Slides (164)
1 -
which of the following cells release hormones that act on neighboring cells
1. autocrine
2. none of the above
3. paracrine
4. endocrine
2 -
3 -
which of the following is not true regarding hormone secreation rate
1. under hormonal control
2. influenced by metabolites
3. involves ANS regulation
4. most hormones are secreated at a constant rate
4 -
5 -
which of the following is/are not an example of hormones involved in negative feedback
1. oxytocin
2. progesterone
3. estrogen
4. thyroid hormone
6 -
7 -
hormones are dissolved in blood plasma and are transported in what form
1. none of the above
2. both
3. bound
4. free
8 -
9 -
once secreated the hormones response will be affected by its half life. which of the following will shorten the half life of a hormone
1. all of the above
2. conjugation
3. active transport
4. metabolism
5. excretion
10 -
11 -
which of the following hormones is a glycoprotein
1. estrogens
2. oxytocin
3. insulin
4. LH
12 -
13 -
which of the following hormones is an amino acid derivative
1. prostacyclins
2. prolactin
3. melatonin
4. calcitonin
14 -
15 -
which hormone is not lipid soluble
1. NO
2. parathyroid
3. thyroid
4. steroid
16 -
17 -
membrane-bound receptors bind to which of the following types of hormones
1. large molecular weight
2. lipid soluble
3. water soluble
18 -
19 -
down regulation occurs when there is/an ____of hormone, this causes a/an ______in the number of receptors and _____ sensitivity
1. excess, decrease, decrease
2. deficiency, increase, increase
3. deficiency, decrease, decrease
4. excess, increase, increase
20 -
21 -
which of the following methods is NOT used to desensitize target cell receptors
1. sequestration
2. upstream signaling inactivation
3. inactivation
4. degradation
22 -
23 -
which of the following is NOT true regarding the action of lipid-soluble hormones
1. binds to receptors that turn specific genes on/off
2. New proteins alter cells activity
3. new mRNA is formed
4. uses active transport to enter the cell
24 -
25 -
hormones that use intracellular receptors are
1. not long lsting
2. long-lasting
3. fast-acting
4. slow-acting
26 -
27 -
1. G- protein
- activates adenylate cyclase
2. receptor protein
- activates G-protein
3. cAMP
- 2nd messenger
4. internal membrane proteins
- 1st messenger
28 -
29 -
1. phosphodiesterase
- inactivates cAMP
2. kinases
- alter physiological response times
3.
-
4.
-
30 -
31 -
which of the following is NOT found in the cell membrane phospholipid 2nd messenger system
1. PIP2
2. IP3
3. DHAP
4. DAG
32 -
33 -
what type of effect is seen when a hormone strengthens the effects of the initial hormone present
1. none of the above
2. permissive
3. synergistic
4. antagonistic
34 -
35 -
a shift of the dose-response curve upward would demonstrate a/an ______ in ______
1. increase, sensitivity
2. decrease , sensitivity
3. increase, responsiveness
4. decreae, responsiveness
36 -
37 -
a shift of the dose response curve to the____will show a decrease in_____, a ______ in affinity of the receptors, a _____in half life and will demonstrate _____of a competitive inhibitor
1. left, sensitivity, decrease, decrease, presence
2. right, responsiveness, decrease, decrease, presence
3. right, sensitivity, decrease, decrease, presence
4. left, sensitivity, decrease, decrease, absence
38 -
39 -
a scatchard plot can be used to determine the following
1. affinity of multiple recptors for hormones
2. half-life
3. Ka
4. number of receptors
40 -
41 -
radioimmune assay can be used to determine the following
1. none of the above
2. both A and B
3. effectiveness of a particular hormone
4. amount of hormone present in a sample
42 -
43 -
which structure is Rathke's pouch associated with
1. hypothalamus
2. posterior lobe of pituitary
3. anterior lobe of pituitary
4. infundibulum
44 -
45 -
ADH is mostly synthesized in the ____nucleus which is associated with the _____ pituitary
1. paraventricular, posterior
2. paraventricular, anterior
3. supra-optic, posterior
4. supra-optic, anterior
46 -
47 -
which of the following is/are NOT true regarding the anterior pituitary
1. releases TRH
2. releases TSH
3. uses hypothalamohypophysial portal system
4. uses hypothalamohypophysial tract
48 -
49 -
which of the following hormones has dopamine as its inhibiting hormone
1. TSH
2. MSH
3. LH
4. FSH
50 -
51 -
somatostatin is also known as
1. GHIH
2. PIH
3. GHRH
4. PRH
52 -
53 -
which of the following is NOT true regarding human growth hormone
1. causes hypertrophy and hyperplasia of cells
2. produced by somatotrophs
3. stimulates gluconeogensis in the kidneys
4. increase synthesis of insulin-like growth factors
54 -
55 -
what effect does low blood sugar have on the regulation of human growth hormone
1. inhibits release of GHIH
2. stimulates the release of GHIH
3. inhibits release of GHRH
4. stimulates release of GHRH
56 -
57 -
excess of growth hormone may lead to ____resistance and _____intolerance; this is known as the diabetogenic effect
1. insulin, insulin
2. glucose, insulin
3. insulin, glucose
4. glucose, glucose
58 -
59 -
somatomedians are released by target tissues and have an____effect on the anterior pituitary and a ____effect on the hypothalamus
