Yintoni i inkqubo yocwangciso lweprojekthi kulawulo lweprojekthi?
Good project management includes five fundamental steps: Starting Initiation, Planning, Execution, Monitoring and Control, and finishing with Closure. It is important to note that none of the successful projects can ignore any of these stages, especially a project planning process which keeps everything to follow track, such as being delivered on time and within budget.
Ukucwangciswa kweprojekthi kusembindini womjikelo wobomi beprojekthi, nto leyo ethetha ukuba sesona sigaba singumngeni. Nangona kunjalo, kusoloko kukho indlela yokufika apho.
Kweli nqaku, sifunda ngakumbi malunga nokucwangciswa kweprojekthi, inkcazo, imizekelo, inkqubo, kunye nezinye izixhobo zokucwangcisa ukukunceda uqonde ngcono inkqubo yokucwangcisa iprojekthi kwaye ufunde indlela yokujongana nobunzima bayo.
Iingcebiso zokuthethana ngcono
Ngaba ujonge indlela yokunxibelelana yokulawula iprojekthi yakho ngcono?
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Ithini inkcazo yoCwangciso lweProjekthi?
Ukucwangciswa kweprojekthi kunokuchazwa njengenkqubo ecwangcisiweyo yokuchaza, ukulungelelanisa, kunye nokuqulunqa amanyathelo ayimfuneko kunye nezibonelelo ezifunekayo ukuze kuphunyezwe injongo ethile ngexesha elibekiweyo. Yindlela esebenzayo ebandakanya ukuchonga iinjongo, ukuseka umkhombandlela, kunye nokwabiwa kwezibonelelo zokwandisa imveliso kunye nokunciphisa imingcipheko.
7 Stages of the Project Planning Process
Kweli candelo, sihlalutya kumanyathelo asi-7 abandakanyekayo kucwangciso lweprojekthi ngolu hlobo lulandelayo:
Inqanaba 1: Ukuchaza iiNjongo zeProjekthi kunye neMida
Inqanaba lokuqala lenkqubo yocwangciso lweprojekthi lijikeleza ekuchazeni ngokucacileyo iinjongo zeprojekthi kunye nobubanzi. Oku kubandakanya ukuqonda iziphumo ezinqwenelekayo, ukuchonga abachaphazelekayo, kunye nokuseka iinjongo ezinokulinganiswa. Ukuchaza imida yeprojekthi, ukunikezelwa, kunye nezithintelo kubeka isiseko semisebenzi yokucwangcisa elandelayo.
Ngokomzekelo, i-Nike ibeka injongo yokuthengisa ukuthengisa iiyunithi ze-3,00,000 ngonyaka ozayo, eziphakamisa i-30% xa kuthelekiswa nokuthengiswa kwangoku.
Inqanaba 2: Ukuqhuba uVavanyo lweProjekthi eBanzi
A thorough project assessment is crucial for informed decision-making and risk mitigation. This stage involves conducting a detailed analysis of project requirements, resources, potential risks, and dependencies. By assessing the project's feasibility, viability, and potential challenges, planners can identify critical success factors and develop strategies to address potential roadblocks.
Inqanaba lesi-3: Ukuphuhliswa koLwakhiwo loLwahlulo loMsebenzi (WBS)
Kweli nyathelo locwangciso lweprojekthi, yonke iprojekthi yahlulahlulwe yangamacandelo amancinci, alawulekayo. Le ndlela ibizwa ngokuba yi-work breakdown structure (WBS) ebonelela ngokumelwa kwemigangatho yemisebenzi, imisebenzi engaphantsi, kunye nokunikezelwa, ukuqinisekisa ukucaca kunye nombutho. Iququzelela ulwabiwo lwezibonelelo, kunye nolandelelwano lwemisebenzi, kwaye iseke isakhelo esinengqiqo sokwenziwa kweprojekthi.
