlala lithathwa njengolingo okanye isigaba sovavanyo, kwaye utshintsho luqhele ukuphunyezwa kwinqanaba elincinci okanye kwindawo elawulwayo. Injongo kukuqwalasela indlela isicwangciso esisebenza ngayo kwiimeko zehlabathi lokwenyani.
Kwinqanaba le-Do, imibutho iyakhuthazwa ukuba
- Yamkela ingqondo esebenzayo kunye nentsha,
- Vavanya kwaye ulinge ngeembono ezintsha.
- Kubekwe iliso elibukhali ukuphunyezwa
- Bhala nayiphi na imingeni okanye imiba engalindelekanga ukuze uhlalutywe ngakumbi.
3/ Khangela: Ukuvavanya iziphumo
Emva kokuba utshintsho luphunyeziwe, isigaba sokuHlola siyangena.
- Eli nqanaba libandakanya ukuvavanya iziphumo kunye nokuthelekisa kunye neenjongo ezibekwe kwisigaba socwangciso.
- Ukuqokelelwa kwedatha kunye nokuhlalutya zizinto ezibalulekileyo zesigaba sokuHlola, esinika ulwazi malunga nokusebenza kweenguqu eziphunyeziweyo.
4/ Umthetho: Ukulungelelaniswa kunye nokuMisela uMgangatho woPhuculo oluQhubekayo
Ngokusekelwe kuvavanyo kwisigaba sokuHlola, umbutho uqhubela phambili kwisigaba soMthetho.
Eli nqanaba libandakanya ukwenza izigqibo kunye nokuthatha amanyathelo asekelwe kwizifundo ezifunyenwe ngexesha lovavanyo.
- Ukuba olu tshintsho luba yimpumelelo, intlangano isebenzela ukubenza bafane, babandakanyeke kwimisebenzi eyenziwa rhoqo.
- Ukuba imiba ichongiwe ngexesha lesigaba sokuHlola, isicwangciso siya kulungelelaniswa kwaye umjikelo wePDCA uya kuqalisa kwakhona.
Isigaba soMthetho sisicwangciso esiqhubekayo, esimele ukuzibophelela ekuziqhelaniseni nasekucokiseni iinkqubo rhoqo.
PDCA Cycle Benefits
Lo mjikelo ubonelela ngeenzuzo ezininzi, ugxininisa ukuphuculwa okuqhubekayo kunye nokusebenza kakuhle. Nazi iingenelo ezine eziphambili:
Uphuculo oluqhubekayo:
I-PDCA imalunga nokuba ngcono. Ngokuhamba ngebhayisikile rhoqo kwizigaba, imibutho ingaqhubeka icokisa iinkqubo, ichonge iindawo ezifuna ukuphuculwa, kwaye yenze inkqubela phambili eyongezelelweyo.
Ukwenza iziGqibo eziqhutywa yiDatha:
Ukuqinisekisa ukuba izigqibo zisekelwe kubungqina kunye neziphumo zangempela, kubalulekile ukuqokelela kunye nokuhlalutya idatha ngexesha lesigaba ngasinye somjikelezo wePDCA.
Le ndlela yokusetyenziswa kwedatha ikhokelela ekuthathweni kwezigqibo ezinolwazi kwaye yandisa amathuba okuba notshintsho oluyimpumelelo. Ngokusebenzisa ubungqina endaweni yokucingela, imibutho inokwenza ukhetho olungcono.
UkuNcitshiswa koMngcipheko kunye nokuPhunyezwa okuLawulwayo:
Umjikelo wePDCA uvumela ukuvavanya utshintsho kwisikali esincinci ngexesha lesigaba "Do". Oku kuphunyezwa kulawulwayo kunciphisa umngcipheko wokusilela okukhulu.
Ngokuchonga kunye nokulungisa imiba kwangethuba, imibutho inokuphucula izicwangciso zayo phambi kokuba iphunyezwe ngokupheleleyo, icuthe iimpembelelo ezingalunganga ezinokubakho.
Uthethathethwano kunye nokuXhobisa:
I-PDCA ikhuthaza intsebenziswano kunye nokubandakanyeka kuwo onke amanqanaba ombutho.
Amalungu eqela asebenza kunye ekucwangciseni, ekuphumezeni, ekuphononongeni nasekulungiseni izigaba. Lo mzamo wentsebenziswano udala ingqiqo yobunini kunye nokuzibandakanya, okukhokelela ekuzinikeleni okwabelwanayo kwinkqubela phambili kunye nokusingqongileyo kweqela elixhasayo.
