“Njodzi huru ndeyekusatora chero njodzi. Munyika iri kuchinja nekukurumidza, nzira chete yakavimbiswa kukundikana haisi kutora njodzi, "akadaro Mark Zuckerberg.
Strategy ndiyo musimboti webudiriro yebhizinesi mumusika wemakwikwi. Yese yakasarudzwa zano rekufamba kunotevera kwakafanana nekutora njodzi. Njodzi yakaenzana nemikana, uye zano rakanyatsotsanangurwa rinoita basa rakakura mukushandura njodzi kuita mukana.
Saka ndezvipi zvakanakisisa marudzi ehurongwa kuti makambani anofanira kuteerera? Ngatinyure muchinyorwa ichi kuti tiwane nzwisiso yakawanda!
Zviri Mukati
- Chii chinonzi Strategy?
- Sei Kambani Ichifanira Kufunga Mhando Dzakasiyana dzeSitidziro?
- Ndedzipi Dzakajairwa Marudzi eStrategic muStrategic Management?
- Ndeipi Mienzaniso Yehurongwa muBhizinesi Ranhasi?
- Maitiro eKusarudza Iwo Marudzi Akakodzera eState yeSangano?
- Zvitsva Zvitsva
- Mibvunzo Inonyanya Kubvunzwa
Chii chinonzi Strategy?
Chipangamazano chirongwa chakanyatsofungwa kana nzira yakagadzirirwa kuzadzisa zvinangwa chaizvo. Zvinosanganisira kuisa zvinangwa zvakajeka, kuongorora mamiriro ezvinhu, kuita zvisarudzo, kuronga zviito, uye kugadzirisa pazvinenge zvakakodzera.
Matanho, kubva kubhizinesi kuenda kubudiriro yemunhu, anoshandiswa mumamiriro akasiyana kutungamira kuita sarudzo uye inoshanda yekugovera zviwanikwa kuti uwane mhedzisiro inodiwa.
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- Strategic thinker mienzaniso
- Kufunga kwakaomarara chii?
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Sei Kambani Ichifanira Kufunga Mhando Dzakasiyana dzeSitidziro?
Kunzwisisa mhando dzemazano kwakakosha sekushandisa zano rakakodzera. Pane zvikonzero zvakati kuti nei sangano richifanira kuve nekunzwisisa kwakanaka kwerudzi rwega rwega rwezano:
- Mamiriro ezvinhu akasiyana anodaidzira nzira dzakasiyana, uye kunzwisisa iwo nuances ega ega zano rudzi kunovimbisa kuti yakasarudzwa zano rinoenderana nekuona kwese uye chinangwa chesangano.
- Mamiriro emusika anogona kuchinja nguva nenguva. Kana imwe nzira isiri kushanda, kambani inogona kutenderera kune imwe inokodzera zvirinani mamiriro azvino.
- Nzira dzakasiyana dzinoda kugoverwa kwezviwanikwa zvakasiyana.
- Imwe neimwe nzira yemhando inouya neyayo seti yenjodzi uye inogona kuve mibairo.
Ndedzipi Dzakajairwa Marudzi eStrategic muStrategic Management?
Heano mamwe emhando dzakajairika dzemazano anogona kushandiswa kune strategic management. Zviripachena kuti anenge masangano ese mazuvano anowanzo batanidza nekugadzirisa nzira idzi kuti dzienderane nezvinangwa zvavo uye mamiriro emusika.
"Kambani inogona kukunda vanokwikwidza chete kana ikakwanisa kuunza mutsauko wainogona kuchengetedza."
by Michael E. Porter, HBR
Strategic Corporate
Corporate Strategy ndeimwe yeakanyanya kujairika marudzi ehurongwa ayo mabhizinesi anoshandisa mazuvano. Ipurani yepamusoro-soro inotsanangura gwara nezvinangwa zvesangano. Inosanganisira sarudzo pamusoro pekuvapo kwemusika, kugoverwa kwezviwanikwa, hurongwa hwekumisikidza, mikana yekubatana, kuderedza njodzi, kuenderera mberi, uye zvinangwa zvekukura. Urongwa uhwu hunotungamirira sangano rose kuti rione kuti mabasa aro anofambirana nechiratidzo charo chenguva refu nemaitiro, zvichiita kuti rikwanise kuzadzisa zvinangwa zvaro zvekupedzisira.
Yemakwikwi Isu
Chirongwa chakanyatsorongwa chinoshandiswa nemasangano kuchengetedza chinzvimbo chinotungamira mukati memusika wavo kana indasitiri. Zvinosanganisira kudoma musika waunotarirwa, kuendesa kukosha kwakasiyana kune vatengi, kuona mabhenefiti emakwikwi (sekutungamira mutengo kana kusiyanisa), uye kugovera zviwanikwa zvine hunyanzvi. Mazano emakwikwi akakosha pakubudirira kwakasimba uye kukunda vakwikwidzi nekupa kukosha kwepamusoro kune vatengi.
