Tsvagiridzo inoratidza kuti mapoka anoshandisa nzira dzakarongeka dzekufunga gadzira mhinduro dzekugadzira dzinosvika 50% pane nzira dzisina kurongeka. Gwaro iri rinosanganisa makumi emakore ekutsvagisa zvinhu zvitsva uye ruzivo rwekuita kuti rive chinhu chimwe chete chinobatsira timu yako kuronga mazano zvinobudirira.
Zviri Mukati
Chii chinonzi Brainstorming?
Kufunga nezvepfungwa inzira yakarongwa yekugadzira pfungwa dzakawanda kana mhinduro dzedambudziko rakati. Yakatanga kuunzwa nemukuru wezvekushambadza Alex Osborn muna 1948, kufunga nezvepfungwa kunokurudzira kufunga kwakasununguka, kunomisa kutonga panguva yekugadzira pfungwa, uye kunogadzira nzvimbo iyo pfungwa dzisina kujairika dzinogona kubuda.
Osborn akatanga kufunga nezvepfungwa paaitungamira BBDO (Batten, Barton, Durstine & Osborn), imwe yemasangano makuru ekushambadza muAmerica, panguva iyo kambani yacho yainetseka. Akaona kuti misangano yebhizinesi yechinyakare yaikanganisa hunyanzvi, vashandi vachivanza pfungwa dzavo vachitya kutsoropodzwa nekukurumidza. Mhinduro yake yakava iyo yatinoziva ikozvino sekufunga nezvepfungwa, pakutanga yainzi "kufunga nezvepfungwa."
Nguva Yokushandisa Brainstorming
Kufunga nezvepfungwa kunoshanda zvakanyanya kune:
Zvikumbiro zvebhizinesi:
- Kuvandudzwa kwechigadzirwa uye innovation
- Pfungwa yekushambadzira
- Masangano ekugadzirisa matambudziko
- Zvirongwa zvekuronga zvine hungwaru
- Matanho ekuvandudza maitiro
- Kuvandudzwa kweruzivo rwevatengi
Zvirongwa zvedzidzo:
- Kunyora rondedzero dzekare uye kutanga chirongwa chekudzidza kwakavakirwa papurojekiti (PBL)
- Mabasa ekudzidza pamwe chete
- Zviitwa zvekunyora zvine hunyanzvi
- Zvirongwa zveSainzi fair
- Mharidzo dzeboka
- Kugadzira hurongwa hwezvidzidzo
Mapurojekiti ega ega:
- Kuronga chiitiko
- Kuedza kwekugadzira (unyanzvi, kunyora, mimhanzi)
- Sarudzo dzekuvandudza basa
- Kugadza zvinangwa zvako pachako
Kana Usingafaniri Kushandisa Brainstorming
Kufunga nezvepfungwa hakusi mhinduro nguva dzose. Siya kufunga nezvepfungwa kana:
- Sarudzo dzinoda hunyanzvi hwakadzama hwehunyanzvi kubva kunzvimbo imwe chete
- Nguva dzakaoma zvakanyanya (< maminetsi gumi nemashanu aripo)
- Dambudziko rine mhinduro imwe chete inozivikanwa chaiyo
- Kufungisisa kwemunhu mumwe nemumwe kwaizobatsira zvikuru
- Maitiro echikwata haana kunaka zvakanyanya
Sainzi Iri Kubatsira Pakutsanangura Pfungwa
Kunzwisisa psychology nekutsvaga pfungwa kunobatsira kudzivirira matambudziko anowanzoitika uye kuronga zvidzidzo zvinobudirira.
Zvinotaurwa Nekutsvagurudza
Kuvharirwa kwekugadzirwa
tsvakurudzo naMichael Diehl naWolfgang Stroebe (1987) vakaona "kuvharirwa kwekugadzirwa kwezvinhu" sedambudziko guru mukufunga nepfungwa dzeboka. Kana munhu mumwe chete achitaura, vamwe vanofanira kumirira, zvichiita kuti vakanganwe mazano avo kana kurasikirwa nesimba. Tsvagiridzo iyi yakatungamira mukuvandudzwa kwehunyanzvi hwakaita sekunyora pfungwa, uko munhu wese anobatsira panguva imwe chete.
Kuchengetedzwa kwepfungwa
Ongororo yaAmy Edmondson kuHarvard inoratidza kuti kuchengeteka mupfungwa—kutenda kuti hauzorangwi kana kunyadziswa nekuda kwekutaura—ndicho chinhu chinonyanya kukosha pakubudirira kwechikwata. Matimu ane kuchengetedzeka kwepfungwa anogadzira mazano ekugadzira uye anotora njodzi dzakanyatsorongwa.
Ongororo yakaitwa neHarvard Business Review yakawana kuti mapoka aigovana nyaya dzinonyadzisa asati afunga nezvepfungwa akagadzira pfungwa dzakawanda ne26% kupfuura mapoka evanodzora ne15%. Kusagadzikana uku kwakagadzira mamiriro ezvinhu apo kutonga kwakamiswa, zvichikonzera kugona kukuru.
Kusiyana-siyana kweruzivo rwepfungwa
tsvakurudzo kubva kuMIT's Center for Collective Intelligence yakawana kuti zvikwata zvine mafungiro akasiyana-siyana uye mamiriro akasiyana-siyana zvinogara zvichikunda mapoka akafanana mukugadzirisa matambudziko. Chinokosha hachisi chekusiyana kwevanhu chete, asi kusiyana kwepfungwa munzira iyo nhengo dzechikwata dzinotarisana nayo nematambudziko.
The anchoring effect
Pfungwa dzepakutanga muzvirongwa zvepfungwa dzinowanzo simbisa pfungwa dzinotevera, dzichideredza hunyanzvi. Matekiniki akadai sekugadzira marongero epfungwa uye SCAMPER anonyanya kurwisa izvi nekumanikidza vatori vechikamu kuti vaongorore nzira dzakasiyana-siyana kubva pakutanga.
Dambudziko Rinowanzo konzera Kufunganya
Groupthink
Katsika kekuti mapoka atsvage kubvumirana asi kwete kuongorora zvakadzama. Kurwisa izvi nekukurudzira vatsigiri vemadhimoni uye kugamuchira pachena pfungwa dzinopesana.
Social loafing
Kana vanhu vachipa zvishoma mumapoka pane zvavaizoita vari vega, gadzirisa izvi kuburikidza nekuzvidavirira kwemunhu mumwe nemumwe, zvakaita sekuti munhu wese ape pfungwa dzake vasati vakurukura mumapoka.
Kuongorora Kufunga
Kutya kuongororwa kwakashata kunoita kuti vanhu vazvidzivise mazano ekugadzira. Zvishandiso zvekutumira zvisina kuzivikanwa zvakaita seAhaSlides zvinogadzirisa izvi nekubvisa humbowo panguva yekugadzira pfungwa.
Mitemo minomwe inokosha yekufunga nezvepfungwa
Misimboti iyi mikuru, yakagadziridzwa kubva muhurongwa hwepakutanga hwaAlex Osborn uye yakasimbiswa nemakumi emakore ekudzidzira paIDEO, d.school, uye masangano anotungamira pasi rose, inoumba hwaro hwepfungwa dzinoshanda.
Mutemo 1: Kusatonga Nguva Yakatarwa
Zvazvinoreva: Chimbomira kutsoropodza nekuongorora zvese panguva yekugadzira pfungwa. Hapana pfungwa inofanira kurambwa, kutsoropodzwa, kana kuongororwa kusvika mushure mekunge chirongwa chekufungisisa chapera.
Nei zvichikosha: Kutonga kunouraya hunyanzvi husati hwabudirira. Kana vatori vechikamu vachitya kushoropodzwa, vanozvidzora vobva vadzivisa mazano anogona kubudirira. Zvinhu zvitsva zvakanakisa zvinowanzoita sezvisina musoro pakutanga.
Maitiro ekushandisa:
- Taura mutemo uyu zvakajeka pakutanga kwemusangano
- Nyororodza zvinyoro nyoro chero mhinduro dzekuongorora kuti dzikurukure gare gare
- Muenzaniso wekusatonga semubatsiri
- Funga nezvekurambidza zvirevo zvakaita sekuti "Izvozvo hazvishande nekuti..." kana kuti "Takambozviedza kare"
- Shandisa "nzvimbo yekupaka mota" kuti uwane mazano anoda kukurukurwa ipapo ipapo
Mutemo wechipiri: Kurudzira Mazano Emusango
Zvazvinoreva: Gamuchira zvisina kujairika, zvinoita sezvisingaite, kana "kunze kwebhokisi" mazano pasina hanya nekukasika kuti zvigone kuitika.
Nei zvichikosha: Pfungwa dzemusango dzinowanzova nembeu dzemhinduro dzekubudirira. Kunyangwe pfungwa dzisingabatsiri dzinogona kukurudzira hunyanzvi hunoshanda kana dzakagadziriswa. Kukurudzira kufunga kwemusango kunosundira boka kupfuura mhinduro dziri pachena.
Maitiro ekushandisa:
- Koka zvakajeka "zvisingagoneki" kana "kupenga" pfungwa
- Pemberera mazano asina kujairika
- Bvunza mibvunzo inoita kuti munhu afunge nezvenyaya iyi yakaita sekuti "Ko dai mari isiri chinhu?" kana kuti "Taizoitei dai taigona kutyora mutemo upi zvawo?"