Inqanaba lesi-4: Ukuqikelela iZibonelelo kunye nokuSekwa kwamaxesha amisiweyo
Uqikelelo lwezibonelelo kunye nokusekwa kwexesha elimisiweyo kukwabalulekile kwimpumelelo yocwangciso lweprojekthi. Eli nqanaba lijolise ekuqinisekiseni abasebenzi abayimfuneko, ulwabiwo lwebhajethi, kunye nezixhobo ezifunekayo kumsebenzi ngamnye. Ngokuqwalasela ukuxhomekeka komsebenzi, izinto eziphambili, kunye nezibonelelo ezikhoyo, abacwangcisi okanye abaphathi banokuphuhlisa amaxesha afanelekileyo, ukuchonga imida ephambili endleleni.
Inqanaba lesi-5: Ukuchongwa koMngcipheko kunye nezicwangciso-qhinga zokuwunciphisa
No project is immune to risks, and addressing them early on is vital to processing a plan. During this stage, potential risks and uncertainties are identified, analyzed, and prioritized. Proactive strategies are developed to mitigate risks, encompassing contingency plans, risk transfer mechanisms, and alternative courses of action. Regular risk monitoring and assessment ensure adaptability throughout the project's lifecycle.
Inqanaba lesi-6: Unxibelelwano kunye nokuBambisana nabachaphazelekayo
Like glue, effective communication can hold a project together. Establishing a communication plan that outlines channels, frequency, and stakeholders' involvement is imperative. Regular status updates, progress reports, and collaborative discussions foster transparency, enhance coordination, and manage stakeholder expectations.
Inqanaba lesi-7: Ukubeka iliso, ukuLawula, kunye noVavanyo
Ukufikelela ekugqibeleni kwisicwangciso-nkqubo esisebenzayo sokucwangcisa iprojekthi linqanaba eliqhubekayo lokubeka iliso kunye novavanyo. Eli nqanaba lijolise ekulandeleni inkqubela phambili, ukuyithelekisa nezigaba ezimisiweyo, nokuchonga ukunxaxha. Ukuba kukho imfuneko, uhlengahlengiso lwenziwa ukulungelelanisa iprojekthi kunye neenjongo zayo. Izifundo ezifundiweyo zibhalwe phantsi, zivumela ukudluliselwa kolwazi kunye nokuphuculwa kwexesha elizayo.
What are the Components of Project Planning?
Nazi izinto ezisi-7 eziphambili zenkqubo yocwangciso lweprojekthi:
- Umda wocwangciso kulawulo: Cacisa ngokucacileyo imida kunye neenjongo zeprojekthi.
- Ulwakhiwo loLwahlulo lomsebenzi (WBS): Ukwahlula iprojekthi ibe yimisebenzi emincinci, elawulekayo.
- Ixesha kunye neMilestones: Ukuseka umda wexesha wokwenyani kunye nokuseta amanyathelo okulandelela inkqubela.
- Ukwabiwa kwezixhobo: Ukuchonga nokwabiwa kwezibonelelo eziyimfuneko, kubandakanywa abasebenzi, uhlahlo lwabiwo-mali kunye nezixhobo.
- Uhlalutyo loMngcipheko kunye nokuNcitshiswa: Ukuchonga imingcipheko enokubakho kunye nokuphuhlisa izicwangciso-qhinga zokuyinciphisa.
- Isicwangciso soNxibelelwano: Ukuseka amajelo onxibelelwano asebenzayo ukuququzelela ulungelelwaniso nentsebenziswano phakathi kwabachaphazelekayo beprojekthi.
- Ukubeka iliso kunye noVavanyo: Ukuphumeza iindlela zokubeka iliso kwinkqubela phambili yeprojekthi kunye nokuvavanya ukusebenza ngokuthelekiswa nee-KPIs ezichazwe kwangaphambili.
Why is the Project Planning Process Necessary?
Yandisa ukusebenza kweprojekthi kunye nokuba nokwenzeka kokuphumelela
There are a number of reasons why projects fail and one of them is the failure to define objectives, goals, and responsibilities among team members (close to 39% estimated). The project won't run smoothly if team members are confused about their individual roles and responsibilities. Furthermore, the lack of clear objectives and goals or misunderstanding the direction and purpose of the project can lead to misalignment and a lack of focus, resulting in unexpected glitches, and scope creep.