Imizekelo ye-PDCA Cycle
Nantsi eminye imizekelo yoMjikelo wePDCA:
Umjikelo wePDCA kuLawulo loMgangatho:
Kulawulo lomgangatho, lo mjikelo sisixhobo esisisiseko sokuqinisekisa uphuculo oluqhubekayo. Nalu ushwankathelo olufutshane:
- iplani: Chaza iinjongo ezisemgangathweni kwaye uchonge iinkqubo ezifuna ukuphuculwa.
- yenza: Yenza utshintsho ngendlela elawulwayo, ngokufuthi uqala ngeprojekthi yokulinga.
- Hlola: Vavanya iziphumo ngokuchasene neenjongo ezimiselwe kwangaphambili, usebenzisa idatha kunye nengxelo.
- UMthetho: Ukulungelelanisa utshintsho oluyimpumelelo kwaye ludibanise kwinkqubo yokulawula umgangatho jikelele.
Umzekelo woMjikelo wePDCA kukhathalelo lwempilo:
Kukhathalelo lwempilo, lo mjikelo unokuphucula ukhathalelo lwesigulane kunye nokusebenza kakuhle:
- iplani: Chonga iindawo ekufuneka ziphuculwe, ezifana nokunciphisa amaxesha okulinda isigulana.
- yenza: Yenza utshintsho, olufana nokwenza ishedyuli yokuqeshwa.
- Hlola: Vavanya impembelelo kumaxesha okulinda kunye nokwaneliseka kwesigulane.
- UMthetho: Lungisa iinkqubo zokucwangcisa ngokufanelekileyo kwaye usebenzise uphuculo kulo lonke iziko lezempilo.
Umjikelo wePDCA kuMongikazi:
Kwiinkqubo zokonga, lo mjikelo unceda ekucoceni ukhathalelo lwesigulana kunye nokuhamba komsebenzi:
- Cwangciso: Beka iinjongo ezifana nokuphucula unxibelelwano lwesigulane ngexesha lokutshintsha utshintsho.
- yenza: Yenza utshintsho, olufana nokwamkela iprothokholi yonxibelelwano esemgangathweni.
- Hlola: Vavanya unxibelelwano olusebenzayo kunye nokwaneliseka koongikazi.
- UMthetho: Ukulungelelanisa iindlela zonxibelelwano ezisebenzayo kwaye uzidibanise kwiinkqubo zokonga.
Umzekelo woMjikelo wePDCA kwiMveliso:
Kwimveliso, lo mjikelo uqinisekisa umgangatho wemveliso kunye nokusebenza kakuhle:
- Cwangciso: Chaza imigangatho yomgangatho kwaye uchonge iindawo zokuphucula imveliso.
- yenza: Yenza utshintsho, njengokulungelelanisa useto lomatshini okanye iinkqubo zokuhlanganisana.
- Hlola: Hlola iimveliso kwaye uhlalutye idatha yemveliso yokuphucula.
- UMthetho: Ukulungelelanisa utshintsho oluyimpumelelo kwaye lubandakanye kwiinkqubo eziqhelekileyo zokusebenza.
Umzekelo woMjikelo wePDCA kuShishino lokuTya:
Kwishishini lokutya, umjikelo uxhasa ulawulo lomgangatho kunye namanyathelo okhuseleko:
- Cwangciso: Zibekele iinjongo zokhuseleko lokutya, njengokunciphisa umngcipheko wosulelo.
- yenza: Yenza utshintsho, njengokuguqula iinkqubo zococeko.
- Hlola: Ukubeka iliso kwiimetriki zokhuseleko lokutya kwaye uhlole ukuthotyelwa.
- UMthetho: Ukulungelelanisa iindlela ezisebenzayo zogutyulo kwaye uzidibanise kwiiprothokholi zokhuseleko lokutya.
Umzekelo woMjikelo wePDCA kuBomi boBuqu:
Nakubomi bomntu, umjikelo ungasetyenziselwa ukuziphucula okuqhubekayo:
- Cwangciso: Zibekele iinjongo zobuqu, njengokuphucula izakhono zokulawula ixesha.
- yenza: Yenza utshintsho, olufana nokwamkela indlela entsha yokucwangcisa.
- Hlola: Vavanya impembelelo kwimveliso yemihla ngemihla kunye nokwaneliseka komntu.
- UMthetho: Lungisa ishedyuli njengoko kufuneka kwaye ulungelelanise iindlela zokulawula ixesha elisebenzayo.