- Chengetedza chikamu chimwe chete chepfungwa dzako zvakanangana nepfungwa dze "wild card"
Mutemo 3: Vakiranai Pfungwa Dzemumwe Nemumwe
Zvazvinoreva: Teererai mipiro yevamwe moiwedzera, muisanganise, kana kuti muigadzirise kuti mugadzire mikana mitsva.
Nei zvichikosha: Kushandira pamwe kunowedzera kugona. Pfungwa dzisina kukwana dzemumwe munhu dzinova mhinduro yekubudirira kwemumwe. Kuvakira pamazano kunogadzira kubatana uko zvese zvinodarika huwandu hwezvikamu.
Maitiro ekushandisa:
- Ratidza pfungwa dzese pachena kuitira kuti munhu wese agone kudzitarisa
- Bvunza "Tingavaka sei pamusoro peizvi?" nguva dzose
- Shandisa "Hongu, uye..." pachinzvimbo chekuti "Hongu, asi..." Shandisa "Hongu, asi..."
- Kurudzira vatori vechikamu kuti vasanganise mazano akawanda
- Ipa rumbidzo kune vese vakapa rubatsiro rwekutanga pamwe neavo vanovaka pamusoro pemazano
Mutemo wechi4: Ramba Wakatarisa Nyaya
Zvazvinoreva: Ita shuwa kuti pfungwa dzinoramba dzakabatana nedambudziko kana dambudziko riri kugadziriswa, ukuwo dzichibvumira kutsvaga zvinhu zvitsva mukati memuganhu iwoyo.
Nei zvichikosha: Kutarisa zvinhu kunodzivirira kutambisa nguva uye kunoita kuti pave nemisangano inobatsira. Kunyange hazvo hunyanzvi huchikurudzirwa, kuchengetedza kukosha kunoita kuti pfungwa dzikwanise kugadzirisa dambudziko riripo.
Maitiro ekushandisa:
- Nyora dambudziko kana mubvunzo pachena apo munhu wese anogona kuzviona
- Nangisa zvinyoro nyoro kana pfungwa dzichienda kure kure-musoro
- Shandisa "nzvimbo yekupaka mota" kuti uwane mazano anonakidza asi ane pfungwa dzakapinza
- Dzokorora dambudziko guru nguva nenguva
- Enzanisa kutarisa nekuchinjika
Mutemo wechishanu: Edza Kuwanda
Zvazvinoreva: Gadzira mazano akawanda sezvinobvira usinganetseki nezvemhando yepamusoro kana kuti zvinogoneka panguva yekutanga.
Nei zvichikosha: Tsvagiridzo dzinogara dzichiratidza kuti huwandu hunotungamira kune mhando. Pfungwa dzekutanga dzinowanzo kuve pachena. Mhinduro dzekubudirira dzinowanzo buda mushure mekupedza kufunga kwakajairika. Sarudzo dzakawanda dzinopa mikana iri nani yekuwana mhinduro dzakanaka.
Maitiro ekushandisa:
- Isa zvinangwa zvehuwandu (semuenzaniso, "mazano makumi mashanu mumaminitsi makumi maviri")
- Shandisa matimers kuti ugadzire nguva yekukurumidzira
- Kurudzirai kugadzirwa kwemazano ekukurumidza moto
- Yeuchidzai vatori vechikamu kuti pfungwa yega yega inokosha
- Tevedzera huwandu hwepfungwa dzinoonekwa kuti uvandudze simba
Mutemo wechitanhatu: Kukurukurirana kumwe chete panguva imwe chete
Zvazvinoreva: Ramba wakatarisa nekuita kuti munhu mumwe chete ataure panguva imwe chete, uchiita shuwa kuti munhu wese anokwanisa kunzwa nekufunga nezvepfungwa imwe neimwe.
Nei zvichikosha: Hurukuro dzepadivi dzinoita ruzha runovhara pfungwa dzakanaka. Kana vanhu vachiita mabasa akawanda pakati pekuteerera nekutaura, vanorasikirwa nemikana yekuvaka kubva pane zvinoitwa nevamwe.
Maitiro ekushandisa:
- Gadzirai nzira dzakajeka dzekugadzirisa matambudziko
- Shandisa masisitimu edenderedzwa kana akasimudzwa
- Mumisangano yepaindaneti, shandisai chat kuti muwane zvinyorwa zvepadivi uye nemuromo kuti muwane pfungwa huru
- Chengetai hurukuro dzeparutivi kusvika pakupera
- Dzorerazve zvinyoro-nyoro kana hurukuro dzakawanda dzabuda
Mutemo 7: Shandisa Mifananidzo
Zvazvinoreva: Shandisa kutaurirana nemaziso, mifananidzo, madhayagiramu, uye mifananidzo kuti uratidze nekugadzira pfungwa zvinobudirira kupfuura mazwi chete.
Nei zvichikosha: Kufunga zvinoonekwa kunobata zvikamu zvakasiyana zveuropi, zvichikonzera kubatana kutsva nepfungwa. Mifananidzo iri nyore inoratidza pfungwa dzakaoma nekukurumidza kupfuura zvakanyorwa. Kunyangwe mifananidzo yetsvimbo isingapfuure mifananidzo.
Maitiro ekushandisa:
- Isa zviratidzo, manotsi anonamira, uye bepa guru kana mabhodhi machena
- Kurudzira kudhirowa, kunyangwe kune avo "vasingakwanise kudhirowa"
- Shandisa marongero ekuona (mamepu epfungwa, matrices, madhayagiramu)
- Tora pfungwa nemashoko nemifananidzo
- Shandisa zvishandiso zvedhijitari zvakaita seAhaSlides jenareta yegore remashoko mhenyu kufungidzira misoro iri kubuda
Maitiro Ekugadzirira Chikamu Chekufunga Nezvepfungwa
Kuronga pfungwa zvakanaka kunotanga vasati vapinda mukamuri. Kugadzirira zvakanaka kunovandudza zvikuru kunaka kwechikamu uye mhedzisiro yacho.
Danho 1: Tsanangura Dambudziko Racho Zvakajeka
Hunhu hwemhedzisiro yako yekufunga nezvedambudziko inoenderana zvakanyanya nekuti waronga sei dambudziko racho. Shandisa nguva yako uchinyora mhinduro yedambudziko rakajeka uye rakanangana naro.
Nzira dzakanakisisa dzekugadzirisa matambudziko:
Taura zvakananga, kwete zvisina kujeka:
- Panzvimbo pekuti: "Tinowedzera sei kutengesa?"
- Edza: "Tinowedzera sei kutengesa online kune vanhu vechidiki vari mumaguta ne20% mukota yechipiri?"
Tarisa pane zvinobuda, kwete mhinduro:
- Panzvimbo pekuti: "Tinofanira kugadzira app yefoni here?"
- Edza: "Tinoita sei kuti basa redu rive nyore kuwanikwa nevatengi vari parwendo?"
Shandisa mibvunzo yekuti "Tingazviita sei": Iyi nzira yekufunga nezvekugadzira inovhura mikana uku ichiramba yakatarisana.
- "Tingaderedza sei nguva yekumirira vatengi?"
- "Tingaita sei kuti kudzidza kuve kunonakidza kune vana vegiredhi rechishanu?"
- "Tingabatsira sei vashandi vatsva kuti vanzwe vakabatana netsika dzekambani?"
Funga nezvenyaya dzevashandisi: Ronga matambudziko kubva pamaonero emushandisi:
- "Semunhu [anoshandisa], ndinoda [chinangwa], nekuti [chikonzero]"
- "Semubereki ane zvakawanda zvekuita, ndinoda kudya zvine hutano nekukurumidza, nekuti ndine nguva shoma mushure mebasa"
Danho rechipiri: Sarudza Vatori Vechikamu Vakakodzera
Saizi yeboka yakakodzera: 5-12 vanhu
Miganho mishoma kwazvo pamaonero; yakawanda kwazvo inokonzera matambudziko ekumisa kugadzirwa kwezvinhu uye kubatanidza zvinhu.
Kusiyana-siyana kunokosha:
- Kusiyana-siyana kweruzivo: Isa maitiro akasiyana ekufunga uye nzira dzekugadzirisa matambudziko
- Kusiyana-siyana kwenzvimbo: Sanganisa nyanzvi dzenyaya nemaonero e "kunze"
- Kusiyana-siyana kwezvimiro: Isa mazinga akasiyana-siyana esangano (asi gadzirisa masimba esimba nokungwarira)
- Kusiyana-siyana kwevanhu: Mafungiro akasiyana anounza nzwisiso dzakasiyana
Ndivanaani vanofanira kusanganisira:
- Vanhu vakakanganiswa zvakananga nedambudziko iri
- Nyanzvi dzenyaya dzine ruzivo rwakakodzera
- Vafungi vane pfungwa dzekugadzira vanopikisa fungidziro
- Vane chekuita nekushandiswa kwezvirongwa vachagadzirisa matambudziko
- "Vekunze" vane maonero matsva
Vanofanira kusabatanidzwa (kana kukoka vanhu vakasarudzwa):
- Vanhu vanopikisa zvakanyanya vanogara vachiramba pfungwa dzavo
- Avo vane simba rekudzima pfungwa nguva isati yakwana
- Vanhu vane dambudziko rekuti vangakanganisa sei kutarisa
Danho rechitatu: Sarudza Nzvimbo Yakakodzera
Nzvimbo yemuviri (pamunhu):
- Nzvimbo yakakura yakashama ine fenicha inotakurika
- Nzvimbo yakawanda yemadziro yekuisa mazano ekuisa
- Chiedza chakanaka uye tembiricha yakasununguka
- Zvishoma zvinokanganisa uye zvinokanganisa
- Kuwanikwa kwezvinhu (manotsi anonamira, zviratidzo, mabhodhi machena)
Nzvimbo chaiyo:
- Puratifomu yemisangano yevhidhiyo yakavimbika
- Dhijitari chena bhodhi kana chishandiso chekushandira pamwe (Miro, Mural, AhaSlides)
- Nzira yekuchengetedza kutaurirana
- Kuongorora tekinoroji isati yatanga
- Bvisa mitemo yepakombiyuta
Kufunga nezvenguva:
- Dzivisa mangwanani-ngwanani eMuvhuro kana masikati eChishanu
- Ronga nguva iyo vatori vechikamu vanosvika pakushanda nesimba zvakanyanya
- Bvumira nguva yakakwana (kazhinji maminetsi 60-90 ematambudziko akaomarara)
- Vakai nguva dzekuzorora kwenguva refu
Danho rechina: Gadza Ajenda
Purogiramu yakajeka inoita kuti misangano ibudirire uye yakatarisana.