Iphucula intsebenziswano yeqela kunye nonxibelelwano
Isicwangciso esicwangciswe kakuhle sidala ithuba lokuba amalungu eqela anxibelelane kwaye asebenzisane ngokufanelekileyo. Ngokukodwa xa kuziwa kwiiprojekthi ezinqamlezileyo okanye ezinqamlezileyo, kunye nokubandakanyeka kwabasebenzi abaninzi kunye neengcali ezivela kwiimvelaphi ezahlukeneyo ezisebenza kunye, indima yokucwangcisa ibonakala ngakumbi. Ngenxa yoko, unxibelelwano olucacileyo kunye nentsebenziswano kuphucula ukusebenza kweqela, ukukhuthaza umbono okwabelwana ngawo, iingxabano ezimbalwa zabasebenzi, kunye nokukhuthaza indawo yeprojekthi efanelekileyo.
Iqinisekisa ukusetyenziswa ngokupheleleyo kwezibonelelo
Ucwangciso lolona qheliselo lolona lubalaseleyo lokusetyenziswa kwemithombo yobutyebi kuquka ixesha, izibonelelo zabasebenzi, uhlahlo lwabiwo-mali, izixhobo, kunye nemathiriyeli. Ngokuchonga izixhobo ezifunekayo kwangaphambili, iqela leprojekthi linokuqinisekisa ukuba izixhobo ezifanelekileyo ziyafumaneka ngexesha elifanelekileyo, ukunciphisa ukulibaziseka, kunye nokuphindaphinda, kunye nokuphucula ukusebenza kakuhle.
Inciphisa imingcipheko kunye nemiba engalindelekanga
Ngokuchonga imingcipheko kwangethuba, iqela leprojekthi linokuphuhlisa izicwangciso zesicwangciso sokuphendula umngcipheko kunye nezicwangciso zokuhlangabezana nazo. Le ndlela yokusebenza inceda ekunciphiseni ukubakho kunye neempembelelo zomngcipheko, ukuphucula ukusebenza kweprojekthi kunye nokunciphisa amathuba okusilela.
What is the Best Project Planning Process?
For better project planning as well as overcoming challenges that might be encountered during the planning, it is worth considering some project planning methodologies. They refer to structured approaches and frameworks used to effectively plan and manage projects.
UCwangciso lweengxangxasi
Indlela yokusebenza ye-Waterfall yindlela elandelelanayo eyahlula iprojekthi ngokwezigaba ezahlukeneyo, isigaba ngasinye sisakha kwesangaphambili. Kulandela ukuqhubela phambili komgca, apho isigaba ngasinye kufuneka sigqitywe phambi kokuba sidlulele kwesinye. Amanqanaba aphambili abandakanya iimfuno zokuqokelela, ukuyila, uphuhliso, uvavanyo, ukusasazwa kunye nokugcinwa. I-waterfall ifaneleke kakhulu kwiiprojekthi ezineemfuno ezichazwe kakuhle kunye nezizinzileyo.
I-PRINCE2 (Iiprojekthi ezikwiiNdawo eziLawulwayo)
I-PRINCE2 yindlela yokulawula iprojekthi esekelwe kwinkqubo esetyenziswa kakhulu e-United Kingdom nakwihlabathi jikelele. Ibonelela ngesakhelo esicwangcisiweyo sokucwangciswa kweprojekthi, ukubeka iliso kunye nokulawula. I-PRINCE2 yahlula iiprojekthi ngokwezigaba ezilawulekayo kwaye igxininisa ulawulo olusebenzayo, ulawulo lomngcipheko, kunye nokubandakanyeka kwabachaphazelekayo. Yaziwa ngokubanzi ngokugxila kwayo ekuthetheleleni ishishini kunye namaxwebhu abanzi.
I-PRISM (Ukudityaniswa kweeProjekthi, uMda, ixesha, kunye noLawulo lweZibonelelo)
I-PRISM yindlela yokulawula iprojekthi eyenziwe yiProjekthi yoLawulo lweProjekthi (PMI). Ibonelela ngesakhelo esibanzi esibandakanya indibaniselwano, umda, ixesha, kunye nolawulo lwemithombo. I-PRISM igxininisa indlela ecwangcisiweyo yokucwangcisa iprojekthi, ukubandakanya iinkqubo ezifana nokuchaza iinjongo zeprojekthi, ukudala izakhiwo zokuqhawula umsebenzi, ukucwangcisa imisebenzi, kunye nokwabiwa kwezibonelelo.