Lo mjikelo uyindlela eguquguqukayo nesetyenziswayo jikelele, ekwaziyo ukulungelelanisa amashishini ahlukeneyo kunye neemeko zomntu, ukukhuthaza indlela ecwangcisiweyo yokuphucula okuqhubekayo.
Iingcebiso ezi-5 eziSebenzayo zoMjikelo oPhezulu wePDCA
- Chaza ngokucacileyo iiNjongo: Qala ngeenjongo ezichazwe kakuhle nezinokumetwa. Cacisa ngokucacileyo ukuba ufuna ukufezekisa ntoni kumjikelo ngamnye.
- Bandakanya abachaphazelekayo: Ukubandakanya abachaphazelekayo abafanelekileyo kwisigaba socwangciso. Igalelo labo libalulekile ekuchongeni iingxaki, ukubeka iinjongo, kunye nokuphakamisa izisombululo.
- Hlalutya ngokucokisekileyo imo yangoku: Ngaphambi kokucwangcisa, yenza uhlalutyo olubanzi lwemeko yangoku. Oku kunceda ekuchongeni oonobangela kunye nokuqonda umxholo womzamo wokuphucula.
- Qala kancinane ngeSigaba sokuSebenza: Ngexesha le-Do phase, sebenzisa utshintsho kwinqanaba elincinci okanye kwindawo elawulwayo. Oku kunciphisa umngcipheko kwaye kuvumele uhlolo olulawulekayo.
- Qokelela Iinkcukacha ezifanelekileyo: Qinisekisa ukuba uqokelela idatha eyaneleyo ngexesha lesigaba sokuHlola. Le datha inika isiseko sokuvavanya ukusebenza kakuhle kotshintsho kunye nokwenza izigqibo ezinolwazi.
- Sebenzisa izixhobo ezibonakalayo: Sebenzisa izinto ezibonwayo, ezifana neetshati okanye imizobo, ukwenza imephu yomjikelo wePDCA. Oku kwandisa ukuqonda kunye nonxibelelwano phakathi kwamalungu eqela.
IItrakthi ezibalulekileyo
Umjikelo wePDCA umi njengekhampasi yemibutho kunye nabantu abaqhuba uhambo lokuphucula okuqhubekayo. Izigaba zayo ezine - Cwangcisa, Yenza, Qwalasela, kwaye wenze - ibonelela ngesakhelo esilula kodwa esinamandla sokusombulula iingxaki kunye nokuphumeza ukugqwesa.
Kwihlabathi lanamhlanje elikhawulezayo, unxibelelwano olusebenzayo kunye nentsebenziswano zizinto eziphambili zokuphunyezwa ngempumelelo. Isixhobo esinje AhaSlides inokuphucula iintlanganiso kunye neeseshini zokubonisana. Ngojongano lwayo olusebenziseka lula kunye neempawu ezisebenzisanayo, AhaSlides iququzelela ukutshintshiselana ngemibono, uhlalutyo lwedatha, kunye nengxelo yexesha langempela, okwenza umjikelo wePDCA ufikeleleke ngakumbi kwaye ube nefuthe.
FAQs
Yintoni iNkqubo ye-PDCA Cycle?
Umjikelo wePDCA (Plan-Do-Check-Act) yinkqubo ecwangcisiweyo yokuphucula okuqhubekayo. Kubandakanya ukucwangcisa, ukuphumeza iinguqu, ukujonga iziphumo, kunye nokusebenza ngokusekelwe kwezo ziphumo ukusulungekisa kunye nokuphucula iinkqubo.
Yintoni uMjikelo wePDSA?
Umjikelo wePDSA, owaziwa ngokuba yiPlani-Do-Study-Act cycle, kunye nomjikelo wePDCA ziyafana. Kwiimeko zokhathalelo lwempilo, iPDSA kunye nePDCA zihlala zisetyenziswa ngokutshintshanayo. Yomibini imijikelo ilandela indlela yamanyathelo amane ekuphuculeni okuqhubekayo.
Yintoni isiShwankathelo soMjikelo wePDCA?
Umjikelo wePDCA yindlela elula nesebenzayo yokusombulula iingxaki kunye nokuphuculwa okuqhubekayo. Iqulathe izigaba ezine: Cwangcisa (chonga kwaye wenze isicwangciso sokuphucula), Yenza (ukuphumeza isicwangciso kwisikali esincinci), Hlola (vavanya iziphumo), kunye noMthetho (uhlengahlengiso oluyimpumelelo kwaye uphinde umjikelo).
Ref: ASQ | Izixhobo Zengqondo