Muenzaniso wepurogiramu yekufunga nezvepfungwa yemaminitsi makumi mapfumbamwe:
0:00-0:10 - Kugamuchirwa nekudziya muviri
- Sumo kana zvichidikanwa
- Ongorora mitemo yekutanga
- Chiitiko chekukurumidza chekupwanya aizi
0:10-0:20 - Dambudziko rekuronga mafambiro enyaya
- Taura dambudziko racho zvakajeka
- Ipa mamiriro ezvinhu uye ruzivo rwekare
- Pindura mibvunzo inojekesa
- Goverana chero ruzivo rwakakodzera kana zvirambidzo
0:20-0:50 - Kufunga kwakasiyana-siyana (kugadzira pfungwa)
- Shandisa nzira yakasarudzwa yekufunga zvinhu (brainbrain)
- Kurudzira huwandu
- Mira kutonga
- Bata mazano ese
0:50-1:00 - Zororo
- Kugadzirisazve kwenguva pfupi
- Nguva yekugadzirisa zvisina kurongeka
1:00-1:20 - Kufunga kweConvergent (kugadziridza)
- Ronga mazano muzvikamu zvenyaya
- Sanganisa pfungwa dzakafanana
- Ongororo yekutanga ichienzaniswa nezvinodiwa
1:20-1:30 - Matanho anotevera
- Tsvaga mazano akakosha ekuvandudza zvimwe zvinhu
- Govera mabasa ekutevera
- Ronga chero mamwe maekisesaizi anodiwa
- Tenda vatori vechikamu
Danho rechishanu: Gadzirira Zvinhu Nezvishandiso
Zvinhu zvepanyama:
- Zvinyorwa zvinonamira (mavara akawanda)
- Mapeni nemakaki
- Bepa guru kana machati ekushongedza
- Whiteboard
- Madonhwe kana zvinamira zvekuvhota
- Nguva
- Kamera yekunyora zvabuda
Digital zvishandiso:
- AhaSlides yekudyidzana kwepfungwa, makore emazwi, uye kuvhota
- Bhodhi jena redhijitari (Miro, Mural, Conceptboard)
- Mind mapping software
- Gwaro rekutora pfungwa
- Kugona kugovana skrini
Danho 6: Tumira Basa Risati Raitwa (Sarudzo)
Kana paine matambudziko akaoma, funga nezvekutumira vatori vechikamu:
- Nhoroondo yedambudziko iri
- Ruzivo rwakakodzera kana tsvakurudzo
- Mibvunzo yekufunga nezvayo pachine nguva
- Kumbira kuuya nepfungwa dzekutanga nhatu kusvika shanu
- Ajenda uye logistics
Cherechedza: Enzanisa zvinhu usati watanga basa nekuzvigadzirira. Dzimwe nguva pfungwa itsva dzinobva pakugadzirira kushoma.
Matekiniki eKufukura Pfungwa Anopfuura 20 Akaratidza
Matekiniki akasiyana anokodzera mamiriro akasiyana, hukuru hwemapoka, uye zvinangwa. Iva neruzivo rwenzira idzi uye uchava nechishandiso chega chega chekugadzirisa pfungwa.
Maitiro Ekuona
Nzira idzi dzinoshandisa kufunga nemaziso kuti dzivhure hunyanzvi uye kuronga mazano akaomarara.
1. Mind Mapping
Chii chiri: Nzira yekuona inoronga pfungwa dzakatenderedza pfungwa huru, ichishandisa matavi kuratidza hukama nekubatana.
Nguva yekushandisa:
- Kuongorora misoro yakaoma ine mativi akasiyana-siyana
- Kuronga mapurojekiti kana zviri mukati
- Kuronga ruzivo rune maitiro echisikigo
- Kushanda nevanofunga nemaziso
Ainoita:
- Nyora musoro wenyaya pakati peji hombe
- Dhirowa mapazi emadingindira makuru kana mapoka
- Wedzera madiki-mapazi epfungwa dzine hukama
- Ramba uchitsvaga kuti uongorore ruzivo
- Shandisa mavara, mifananidzo, uye zviratidzo kuti uwedzere zvinoreva
- Dhirowa kubatana pakati pematavi akasiyana
zvayakanakira:
- Magirazi maitiro ekufunga kwechisikigo
- Inoratidza hukama pakati pemafungiro
- Inokurudzira kufunga kusiri kwemutsara
- Zviri nyore kuwedzera ruzivo zvishoma nezvishoma
nezvayakaipira:
- Zvinogona kuoma uye kurema
- Hazvishandi zvakanyanya pamatambudziko ari nyore, akarongeka
- Inoda nzvimbo nezvinhu zvinoonekwa
muenzaniso: Chikwata chekushambadzira chinoronga hurongwa hwekutanga chigadzirwa chinogona kunge chine mapazi evateereri vakananga, nzira, mameseji, nguva, uye bhajeti, bazi rega rega richikura kuita maitiro chaiwo uye kufunga nezvazvo.
2. Kunyora nyaya
Chii chiri: Nyaya inotevedzana inotsanangura maitiro, ruzivo, kana rwendo uchishandisa mifananidzo kana tsananguro.
Nguva yekushandisa:
- Kugadzira ruzivo rwevashandisi kana rwendo rwevatengi
- Kuronga zviitiko kana maitiro
- Kugadzira zvekushandisa pakudzidzisa
- Kugadzira zvemukati zvinoenderana nenhoroondo
Ainoita:
- Ziva pokutangira uye mamiriro ekupedzisira aunoda
- Kamura rwendo kuita zvikamu zvakakosha kana nguva
- Gadzira furemu yedanho rega rega
- Dhirowa kana tsanangura zvinoitika mufuremu yega yega
- Ratidza kubatana uye kushanduka pakati pemafuremu
- Wedzera manotsi nezvemanzwiro, marwadzo, kana mikana
zvayakanakira:
- Inofungidzira maitiro nezviitiko
- Inoona mipata nenzvimbo dzinorwadza
- Inogadzira kunzwisisana kwakagovaniswa kwezviitiko
- Inoshanda kune zviitiko zvemuviri uye zvedhijitari
nezvayakaipira:
- Zvinotora nguva yakawanda kugadzira mabhodhi enyaya ane ruzivo rwakadzama
- Zvinoda nyaradzo nekuona zvinhu
- Inogona kusimbisa zvakanyanya kufambira mberi kwemutsara
muenzaniso: Chikwata chinopa ruzivo nezvevhiki yekutanga yemushandi mutsva, chine mafreyimu anoratidza kugadzirira kwemushandi asati asvika, kusvika, sumo yechikwata, kudzidziswa kwekutanga, basa rekutanga, uye kunyoreswa kwevhiki.
3. Kudhirowa mifananidzo
Chii chiri: Kugadzira pfungwa dzinooneka nekukurumidza uko vatori vechikamu vanodhirowa pfungwa nekukurumidza, kunyangwe nehunyanzvi hushoma hwekudhirowa.
Nguva yekushandisa:
- Chigadzirwa dhizaini nekusimudzira
- Pfungwa yekushandiswa kwemushandisi
- Zviitwa zvekuisa chiratidzo chemufananidzo
- Chero purojekiti inobatsirwa nekuongorora zvinhu zvinoonekwa
Ainoita:
- Isa muganhu wenguva (kazhinji 5-10 maminitsi)
- Mumwe nemumwe ari kutora chikamu anonyora pfungwa dzake
- Hapana hunyanzvi hwekugadzira hunodiwa—zvidhori zvematanda uye maumbirwo akareruka zvinoshanda
- Goveranai uye simbisanai pamifananidzo yemumwe nemumwe
- Sanganisa zvinhu zvine simba zvikuru zvinoonekwa
zvayakanakira:
- Anosunungura mafungiro akavakirwa pamagwaro
- Inowanikwa nemunhu wese (hapana hunyanzvi hwekugadzira hunodiwa)
- Anokurukurirana pfungwa dzakaoma nekukurumidza
- Inobatanidza maitiro akasiyana ekufunga
nezvayakaipira:
- Vamwe vanhu vanoramba nekuda kwekutya kukuru
- Inogona kusimbisa chimiro kupfuura basa
- Zvingakanganisa avo vane matambudziko ekuona
4. Makumi masere Anopenga
Chii chiri: Nzira yekudhirowa mifananidzo nekukurumidza apo vatori vechikamu vanogadzira pfungwa sere dzakasiyana mumaminitsi masere, vachipedza miniti imwe chete padhirowa rega rega.