What are Some Project Planning Tools and Software?
Project planning tools and software have become indispensable for effective project management in today's fast-paced and dynamic business landscape. As a project manager, you might want to take a look at these top suggestions:
Project Microsoft yinkqubo yocwangciso lweprojekthi ebanzi esetyenziswa kakhulu ziingcali kumashishini ahlukeneyo. Inika uluhlu lweempawu ezomeleleyo zokulawula imisebenzi, izixhobo, amaxesha kunye nohlahlo lwabiwo-mali.
asana sisixhobo sokucwangcisa iprojekthi esisebenza ngeendlela ezininzi esaziwa ngeempawu zayo ezomeleleyo kunye nokuguquguquka. Ibonelela ngeqonga eliphakathi ukuze amaqela acwangcise, aququzelele, kwaye alandelele iiprojekthi ngempumelelo.
Trello yinkqubo yesoftware edumileyo yokucwangcisa umsebenzi eyaziwa ngokuba lula kunye nokunomtsalane okubonakalayo. Ujongano lwayo olusebenziseka lula lubandakanya iibhodi, uluhlu, kunye namakhadi, okuvumela amaqela ukuba alungelelanise kwaye abeke phambili imisebenzi ngaphandle komgudu.
What are the 10 Steps of Project Planning?
Inkqubo yokucwangcisa iprojekthi iyahluka ukusuka kwintlangano ukuya kwintlangano, kuxhomekeke kububanzi kunye nobukhulu beeprojekthi. Abanye abaphathi banokukhetha amanyathelo ali-10 ocwangciso lweprojekthi ngolu hlobo lulandelayo:
- Chaza iinjongo zeprojekthi kunye neenjongo.
- Ukuchonga abachaphazelekayo kwiprojekthi.
- Yenza uhlalutyo olucokisekileyo lomda weprojekthi.
- Phuhlisa ulwakhiwo oluneenkcukacha lomsebenzi (WBS).
- Ukumisela ukuxhomekeka kweprojekthi kunye nolandelelwano lwemisebenzi.
- Qikelela iimfuno zezibonelelo kwaye wenze isicwangciso sobutyebi.
- Phuhlisa ishedyuli yeprojekthi eyinyani.
- Chonga kwaye uvavanye umngcipheko weprojekthi.
- Yenza isicwangciso sonxibelelwano.
- Fumana iimvume zeprojekthi kwaye ugqibezele isicwangciso seprojekthi.
Imibuzo ebuzwa qho
Yintoni eyona nto ibalulekileyo kucwangciso lweprojekthi?
Kwinkqubo esebenzayo yocwangciso lweprojekthi, ukuchonga ukuba yeyiphi eyona nto iphambili ekuya kuthi inikezelwe kwaye inikezelwe ngubani ngexesha elibekiweyo elibaluleke kakhulu, nto leyo echaphazela inkqubela yeprojekthi iphela.
Kutheni ukucwangcisa kubaluleke kakhulu kulawulo?
Ukucwangciswa kweprojekthi kunye nokucwangcisa kunokuqwalaselwa njengenyathelo lokuqala kunye neyona nto iphambili ekulawuleni iprojekthi. Ngaphandle kwesicwangciso esifanelekileyo, amathuba okuphumelela ancitshiswa kakhulu. Ibeka isiseko sokwenziwa nolawulo olusebenzayo lweprojekthi.
Iingcinga Final
It is important to note that project planning is the best process to keep everything in positive progress. While project planning software can help improve the productivity of the project planning process, please don't take it for granted, the role of project manager and team coordination is much more critical.
So, don't forget to have an intlanganiso yentshayelelo ukudibanisa onke amaqela ekuqaleni kweprojekthi kunye noqeqesho lwezakhono zokuqinisekisa ukuba amaqela akho aqhuba kakuhle kwaye akhuthazekile ngexesha leprojekthi yonke. Ukuba ufuna iintetho zentlanganiso ezibandakanyayo nezinika umdla okanye uqeqesho, IAhaSlides inokuba liqabane lakho elilungileyo elineempawu ezininzi zasimahla kunye neetemplates kunye nesicwangciso samaxabiso esikhuphisanayo kuzo zonke iinkampani.