Michael Porter akatsanangura mhando ina dzemakwikwi nzira dzinogona kushandiswa mune chero bhizinesi sangano zvisinei nehukuru uye chimiro chezvigadzirwa. Pakati pavo, iyo Differentiation strategy ndiyo imwe inonyanya kushanda. Mumusika, kune zviuru zvekutengesa zvinotengesa zvakafanana zvigadzirwa nemasevhisi. Kana keke rikadyiwa nevose vakwikwidzi vakasimba, bhizinesi rako rinogona sei kuchengetedza chidimbu chakakura? Mhinduro iri mune yakanyatso itwa yekusiyanisa zano. Iyo inowanzouya nePrimum Pricing, uko Vatengi vanoda kubhadhara mari yepamusoro pavanoona kukosha kwakawedzerwa muchigadzirwa kana sevhisi, zvichitungamira mukuwedzera purofiti.
Operational Strategy
Mhando dzemagadzirirwo akaita seOperational Strategy inzira inofanirwa kutariswa kune ese ari maviri masangano makuru. Chikamu chekuronga mukati mesangano chinotarisana nekugadzirisa zviitiko zvakasiyana uye maitiro anoitwa mukati mezvinzvimbo zvega zvega, sekushambadzira, mari, kana kugadzira. Chinangwa chayo chikuru ndechekuvimbisa kuti mabasa aya anoenderana uye nekusimbisa zvinangwa zvebhizinesi zvakakura zvesangano. Urongwa hwekushanda hunosanganisira nzira dzekunatsa, kugova zvine hungwaru kwezviwanikwa, kumisikidzwa kwemabhenji ekuita, uye kutarisa zvakasiyana-siyana zvekushanda kwezuva nezuva kuti uwedzere kushanda zvakanaka, kunaka, uye simba rekukwikwidza.
Kukura Isu
Growth Strategy, pakati pemhando dzepamusoro dzehurongwa, inotsanangura hurongwa hwemaune hunoshandiswa nemasangano kuwedzera bhizinesi ravo, kuwedzera mugove wemusika, uye kuwana kukura kwakasimba. Zvinosanganisira zviitiko zvakaita sekupinda mumisika mitsva, kugadzira zvigadzirwa zvitsva kana masevhisi, kupinda mumisika iripo zvakare, kusiyanisa munzvimbo dzisina hukama, kuumba kudyidzana, uye kuwedzera hunyanzvi. Kuitwa kunobudirira kwehurongwa hwekukura kunoda kunyatsoronga, kugovera zviwanikwa, uye kuchinjika kune shanduko yemusika simba.
Ndeipi Mienzaniso Yehurongwa muBhizinesi Ranhasi?
Apple muenzaniso unozivikanwa wekushandisa zano rakakodzera panguva yakakodzera, nepo paine kushanduka kwemusika uye kuderera kwehupfumi.
- Apple's Differentiation Strategy: Apple yekukwikwidza zano yakatarisana nekusiyaniswa kwechigadzirwa. Iyo kambani inogara ichiunza zvigadzirwa zvitsva uye zvinoyevedza, senge iPhone, iPad, uye Mac, iyo inoraira mitengo yeprimiyamu. Kuvimbika kwemhando yeApple uye ecosystem yekubatanidza inowedzera kusimbisa nzira yayo yekusiyanisa.
Google yaita kuti zita rayo rive iro rinoshandiswa zvakanyanya pawebhu-based yekutsvaga injini, nekuda kweiyo-nguva shanduko yeGoogle's Alphabet muna 2015.
- Google's Alphabet Restructuring (2015): Kambani yevabereki veGoogle, Alphabet Inc., yakaita shanduko huru yekambani nekugadzirisazve mabhizinesi ayo akasiyana-siyana kuita masangano akasiyana pasi peamburera yeAlphabet. Kugadziridzwa uku kwakabvumira Google kuti itarise pane yayo musimboti yekutsvaga uye kushambadzira bhizinesi uku ichigonesa mamwe maAlphabet anotsigira kuti aite mabhindauko matsva.
Tesla inouyawo neyakanakisa bhizinesi zano iro makambani mazhinji anotora sechidzidzo chakakosha. Pane kuti vatarise zvikomborero zvinokurumidza, vanotamba mutambo wakareba, nechinangwa chekuva kambani huru yemotokari munyika.