Nguva yekushandisa:
- Kusundira mberi kupfuura pfungwa dzekutanga dziri pachena
- Pfungwa dzisina nguva yakawanda
- Kugadzira mhando dzakasiyana dzemifananidzo nekukurumidza
- Zvidzidzo zvemunhu mumwe nemumwe kana zveboka diki
Ainoita:
- Peta bepa kuita zvikamu zvisere
- Gadzirisa timer kwemaminitsi gumi
- Ronga pfungwa imwe chete pachikamu chimwe nechimwe, uchipedza miniti imwe chete
- Goverana mifananidzo kana nguva yapera
- Kurukura, sanganisa, uye gadzirisa pfungwa huru
zvayakanakira:
- Zvinoita kuti munhu afunge nekukurumidza uye zvinodzivirira kufunga zvakanyanya
- Inogadzira vhoriyamu nekukurumidza
- Kutora chikamu kwakaenzana (munhu wese anogadzira mazano masere)
- Inoburitsa nzira dzakasiyana-siyana
nezvayakaipira:
- Kunzwa kumhanya-mhanya uye kunetseka
- Hunhu hunogona kukanganiswa nekuda kwekumanikidzwa kwenguva
- Hazvina kukodzera matambudziko akaomarara anoda kufungisisa zvakadzama
Maitiro Akanyarara
Maitiro aya anopa vanhu vanonyara uye vanofunga nemaune mukana wekupawo pfungwa dzavo zvine musoro, zvichideredza kutonga kwemanzwi anotaura achifara.
5. Kunyora pfungwa
Chii chiri: Kugadzira pfungwa dzemunhu mumwe nemumwe kwakanyarara apo vatori vechikamu vanonyora pfungwa vasati vagovana neboka.
Nguva yekushandisa:
- Mapoka ane hunhu hukuru
- Nhengo dzechikwata dzakaziviswa
- Kuderedza kumanikidzwa kwevanhu uye kufunga nezvemapoka
- Kuve nechokwadi chekuti mupiro wakaenzana
- Kufunga kwepfungwa kwepakombiyuta kana kusina kuenderana
Ainoita:
- Ipa mumwe nemumwe ari kutora chikamu bepa kana gwaro redhijitari
- Rondedzera dambudziko zvakajeka
- Isa muganho wenguva (maminetsi mashanu kusvika gumi)
- Vatori vechikamu vanonyora pfungwa chinyararire
- Unganidza uye goverana mazano (zvisingazivikanwe kana uchida)
- Kurukurai uye simbisai pfungwa dzenyu seboka
zvayakanakira:
- Kutora chikamu kwakaenzana zvisinei nehunhu hwemunhu
- Inoderedza kuzvidya mwoyo kwevanhu uye kutonga
- Zvinodzivirira manzwi ane simba kuti asatore simba
- Inopa nguva yekufungisisa zvakadzama
- Inoshanda zvakanaka kure
nezvayakaipira:
- Simba shoma pane kufunga nemuromo
- Anorasikirwa nepfungwa dzinovaka dzoga
- Unganzwa wakabatana kana kuti wakazviparadzanisa nevamwe
muenzaniso: Chikwata chezvigadzirwa chiri kutsvaga mazano matsva ezvishandiso. Munhu wega wega anoshandisa maminetsi gumi achinyora zvinhu, uye pfungwa dzese dzinogovaniswa pasina kuzivikanwa kuburikidza neAhaSlides. Chikwata chinovhota pamusoro pepfungwa dzepamusoro, chobva chakurukura nezvekuitwa kwadzo.
6. 6-3-5 Kunyora Pfungwa
Chii chiri: Nzira yekunyora pfungwa yakarongwa apo vanhu vatanhatu vanonyora pfungwa nhatu mumaminitsi mashanu, vozopa bepa ravo kune mumwe munhu anowedzera kana kugadzirisa pfungwa idzodzo.
Nguva yekushandisa:
- Kuvakira pane pfungwa dzemumwe nemumwe zvakarongeka
- Kugadzira mabhuku akawanda nekukurumidza (pfungwa 108 mumaminitsi makumi matatu)
- Kuve nechokwadi chekuti munhu wese anopa zvakaenzana
- Kubatanidza kufungisisa kwakanyarara nekushandira pamwe
Ainoita:
- Unganidza vatori vechikamu vatanhatu (zvinogona kuchinjika kune mamwe manhamba)
- Munhu mumwe nemumwe anonyora mazano matatu mumaminitsi mashanu
- Pfuudza mapepa kurudyi
- Verenga pfungwa dziripo wowedzera dzimwe nhatu (kuvakira pamusoro, kugadzirisa, kana kuwedzera itsva)
- Dzokorora mamwe maround mashanu (6 ese)
- Ongorora uye kurukura mazano ese
zvayakanakira:
- Inogadzira ruzha rwakanyanya zvakarongeka (vanhu 6 × pfungwa 3 × mabhora 6 = pfungwa 108)
- Inovaka kubva pamazano zvishoma nezvishoma
- Kutora chikamu kwakaenzana kunovimbiswa
- Inobatanidza kufunga kwemunhu neboka
nezvayakaipira:
- Chimiro chakasimba chinganzwa sechinodzvinyirira
- Inoda saizi chaiyo yeboka
- Pfungwa dzinogona kudzokorora mune dzimwe nguva
- Zvinotora nguva yakawanda kuti zvinhu zvese zviitwe
7. Maitiro eMapoka Emazita (NGT)
Chii chiri: Nzira yakarongeka inosanganisa kugadzira pfungwa chinyararire, kugovana, kukurukura, uye kuvhota kwevanhu kuti pfungwa dzive dzekutanga.
Nguva yekushandisa:
- Zvisarudzo zvakakosha zvinoda kubvumirana
- Mapoka ane kusaenzana kwemasimba
- Kuisa pamberi kubva pane zvakawanda zvingasarudzwa
- Kuve nechokwadi chekuti vanhu vanobatanidzwa zvakaenzana
- Nyaya dzinokakavadzana kana dzinonetsa
Ainoita:
- Chizvarwa chakanyarara: Vatori vechikamu vanonyora mazano ega ega (maminitsi mashanu kusvika gumi)
- Kugovana kwevaviri vakatenderera: Munhu wese ane pfungwa imwe chete; mufambisi webasa anonyora pfungwa dzese pasina kukurukurirana
- Kujekesa: Boka rinokurukura mazano ekunzwisisa (kwete kuongorora)
- Kusarudzwa kwemunhu mumwe nemumwe: Munhu wega wega anomira pachigaro kana kuvhota mazano ake
- Kuisa zvinhu zvakakosha muboka: Sanganisa kurongeka kwemunhu wega wega kuti uone zvinhu zvinonyanya kukosha
- Kukurukurirana: Kurukurai mazano epamusoro uye muite sarudzo
zvayakanakira:
- Inoenzanisa zvinopihwa nemunhu mumwe nemumwe uye neboka
- Inoderedza simba revanhu vane masimba
- Inogadzira kutenga-mukati kuburikidza nekutora chikamu
- Maitiro eDemocratic uye akajeka
- Inoshanda zvakanaka pamisoro inokakavadzana
nezvayakaipira:
- Zvinotora nguva yakawanda kupfuura kungofunga zvinhu zvishoma
- Chimiro chakarongeka chinganzwa chakaomarara
- Zvinogona kudzvinyirira hurukuro dzinongoitika dzoga
- Kuvhota kunogona kurerutsa nyaya dzakaoma zvakanyanya
Analytical Techniques
Nzira idzi dzinopa chimiro chekuongorora kwakarongeka, zvichibatsira mapoka kuongorora pfungwa kubva kumativi akasiyana-siyana.
8. Kuongorora kweSWOT
Chii chiri: Hurongwa hwekuongorora Simba, Kusasimba, Mikana, uye Zvipingamupinyi zvepfungwa, mazano, kana zvisarudzo.
Nguva yekushandisa:
- Strategic kuronga uye kuita sarudzo
- Kuongorora sarudzo dzakawanda
- Kuongorora kuti zvinokwanisika here usati watanga kuita
- Kuzivikanwa kwenjodzi
- Kugadzira zvebhizimisi
Ainoita:
- Tsanangura pfungwa, chirongwa, kana hurongwa hwekuongorora
- Gadzira zvikamu zvina: Simba, Kusasimba, Mikana, Zvinotyisa
- Rongedza zvinhu zvequadrant yega yega:
- Strengths: Zvinhu zvakanaka zvemukati uye zvakanakira
- Kushaya simba: Zvinhu zvisina kunaka zvemukati uye zvipingamupinyi
- Mikana: Zvinhu zvakanaka zvekunze uye mikana
- Zvinotyisidzira: Zvinhu zvisina kunaka zvekunze uye njodzi
- Kurukurai uye tangai zvinhu zvakakosha muchikamu chimwe nechimwe
- Gadzira mazano anoenderana nekuongorora
zvayakanakira:
- Maonero akazara emamiriro ezvinhu
- Inofunga nezvezvinhu zvemukati nezvekunze
- Kuziva njodzi nekukurumidza
- Inogadzira kunzwisisa kwakagovana
- Inotsigira sarudzo dzinotungamirirwa nedata
nezvayakaipira:
- Zvinogona kunge zviri zvechimbichimbi kana zvakurumidzirwa
- Zvinogona kurerutsa mamiriro ezvinhu akaoma
- Zvinoda kuongororwa kwakarurama
- Mufananidzo usingachinji (hauratidze shanduko)
9. Ngowani Nhanhatu Dzekufunga
Chii chiri: Nzira yakagadzirwa naEdward de Bono inoongorora matambudziko kubva pamaonero matanhatu akasiyana, anomiririrwa ne "ngowani" dzine mavara.
Nguva yekushandisa:
- Zvisarudzo zvakaoma zvinoda ongororo yakakwana
- Kuderedza gakava nekusawirirana
- Kuve nechokwadi chekuti maonero akawanda anotariswa
- Kubuda mumaitiro ekufunga enguva dzose
Ngowani Nhanhatu:
- Ngowani Chena: Chokwadi nedata (ruzivo rwechokwadi)
- Tsvuku Huru: Manzwiro nemanzwiro (mhinduro dzinonzwisisika)
- Black Hat: Kufunga zvakadzama (njodzi, matambudziko, nei zvingasashanda)
- Yellow Hat: Tariro uye mabhenefiti (nei zvichizoshanda, mabhenefiti)
- Ngowani yeGirini: Kugadzira zvinhu zvitsva (pfungwa itsva, dzimwe nzira, mikana)
- Ngowani yebhuruu: Kudzora maitiro (kufambisa, kuronga, matanho anotevera)
Ainoita:
- Taura nezvemaonero matanhatu ekufunga
- Munhu wese "anopfeka" ngowani imwe chete panguva imwe chete
- Ongorora dambudziko kubva pamaonero iwayo
- Chinja ngowani nenzira yakarongwa (kazhinji kwemaminitsi mashanu kusvika gumi pangowani imwe neimwe)
- Ngowani yebhuruu inobatsira uye inosarudza kurongeka kwenyaya
- Gadzirai nzwisiso kubva pamaonero ese
zvayakanakira:
- Inoparadzanisa marudzi akasiyana ekufunga
- Kunoderedza nharo (munhu wese anoongorora maonero akafanana pamwe chete)
- Inovimbisa ongororo yakazara
- Inoita kuti kufunga kwemanzwiro uye kwekugadzira kuve pamutemo
- Zvinoita kuti pfungwa dzisiyane nemaonero evanhu
nezvayakaipira:
- Zvinoda kudzidziswa uye kudzidzira
- Unogona kunzwa sewekugadzira pakutanga
- Zvinotora nguva yakawanda kuti zvinhu zvese zviitwe
- Zvinogona kurerutsa mhinduro dzakaoma dzemanzwiro
10. Kuputika kwenyeredzi
Chii chiri: Nzira yekuongorora pfungwa inogadzira mibvunzo pamusoro pepfungwa uchishandisa hurongwa hwekuti "ndiani, chii, rini, kupi, nei, uye sei".
Nguva yekushandisa:
- Kuongorora mazano zvakanaka usati watanga kushandisa
- Kuona mipata nefungidziro
- Kuronga nekugadzirira
- Kufumura matambudziko angangoitika
Ainoita:
- Dhirowa nyeredzi ine makona matanhatu ine pfungwa yako pakati
- Isa chiratidzo pachinhu chimwe nechimwe neizvi: Ndiani, Chii, Rini, Kupi, Sei, Sei
- Gadzira mibvunzo yepfungwa imwe neimwe:
- Who: Ndiani achabatsirwa? Ndiani achashandisa? Ndiani angaramba?
- Chii: Ndezvipi zvinhu zvinodiwa? Matanho api? Chii chingakanganisika?
- Apo: Izvi zvinofanira kutanga riini? Tichaona mhedzisiro riini?
- Where: Izvi zvichaitika kupi? Matambudziko angamuka kupi?
- Sei: Sei izvi zvichikosha? Sei zvingakundikana?
- Sei: Tichaita sei? Tichayera sei kubudirira?
- Kurukura mhinduro uye zvazvinoreva
- Sarudza nzvimbo dzinoda ruzivo rwakawanda kana kuronga
zvayakanakira:
- Yakarongeka uye yakakwana
- Inoburitsa pachena fungidziro nemiganhu
- Inogadzira ruzivo rwekuita
- Zviri nyore kunzwisisa uye kushandisa
- Inoshanda kune chero pfungwa kana purojekiti
nezvayakaipira:
- Kunyanya kuongorora (kwete kugadzira pfungwa)
- Zvinogona kuunza mibvunzo yakawanda
- Zvingakonzera kuoma kwekuongorora
- Zvishoma kugadzira zvinhu kupfuura mamwe matekiniki
11. Kufunga Zvakasiyana-siyana
Chii chiri: Kugadzira mazano ekuti dambudziko ringakonzereswa sei kana kuti riwedzere kuipa, wobva wadzosera pfungwa idzodzo kumashure kuti uwane mhinduro.
Nguva yekushandisa:
- Ndakabatikana nedambudziko rakaoma
- Kupfuura nepfungwa dzechinyakare
- Kuziva zvikonzero
- Zvinofungidzira zvakaoma
- Kuita kuti kugadzirisa matambudziko kunakidze uye kunakidze
Ainoita:
- Taura zvakajeka dambudziko raunoda kugadzirisa
- Reverse it: "Tingaita sei kuti dambudziko iri riwedzere kuipa?" kana kuti "Tingavimbisa sei kuti takundikana?"
- Gadzira mazano akawanda sezvinobvira ekugadzirisa dambudziko
- Chinja pfungwa yega yega kuti uone mhinduro dzingangoitika
- Ongorora uye natsa mhinduro dzakadzoserwa
- Gadzira zvirongwa zvekushandisa mazano ane tariro
muenzaniso:
- Dambudziko rekutanga: Tingavandudza sei kugutsikana kwevatengi?
- Zvakadzoserwa Tinoita sei kuti vatengi vatsamwe uye vagumbuke?
- Pfungwa dzakapindurwa: Usateerera mafoni avo, usava nehasha, tumira zvigadzirwa zvisiri izvo, usape ruzivo
- Solutions: Kuvandudza nguva yekupindura, kudzidzisa vashandi nezvebasa revatengi, kuita kuti pave nekudzora mhando, kugadzira mibvunzo yakazara inowanzo bvunzwa
zvayakanakira:
- Zvinoita kuti kugadzirisa matambudziko kunakidze uye kupe simba
- Inoburitsa pachena fungidziro dzakavanzika
- Zviri nyore kutsoropodza pane kugadzira (kushandisa simba iroro)
- Inozivisa zvikonzero
- Inobata vatori vechikamu vasina chokwadi
nezvayakaipira:
- Nzira isina kunanga kune mhinduro
- Zvingagadzira pfungwa dzisiri dzechokwadi "dzakapesana"
- Zvinoda danho rekushandura (reverse to solution)
- Zvinogona kukonzera kusakwana kana zvikasagadziriswa zvakanaka
12. Zvikonzero Zvishanu
Chii chiri: Nzira yekuongorora chikonzero chikuru inobvunza kuti "sei" kakawanda (kazhinji kashanu) kuti iongorore zviratidzo zviri pachena uye iwane matambudziko aripo.
Nguva yekushandisa:
- Kuongororwa kwedambudziko uye kuongorora chikonzero chikuru
- Kunzwisisa matambudziko kana kukundikana
- Kufambira mberi kupfuura zviratidzo kuenda kune zvinokonzera
- Matambudziko ari nyore ane cheni dzakajeka dzemhedzisiro
Ainoita:
- Taura dambudziko zvakajeka
- Bvunza kuti "Sei izvi zvichiitika?"
- Mhinduro yakavakirwa pachokwadi
- Bvunza kuti "Sei?" nezvemhinduro iyoyo
- Ramba uchibvunza kuti "Sei?" (kazhinji kashanu, asi zvingava zvakawanda kana zvishoma)
- Kana wasvika pachikonzero chikuru (haugone kubvunza kuti nei zvakare), gadzira mhinduro dzakanangana nechikonzero ichocho
muenzaniso:
- Problem: Takundikana kupedza nguva yedu yepurojekiti
- Sei? Mushumo wekupedzisira wakanga usati wagadzirira
- Sei? Ruzivo rwakakosha rwakanga rusingawanikwe
- Sei? Ongororo iyi haina kutumirwa kuvatengi
- Sei? Takanga tisina runyorwa rwevatengi rwakagadziridzwa
- Sei? Hatina nzira yekuchengetedza ruzivo rwevatengi
- Chikonzero chikuru: Kusava nehurongwa hwekutarisira data revatengi
- Solution: Shandisa CRM system nemaprotocol ekugadzirisa data
zvayakanakira:
- Nyore uye inowanikwa
- Inochera zviratidzo zvepasi pevhu
- Inoona zvikonzero zvinogona kutorwa
- Inoshanda kumarudzi akawanda ematambudziko
- Inokurudzira kufunga kwakadzama
nezvayakaipira:
- Inorerutsa matambudziko akaomarara nezvikonzero zvakawanda
- Inofungidzira hukama hwakanangana hwezvikonzero nemhedzisiro
- Rusaruro rwemuongorori runogona kutungamira kune "zvikonzero zvikuru" zvakafanotaurwa
- Zvingasava nezvinhu zvemuviri kana zvetsika
Maitiro Ekubatsirana
Nzira idzi dzinoshandisa simba remapoka uye dzinovaka kubva pahungwaru hweboka.
13. Kuronga Pfungwa dzeRound-Robin
Chii chiri: Maitiro akarongeka apo vatori vechikamu vanochinjana kugovana pfungwa imwe panguva, vachiona kuti munhu wese anopawo zvakaenzana.