- Tesla wacho Supplier chain strategy: Ndiyo imwe yekudyara kwakanakisa kwavakaita. Vakatora kutonga kuzere kweketani yavo yekugovera nekuisa bheti kune vanogadzira bhatiri, zvichivabvumira kuti vanyanye kunonoka uye vanoteerera kune shanduko mukudiwa. Kubva muna Chikunguru 2023, Tesla inoshanda netiweki ye5,265 Supercharger zviteshi zvine anopfuura makumi mana nemasere ekubatanidza. Iyi ndiyo yakakosha yemakwikwi mukana weTesla, uye inogona kubatsira kambani kuramba ichikura mumakore anotevera.
Maitiro eKusarudza Iwo Marudzi Akakodzera eState yeSangano?
Muchikamu chino, tinopa mazano mashanu anogona kubatsira sangano kuva nehwaro hwakasimba hwekuita sarudzo dzine ruzivo uye dzakasimba pakusarudza zano.
- Kunzwisisa Zvinangwa Zvesangano:
Izvi zvakakosha nekuti kubatanidza zano rakasarudzwa nechinangwa chikuru chesangano uye chiono chinovimbisa kuti zano rinotsigira chinangwa chikuru chesangano.
- Indasitiri uye Yemakwikwi Ongororo:
Kuita ongororo yakakwana yeindasitiri uye mamiriro emakwikwi kwakakosha sezvo ichipa hwaro hwekuita sarudzo ine ruzivo uye inobatsira masangano kunzwisisa chinzvimbo chavo chemakwikwi. Kurukurai kukosha kwekunyatsoongorora uchishandisa maturusi akaita seSWOT, PESTEL, uye Porter's Five Forces kuti unzwisise mamiriro emusika, kutyisidzira, nemikana.
- Kuongorora Kugona Kwemukati:
Kunzwisisa simba remukati mesangano uye kusasimba kwakakosha. Pasina ongororo iyi, zvinonetsa kuona kana sangano rine zviwanikwa zvinodiwa uye kugona kuita zano rakasarudzwa nemazvo. Izvi zvinosanganisira kuongorora zviwanikwa zvemari, huwandu hwevanhu, kugona kwetekinoroji, uye kushanda nesimba.
- Resource Allocation:
Kuve nechokwadi chekuti kuwanikwa kwezviwanikwa kunoenderana nezvinodiwa zvesarudzo yakasarudzwa kwakakosha. Pasina kugoverwa kwezviwanikwa kwakafanira, kunyangwe zano rakanakisa rinogona kupera simba.
- Kuongorora uye Kuongorora
Kumisikidza metrics ekuita uye KPIs yekutevera kufambira mberi uye kugadzirisa kwakakosha pakubudirira kunoenderera. Pasina kutarisisa nekuwongorora kunoshanda, masangano haagone kuona kuti zano riri munzira uye nekuunza mhedzisiro inodiwa.
Zvitsva Zvitsva
Zvakakosha kucherechedza kuti kushanda kwemhando imwe neimwe yemaitiro kunokonzerwa nezvinhu zvakasiyana-siyana. Iro zano rakakodzera kune iyo kambani rinogona kusashanda kukambani yako. Munzvimbo yebhizinesi inogara ichishanduka, kugara uchienderana neazvino maitiro uye kuve wakavhurika kuongorora nzira dzakasiyana kwakakosha pakubudirira kwenguva refu.
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Mibvunzo Inonyanya Kubvunzwa
Ndedzipi 4 mhando dzemaitiro pasi pehurongwa hwekuongorora?
Panyaya yekuongorora kwehungwaru, kune mana mazinga ehurongwa: (1) Corporate level strategy, (2) Bhizinesi level zano, (3) Functional level strategy, uye (4) Operational level zano.
Ndeapi marudzi gumi nerimwe ehurongwa?
Kune 11 marudzi ehurongwa anowanzoshandiswa mubhizinesi remazuva ano, kusanganisira Structuralist, Differentiation, Price-skimming, Acquisition, Focus, Cross-selling, Sustainability, Diversification, Retention, Portfolio-constrained, uye Growth Strategy.
Ndeapi marudzi mana ehurongwa hwemakwikwi?
Sekureva kwaMichael Porter, Kukwikwidza zano inzira yakakura inogona kukamurwa kuita zvikamu zvina zvidiki:
Mari yekutungamira zano rinotarisa kugadzira zvigadzirwa kana masevhisi nemutengo wakaderera pane makwikwi.
Kusiyanisa zano rinosanganisira kugadzira zvigadzirwa kana masevhisi akasiyana uye anopa chimwe chinhu icho vatengi vanokoshesa.
Focus zano rinonangidzira chikamu chemusika uye rinoshandisa izvo zvinodiwa zviri nani pane makwikwi.
Yakabatanidzwa mutengo hutungamiri / mutsauko strategy musanganiswa wehutungamiriri hwemutengo uye kusiyanisa.
Ref: Havard Bhizinesi Ongororo | Casade