Nguva yekushandisa:
- Kuve nechokwadi chekuti vanhu vanobatanidzwa zvakaenzana
- Mapoka ane hunhu hukuru
- Kugadzira runyorwa rwakakwana
- Misangano yekuonana kana yepamhepo
Ainoita:
- Garai mudenderedzwa (remuviri kana repamhepo)
- Isa mitemo yekutanga (pfungwa imwe chete padanho rega rega, pasa kana zvichidikanwa)
- Tanga nemunhu mumwe chete achipa pfungwa
- Famba uchitenderera wachi, munhu wese achigovana pfungwa imwe chete
- Ramba uchitenderera kusvika pfungwa dzapera
- Bvumira "kupfuura" kana mumwe munhu asina pfungwa itsva
- Bata pfungwa dzese zvakajeka
zvayakanakira:
- Inovimbisa kuti munhu wese anotaura
- Zvinodzivirira kutonga kwevanhu vashoma
- Yakarongeka uye inofanotaurwa
- Zviri nyore kuita kuti zvive nyore
- Inovaka kubva pane zvayaifunga kare
nezvayakaipira:
- Inogona kunzwa inononoka kana yakaoma
- Kumanikidzwa kuti vapewo zvimwe zvinhu
- Inogona kurasikirwa nekubatana kwakabatana
- Vanhu vanogona kutora nguva vachifunga pachinzvimbo chekuteerera
14. Pfungwa Inokurumidza
Chii chiri: Kugadzira pfungwa dzinokurumidza uye dzine simba guru dzine nguva yakatarwa yekudzivirira kufunga zvakanyanya uye kuwedzera huwandu.
Nguva yekushandisa:
- Kuparadzira kuongorora kwemuviri
- Kugadzira huwandu hwakawanda nekukurumidza
- Kupa simba boka
- Kusundira mberi kupfuura pfungwa dziri pachena
Ainoita:
- Isa muganho wenguva inonetsa (kazhinji maminetsi mashanu kusvika gumi nemashanu)
- Chinangwa chehuwandu chaihwo
- Gadzira mazano nekukurumidza sezvinobvira
- Hapana hurukuro kana ongororo panguva yekugadzirwa
- Bata zvese, zvisinei nekuti zvakaoma sei
- Ongorora uye gadzirisa kana nguva yapera
zvayakanakira:
- Simba guru uye rinonakidza
- Zvinodzivirira kufunga zvakanyanya
- Inogadzira vhoriyamu nekukurumidza
- Anoputsa kuda kukwana
- Inogadzira kukurumidza
nezvayakaipira:
- Hunhu hunogona kukanganiswa
- Zvinogona kushungurudza
- Zvingangofarirwa nevanhu vanokurumidza kufunga pane vanhu vanofungisisa zvakadzama
- Zvakaoma kubata pfungwa nekukurumidza zvakakwana
15. Kugadzira Mepu yeAffinity
Chii chiri: Kuronga pfungwa dzakawanda mumapoka akafanana kuti vaone maitiro, dingindira, uye zvinokosheswa.
Nguva yekushandisa:
- Mushure mekugadzira mazano akawanda
- Kugadzira ruzivo rwakaoma
- Kuziva dingindira nemapatani
- Kuvaka kubvumirana pamusoro pezvikamu
Ainoita:
- Gadzira mazano (uchishandisa chero nzira)
- Nyora pfungwa imwe neimwe papepa rinonamira rakasiyana
- Ratidza pfungwa dzese zvinooneka
- Gadzirai pfungwa dzine chekuita pamwe chete chinyararire
- Gadzira mazita echikwata cheboka rega rega
- Kurukurai nekunatsa mapoka
- Isa pfungwa dzako pamberi pezvikamu kana mazano ari muzvikamu
zvayakanakira:
- Zvinonzwisisika nezvemaseti makuru epfungwa
- Inoratidza mapatani nedingindira
- Kushanda pamwe chete uye gutsaruzhinji
- Zvinoonekwa uye zvinobatika
- Kunovaka kunzwisisana kwakabatana
nezvayakaipira:
- Haisi nzira yekugadzira pfungwa (kuronga chete)
- Zvinogona kutora nguva yakawanda nepfungwa dzakawanda
- Kusabvumirana pakuiswa mumapoka
- Mamwe mazano anogona kukodzera zvikamu zvakasiyana-siyana
Maitiro Akavakirwa Pamibvunzo
Nzira idzi dzinoshandisa mibvunzo kwete mhinduro kuti dzivhure maonero matsva.
16. Mibvunzo Inoputika
Chii chiri: Nzira yakagadzirwa napurofesa weMIT Hal Gregersen apo mapoka anogadzira mibvunzo yakawanda sezvinobvira munguva pfupi, pane mhinduro.
Nguva yekushandisa:
- Matambudziko ekugadzirisa mafambiro ebasa
- Zvinofungidzira zvakaoma
- Kusagadzikana
- Kuona matambudziko kubva kumativi matsva
Ainoita:
- Ipa dambudziko iri mumaminitsi maviri (ruzivo rwakanyanya, rushoma)
- Isa nguva kwemaminitsi mana
- Gadzira mibvunzo yakawanda sezvinobvira (vavarira kuva nemakore anopfuura 15)
- Mitemo: Mibvunzo chete, hapana zviziviso zvekutanga, hapana mibvunzo inopindurwa
- Ongorora mibvunzo uye sarudza iyo inonyanya kutsamwisa
- Sarudza mibvunzo yepamusoro yekuongorora zvakawanda
zvayakanakira:
- Inogadzirisa matambudziko nekukurumidza
- Zviri nyore pane kugadzira mhinduro
- Inofumura fungidziro
- Inogadzira maonero matsva
- Inonakidza uye inopa simba
nezvayakaipira:
- Hazvigadziri mhinduro zvakananga
- Zvinoda kuteverwa kuti upindure mibvunzo
- Unogona kunzwa kushushikana pasina mhinduro
- Zvingangopa nzira dzakawanda dzekuti utevere
17. Mibvunzo Yedu (HMW) Ingatibatsira Sei
Chii chiri: Nzira yekufunga nezvekugadzira inotsanangura matambudziko semikana uchishandisa chimiro chekuti "Tingazviita sei ...".
Nguva yekushandisa:
- Kutsanangura matambudziko ekugadzira
- Kugadzirisa matambudziko asina kunaka semikana yakanaka
- Kutanga kwezvirongwa zvepfungwa
- Kugadzira zvirevo zvematambudziko ane tariro uye anogona kutorwa
Ainoita:
- Tanga nedambudziko kana nzwisiso
- Rongazve mubvunzo wekuti "Tingazviita sei ..."
- Gadzira:
- Zvakanaka (inofungidzira kuti mhinduro dziripo)
- Open (inobvumira mhinduro dzakawanda)
- Actionable (zvinoratidza gwara rakajeka)
- Hazvina kunyanyo fara or yakamanikana zvakanyanya
- Gadzira mhando dzakasiyana dzeHMW
- Sarudza HMW inonyatso vimbisa kuti ugadzirise matambudziko
zvayakanakira:
- Inogadzira hurongwa hwekutarisira mikana uye hune tariro
- Inovhura nzira dzakawanda dzekugadzirisa
- Inoshandiswa zvakanyanya mukufunga nezvekugadzira
- Zviri nyore kudzidza uye kushandisa
- Inochinja mafungiro kubva padambudziko kuenda pakugoneka
nezvayakaipira:
- Hazvigadziri mhinduro (zvinongogadzirisa mibvunzo)
- Inogona kunzwa seyakagadziriswa
- Njodzi yemibvunzo yakakura kana isina kujeka
- Zvingangoita kuti matambudziko akaomarara anyanye kurerutswa
Advanced Matekiniki
18. SCAMPER
Chii chiri: Ongororo yakavakirwa pachidimbu inokurudzira kufunga kwekugadzira nekushandura pfungwa dziripo zvakarongeka.
SCAMPER Inokurudzira:
- Chinotsiva: Chii chinogona kutsiviwa kana kutsiviwa?
- Gadzirai: Chii chinogona kusanganiswa kana kubatanidzwa?
- Adap: Chii chinogona kugadziriswa kuti chishandiswe zvakasiyana?
- Gadzirisa/Kukudza/Kusimbisa: Chii chinogona kuchinjwa muhukuru kana hunhu?
- Shandisazve: Izvi zvingashandiswa sei zvimwe?
- Bvisa: Chii chinogona kubviswa kana kurerutswa?
- Kudzokera shure/Kuronga patsva: Chii chinogona kuitwa nenzira yakasiyana kana kuti nenzira yakasiyana?
Nguva yekushandisa:
- Kuvandudzwa kwechigadzirwa uye innovation
- Kuvandudza mhinduro dziripo
- Kana paine dambudziko
- Zviitwa zvekugadzira zvinhu zvakarongeka
Ainoita:
- Sarudza chigadzirwa, maitiro, kana pfungwa iripo
- Shandisa chikumbiro chega chega cheSCAMPER zvakarongeka
- Gadzira mazano echikamu chimwe nechimwe
- Sanganisa shanduko dzinovimbisa
- Ongorora kuti zvinokwanisika here uye zvazvinobatsira
zvayakanakira:
- Yakarongeka uye yakazara
- Inoshanda kune chero pfungwa iripo kana chigadzirwa
- Zviri nyore kurangarira (chidimbu)
- Masimba ekutsvaga nzira dzakasiyana-siyana
- Yakanakira maworkshop ekugadzira zvinhu zvitsva
nezvayakaipira:
- Inovaka papfungwa dziripo (kwete papfungwa itsva zvechokwadi)
- Inogona kunzwa seyakajairwa
- Inogadzira pfungwa dzakawanda dzisina kunaka
- Zvinoda pfungwa yakasimba iripo kuti utange
Kusarudza Nzira Yakarurama
Nematekiniki anopfuura makumi maviri aripo, unosarudza sei? Funga nezve:
Saizi yeboka:
- Mapoka maduku (2-5): Kubvunza mibvunzo, kufunga nekukurumidza, KUKANDA-KANDA
- Mapoka epakati nepakati (6-12): Kunyora pfungwa, denderedzwa, Ngowani Nhanhatu Dzekufunga
- Mapoka makuru (13+): Kugadzira mepu yekubatana, nzira yemapoka emazita
Zvinangwa zvechikamu:
- Huwandu hwakanyanya: Pfungwa dzinokurumidza, crazy eights, round-robin
- Kuongorora kwakadzama: SWOT, Ngowani Nhanhatu Dzekufunga, Zvikonzero Zvishanu
- Kutora chikamu kwakaenzana: Kunyora pfungwa, nzira yeboka remazita
- Kufunga nemaziso: Mepu yepfungwa, kugadzira storyboard, sketchstorming
- Kuongorora dambudziko: Zvikonzero zvishanu, kufungidzira pfungwa nenzira yekudzokera shure
Maitiro echikwata:
- Hunhu hukuru: Kunyora pfungwa, nzira yeboka remazita
- Chikwata chine vanhu vanongogara vachizvifunga: Maitiro akanyarara
- Chikwata chisinganzwisisike: Kufunga nepfungwa dzakasiyana, Ngowani Nhanhatu Dzekufunga
- Ndinoda maonero matsva: Mibvunzo yakawanda, SVONDORORA
Maitiro Ekukurukura Pfungwa Nhanho Nenhanho
Tevedzera hurongwa uhwu hwakasimbiswa kuti utange zvidzidzo zvinobudirira zvepfungwa kubva pakutanga kusvika pakupera.
Danho 1: Kudziisa (maminitsi mashanu kusvika gumi)
Kutanga kutonhora kunounza runyararo rusina kunaka uye pfungwa dzisina musoro. Dziisa tsandanyama dzekugadzira nekuita zvinhu nekukurumidza.
Zvinopwanya aizi zvinobudirira:
Kugovana nyaya kunonyadzisa
Unogona kukumbira munhu wega wega kuti agovane nyaya inonyadzisa ine chekuita nebasa rake, yakaita sekuti 'Goverana nyaya yako inotyisa "yakapindurwa" zvakanyanya.' Izvi zvinoumba hukama hwakabatana pakati pevatori vechikamu uye zvinoita kuti munhu wese anzwe akasununguka nemumwe nemumwe munguva pfupi.
Chitsuwa chegwenga
Bvunzai munhu wese kuti zvinhu zvitatu zvavangade kana vakangogara pachitsuwa chepagwenga kwegore rimwe chete.
Chokwadi maviri Nhema
Munhu mumwe nemumwe anotaura zvinhu zvitatu pamusoro pake—zviviri zvechokwadi, chimwe chenhema. Vamwe vanofungidzira nhema.
Quick quiz
Mhanya bvunzo inonakidza yemaminitsi mashanu uchishandisa AhaSlides pane imwe nyaya isina kuoma.
Chikamu chechipiri: Kugadzira Matambudziko (maminitsi mashanu kusvika gumi nemashanu)
Taura dambudziko racho zvakajeka:
- Taura dambudziko zviri nyore uye zvakananga
- Ipa mamiriro ezvinhu akakodzera uye ruzivo rwakakosha
- Goverana zvinhu zvakakosha (bhajeti, nguva, zviwanikwa)
- Tsanangura kuti sei kugadzirisa izvi kuchikosha
- Tsanangura kuti kubudirira kwakaita sei
- Pindura mibvunzo inojekesa
Chikamu chechitatu: Kufunga kwakasiyana-siyana - Kugadzira Pfungwa (maminetsi makumi maviri kusvika makumi mana)
Iri ndiro danho guru rekufunga nezvepfungwa. Shandisa nzira imwe chete kana kupfuura kubva muchikamu chapfuura.
Mitemo yakakosha:
- Shandisai mitemo 7 yekufunga zvakadzama
- Kurudzira vhoriyamu kupfuura kunaka
- Bata pfungwa dzese zvakajeka
- Chengetedza simba rakawanda
- Dzivisa kuongororwa kana kutsoropodzwa
- Isa miganhu yenguva yakajeka
Kushandisa AhaSlides kugadzira pfungwa:
- Gadzira slide yekufunga nezvedambudziko rako uchishandisa chirevo chako chedambudziko
- Vatori vechikamu vanotumira mazano kubva kumafoni avo
- Pfungwa dzinoonekwa pachiratidziro
- Munhu wese anogona kuona muunganidzwa wese uye kuvhota mazano akanakisa echikamu chinotevera
Chikamu chechina: Zororo (maminitsi mashanu kusvika gumi)
Usapotsa nguva yekuzorora! Izvi zvinobvumira pfungwa kuti dzigare kwenguva refu, simba rekugadzirisa zvinhu, uye kuchinja kwepfungwa kubva kuchizvarwa kuenda kuchimiro chekuongorora.
Chikamu 5: Kufunga Kwakabatana - Kuronga & Kugadzirisa (maminetsi 15-30)
Danho 1: Ronga mazano - Boka pfungwa dzakafanana uchishandisa mapping yehukama:
- Ronga pfungwa chinyararire muzvikamu zvine chekuita nemusoro
- Gadzira mazita ezvikamu
- Kurukurai nezvemapoka uye kunatsa
- Ziva mapatani
Danho rechipiri: Kujekesa mazano
- Ongorora mazano asina kujeka
- Kumbira vanopa mazano kuti vatsanangure
- Sanganisa pfungwa dzakapetwa kana dzakafanana zvakanyanya
- Bata chinangwa, kwete mashoko chete
Danho rechitatu: Ongororo yekutanga - Isa mafirita anokurumidza:
- Zvinogadzirisa dambudziko here?
- Zvinokwanisika here (kunyangwe zvichinetsa)?
- Zvitsva/zvakasiyana zvakakwana kuti zvitevedzwe here?
Danho rechina: Kuvhota pamusoro pepfungwa dzepamusoro -Shandisa nzira dzekuvhota dzakawanda kuti uwane sarudzo dzakamanikana:
- Ipa munhu mumwe nemumwe mavhoti 3-5
- Unogona kuvhota kakawanda pane imwe pfungwa kana uchida zvakanyanya
- Mavhoti akaverengwa
- Kurukurai mazano mashanu kusvika gumi epamusoro
Kushandisa AhaSlides pakuvhota:
- Wedzera pfungwa huru kune slide yekuvhota
- Vatori vechikamu vanovhota kubva pamafoni avo
- Mhedzisiro inoratidzwa mhenyu
- Ona zvinhu zvinonyanya kukosha ipapo ipapo
Chikamu 6: Matanho Anotevera (maminitsi mashanu kusvika gumi)
Usapera usina zvinhu zvakajeka zvekuita:
Ipa muridzi:
- Ndiani achawedzera pfungwa imwe neimwe yepamusoro?
- Vachadzoka riini?
- Ndezvipi zvinhu zvavanoda?
Ronga kuteverwa kwezvinotevera:
- Gadza zuva rehurukuro inotevera
- Sarudza kuti ndeapi ongororo inodiwa
- Gadzira nguva yekusarudza
Nyora zvese:
- Bata mazano ese
- Chengetedza zvikamu nemisoro
- Sarudzo dzakanyorwa dzakaitwa
- Goverana pfupiso nevatori vechikamu vese
Tenda vatori vechikamu
Kuronga Pfungwa dzeMamiriro Akasiyana
Kukurukurirana Kwepfungwa Nebhizinesi Nebasa
Zvakajairika kunyorera:
- Kugadzira chigadzirwa uye pfungwa dzezvinhu
- Mishandirapamwe yekushambadzira uye nzira dzekushandisa zviri mukati
- Matanho ekuvandudza maitiro
- Strategic kuronga
- Masangano ekugadzirisa matambudziko
Zvinhu zvebhizinesi:
- Simba remagetsi: Vatungamiriri vakuru vanogona kudzikamisa pfungwa dzechokwadi
- Kumanikidzwa kweROI: Enzanisa rusununguko rwekugadzira zvinhu nemiganhu yebhizinesi
- Zvinodiwa zvinoenderana nezvinodiwa: Sanganisira madhipatimendi akasiyana-siyana
- Chinangwa chekushandisa: Pedzisa nezvirongwa chaizvo zvekuita
Mienzaniso yemibvunzo yekufunga nezvebhizinesi:
- "Ndedzipi nzira dzatinofanira kutarisa padziri kuti tiwedzere kukura kwemari?"
- "Tingasiyanisa sei chigadzirwa chedu mumusika wakazara vanhu?"
- "Ndeupi hunhu hwakakodzera hwevatengi vedu pabasa redu idzva?"
- "Tingaderedza sei mutengo wekutenga vatengi ne30%?"
- "Ndezvipi mabasa atinofanira kuhaya mushure mezvo uye nei?"
Kudzidzisa Pfungwa
Zvakajairika kunyorera:
- Rondedzero nekuronga mapurojekiti
- Mabasa eboka uye mharidzo
- Zviitwa zvekunyora zvine hunyanzvi
- Kugadzirisa matambudziko eSTEM
- Kukurukurirana mukirasi
Zvinhu zvinofungwa nezvazvo pakudzidza:
- Skill development: Shandisa pfungwa dzepfungwa kudzidzisa kufunga zvakadzama
- Makore akasiyana-siyana: Gadzirisa matekiniki ekukura
- Kuongorora: Funga kuti ungaongorora sei kutora chikamu zvakanaka
- Kuzvipira: Ita kuti zvinakidze uye zvive nekutaurirana nevamwe
- Vadzidzi vakanyarara: Shandisa matekiniki ekuona kuti munhu wese anobatsira
Mienzaniso yemibvunzo yekudzidzisa pfungwa:
Chikoro chepuraimari (K-5):
- "Ndeipi nzira yakanakisisa yekuenda kuchikoro uye nei?"
- "Dai waigona kugadzira chero chinhu, chingave chii?"
- "Tingaita sei kuti kirasi yedu inakidze?"
Chikoro chepakati:
- "Tingaderedza sei marara muresitorendi yedu?"
- "Ndeapi maonero akasiyana pamusoro pechiitiko ichi chenhoroondo?"
- "Tingagadzira sei purogiramu yechikoro iri nani?"
Chikoro chepamusoro:
- "Ndeipi nzira yakanakisisa yekuyera kubudirira kwenyika?"
- "Tinofanira kugadzirisa sei shanduko yemamiriro ekunze munharaunda yedu?"
- "Ndeipi basa rinofanira kuitwa nesocial media mudzidzo?"
Koreji/yunivhesiti:
- "Tingafungidzira sei dzidzo yepamusoro yezana remakore rechi21?"
- "Ndeipi mibvunzo yekutsvagisa inonyanya kukosha mubasa redu?"
- "Tingaita sei kuti tsvakurudzo yezvedzidzo ive nyore kuwana?"
Kukurukurirana Kure uye Kusanganisa Kufunga
Matambudziko akakosha:
- Zvipingamupinyi zvetekinoroji nematambudziko ekubatana
- Kuderedza kutaurirana pasina kutaura
- "Kuneta kwekuwedzera" uye nguva pfupi yekutarisa
- Kuoma kuvaka simba uye simba
- Time zone coordination
Maitiro akanaka:
Kugadzirwa kwetekinoroji:
- Edza zvishandiso zvese usati watanga
- Iva nenzira dzekuchengetedza dzekutaurirana
- Shandisa mabhodhi machena edhijitari (Miro, Mural)
- Shandisa AhaSlides kuti utore chikamu pamwe chete
- Rekodha zvidzidzo zvevaya vasingakwanise kupinda mhenyu
Kugadziriswa kwekubatsira:
- Zvidzidzo zvipfupi (zvisingapfuure maminetsi 45-60)
- Kumbozorora kakawanda (maminitsi makumi maviri kusvika makumi matatu ega ega)
- Kuchinjana pachena
- Shandisa chat kuti ufunge zvimwe zvinhu
- Matekiniki akarongeka zvakanyanya
Engagement strategies:
- Gara wakabatidza makamera kana zvichibvira
- Shandisa maitiro uye ma emojis kuti upe mhinduro nekukurumidza
- zvireruke musarudzo uye zvinhu zvekuvhota
- Dzimba dzekubhuroka dzebasa reboka diki
- Zvikamu zvisina kurongeka zvezvikwata zvepasi rose
Kufunga Pfungwa Uri Wega
Nguva yekufunga nezvenyaya yako wega:
- Mapurojekiti ega uye zvisarudzo
- Basa risati raitwa musati matanga mapoka
- Mapurojekiti ekunyora nekugadzira
- Kana uchida kutarisisa zvakadzama
Maitiro anoshanda ega ega:
- Mind mepu
- Kusununguka
- SCAMPER
- Zvishanu Sei
- Mibvunzo yakawanda
- Kufamba uchifungisisa pfungwa
Mazano ekufunga uri wega:
- Isa miganhu yenguva chaiyo
- Chinja nzvimbo kuti uchinje mafungiro ako
- Zorora uye rega mazano akurudzire
- Taura zvinonzwika iwe pachako
- Usazviongorora pakutanga
- Ongorora uye gadzirisa mune imwe nguva yakasiyana
Kugadzirisa Matambudziko Anowanzo sangana Nepfungwa
Dambudziko: Manzwi Ane Hunhu Hwakanaka
Zviratidzo:
- Vanhu vaviri kana vatatu vakafanana vanopa mazano akawanda
- Vamwe vanoramba vakanyarara kana kuti vasingadi kubatanidzwa
- Pfungwa dzinovaka munzira imwe chete
Solutions:
- Shandisa denderedzwa kuti uve nechokwadi chekuti matenderere akaenzana
- Shandisa nzira yekunyora pfungwa kana yeboka revanhu
- Isa mutemo wakajeka wekuti "hapana chinovhiringidza"
- Shandisa maturusi ekutumira asingazivikanwe seAhaSlides
- Ita kuti mudzidzisi ashevedze vatori vechikamu vakanyarara
- Kamurana kuita mapoka madiki
Dambudziko: Kunyarara uye Kusatora Chikamu
Zviratidzo:
- Kumbomira kwenguva refu kusinganzwisisike
- Vanhu vanotaridzika kugadzikana
- Pfungwa shoma kana kuti dzisina kugoverwa dziri kugoverwa
- Kushaya simba muimba
Solutions:
- Tanga nekudziisa muviri zvinofadza
- Tanga watanga wafunga nezvepfungwa dzako wega, wozogovana
- Ita kuti kutumira kusazivikanwe
- Deredza kukura kweboka
- Tarisa kana dambudziko racho ranzwisiswa zvakanaka
- Goverana mazano emuenzaniso wekugadzira pombi
- Shandisa matekiniki akarongeka zvakanyanya
Dambudziko: Kutonga Nekutsoropodzwa Pamberi Penguva Yakwana
Zviratidzo:
- Vanhu vachiti "Izvo hazvishande" kana kuti "Takaedza izvozvo"
- Pfungwa dziri kuraswa pakarepo
- Mhinduro dzekudzivirira kubva kune vanogovana pfungwa
- Kuvandudzwa kuri kudzikira sezvo musangano uchienderera mberi
Solutions:
- Dzokorora mutemo wekuti "kunonoka kutonga"
- Tungamira mashoko ekutsoropodza zvinyoro nyoro
- Funga nezvekurambidza zvirevo zvakaita sekuti "Hongu, asi..."
- Tevedzera mutauro usingatongi semubatsiri
- Shandisa matekiniki anoparadzanisa kugadzirwa kubva pakuongorora
- Kusiyanisa vanhu kubva kupfungwa (kutumira kusingazivikanwe)
Dambudziko: Kusava Nepfungwa Dzakanaka Kana Kupererwa Nepfungwa
Zviratidzo:
- Pfungwa dziri kunonoka kusvika pakudonha
- Kudzokorora pfungwa dzakafanana
- Vatori vechikamu vachiratidzika kuneta mupfungwa
- Kumbomira kwenguva refu pasina mipiro mitsva
Solutions:
- Chinja kune imwe nzira
- Zorora wodzoka wanyatsozorora
- Bvunza mibvunzo inokurudzira:
- "[Mukwikwidzi/nyanzvi] aizoitei?"
- "Ko dai taiva nebhajeti risingaperi?"
- "Ndeipi pfungwa inopenga yatingaedza?"
- Ongororazve chirevo chedambudziko (chigadzirise patsva)
- Shandisa SCAMPER kana imwe nzira yakarongeka
- Uyai nemaonero matsva
Dambudziko: Matambudziko Ekutarisira Nguva
Zviratidzo:
- Kumhanya zvakanyanya nekufamba kwenguva
- Matanho akakosha ekukurumidza
- Kusasvika padanho rekugadzirisa kana rekuita sarudzo
- Vatori vechikamu vachitarisa wachi kana mafoni
Solutions:
- Isa miganhu yenguva yakajeka pachine nguva
- Shandisa nguva inoonekwa
- Sarudza munhu anochengeta nguva
- Ramba uri pane zvawaronga
- Iva nechido chekuwedzera zvishoma kana zvichibudirira
- Ronga nguva yekutevera kana zvichidikanwa
- Shandisa nzira dzinoshanda nguva yakawanda
Dambudziko: Kusawirirana uye Kusawirirana
Zviratidzo:
- Kusawirirana pakati pevatori vechikamu
- Mutauro wemuviri wekudzivirira kana wehasha
- Nharo pamusoro pemazano
- Kurwiswa kwemunhu (kunyangwe kwakavanzika)
Solutions:
- Mira wodzokorora mitemo yekutanga
- Yeuchidzai munhu wese pfungwa dzese dzinoshanda muchikamu chino
- Kusiyanisa vanhu nepfungwa
- Shandisa Ngowani yeBlue (Ngowani Nhanhatu Dzekufunga) kuti utarise patsva
- Zorora kuti uzorore
- Kukurukurirana pachivande nevanhu vari kukakavadzana
- Tarisa pane zvinangwa netsika zvakafanana
Dambudziko: Matambudziko eTechnical eVirtual Session
Zviratidzo:
- Matambudziko ekubatanidza
- Matambudziko emhando yeaudio/video
- Matambudziko ekuwana zvishandiso
- Vatori vechikamu vachisiya
Solutions:
- Iva nenzira yekuchengetedza yekutaurirana
- Edza tekinoroji usati watanga
- Goverana mirairo yakajeka pachine nguva
- Rekodha chikamu chevaya vane matambudziko
- Iva nesarudzo yekutora chikamu pasina Indaneti
- Chengeta zvidzidzo zvipfupi
- Shandisa maturusi ari nyore uye akavimbika
- Iva nemunhu wekubatsira pabasa rehunyanzvi aripo