1. inhibitory, inhibitiory
2. inhibitory, excititory
3. excititory, excititory
4. excititory, inhibitory
60 -
61 -
growth hormone secreation reaches its peak during puberty. if elevated levels of growth hormone cont. into adult life what condition will result
1. giantism
2. acromegaly
3. dwarfism
62 -
63 -
which of the following is NOT true regarding LH
1. leads to the secretion of progesterone in females
2. causes ovulation of secondary oocyte
3. stimulates sperm production
4. stimulates the secretion of testosterone in males
64 -
65 -
which of the following is true regarding prolactin
1. causes milk production
2. increased release during the day
3. stimulates ovulation
4. causes milk letdown
66 -
67 -
which of the following is NOT true regarding MSH
1. helps regulate circadian rhythm
2. release stimulated by CRH
3. released from anterior pituitary
4. secreated by corticotroph cells
68 -
69 -
a disruption of the hypothalamohypophysial tract may lead to the following
1. increased plasma osmolarity
2. diabetes insipidus
3. increase milk letdown
4. decrease blood volume
70 -
71 -
which of the following is true regarding the pineal gland
1. secretes melanin
2. is associated with the diencephalon
3. recieves parsympathetic innervation
4. known as the hypophysis
72 -
73 -
which of the following hormones is/are released during the night
1. cortisol
2. melatonin
3. prolactin
4. melanin
5. GH
74 -
75 -
consider the thyroid gland: which statement is correct
1. parafollicular cells store TSH
2. parafollicular cells secrete calcitonin
3. parafollicular cells stores thyroid hormone
4. parafollicular cells secrete calcitriol
76 -
77 -
where is T4 converted to T3
1. pituitary
2. adrenal medulla
3. kidney
4. liver
78 -
79 -
which of the following steps does NOT utilize thyroid peroxidase
1. coupling reactions
2. organification to iodine
3. conversion of T4 to T3
4. conversionof iodine to iodine
80 -
81 -
thyroid peroxidase is inhibited by which of the following
1. propylthiouracil (PTU)
2. thyroglobulin
3. tissue iodinases
4. thyroid peroxidase-inhibiting hormone
82 -
83 -
which of the following is NOT associated with thyroid hormones
1. transported in bound form
2. lipid soluble
3. calorigenic
4. increase in blood Ca++ levels
84 -
85 -
which of the following is NOT an effect of thyroid hormones on the body
1. increased lipolysis
2. increased cardiac output
3. decrease in Na+/K+ATPase
4. bone maturation
86 -
87 -
which of the following hormones causes an increase in glucose levels
1. glucagon
2. epinephrine/ norepinephrine
3. thryroid
4. GH
88 -
89 -
hyperthyroidism causes the following
1. myxedema
2. exophtalamos
3. hypo-reflexia
4. weight loss
90 -
91 -
hypothyroidism is caused by
1. cushing;s disease
2. hashimoto's thyroiditis
3. addisions disease
4. graves disease
92 -
93 -
A____in TSH with a/an______ in T3 and T4 is indicative of primary hyperthyroidism
1. decrease, decrease
2. increase, decrease
3. decrease, increase
4. increase, increase
94 -
95 -
which of the following is NOT true regarding parathyroid hormone (PTH)
1. directly promotes absorption od Ca++ and Mg++
2. targets bone and kidneys
3. inhibits reabsorption of phosphate
4. produced by principal (cheif) cells
96 -
97 -
the parathyroid gland regulated STRICTLY by electrolyte concentrations and NOT by the hypothalamus
1. false
2. true
98 -
99 -
which of the following are symptoms of hyperparathyroidism
1. hypocalcemia
2. flaccid heart muscle
3. constipation
4. weakenend muscles
5. weakened bones
100 -
101 -
neural crest cells form which of the following
1. CNS
2. PNS
3. adrenal cortex
4. adrenal medulla
102 -
103 -
which of the following is NOT true regarding glucocorticoids
1. increases glucose synthesis
2. secreted by zona fasciculata
3. major one is cortisol
4. water soluble
104 -
105 -
ACTH acts a stimulus for which of the following enzymes
1. 17-alpha- hydroxylase
2. cholestrol desmolase
3. 21-beta-hydroxylase
4. aldosterone synthase
106 -
107 -
a lack of 21-beta-hydroxylase will lead to a lack of ____and _____
1. aldosterone, cortisol
2. DHEA, androstenedione
3. cortisol, androstenedione
4. aldosterone, DHEA
108 -
109 -
a decrease in aldosterone can lead to
1. metabolic alkalosis
2. resiratory alkalosis
3. metabolic acidosis
4. respiratory acidosis
110 -
111 -
the use of an ACE inhibitor will lead to
1. increased aldosterone
2. increased water reabsorption
3. decreased blood pressure
4. decreased water reabsortion
5. vasodilation of arterioles
112 -
113 -
cortisol has a permissive effect on the following hormones
1. glucagon
2. acetylcholine
3. epinephrine
4. insulin
114 -
115 -
a primary disorder is causing an increase in ACTH this will cause a/an ____ in cortisol and a/an ____ in CRH
1. increase, decrease
2. decrease, decrease
3. decrease, increase
4. increase, increase
116 -
117 -
absence of ACTH will cause a/an ____in secretion of DHEA which will have ____ in males
1. decrease, a masculinization effect
2. decrease, no effect
3. increase, a masculinization effect
4. increase, no effect
118 -
119 -
addison's disease is due to ____ levels of ACTH which causes _____ and ______
1. decreased, hypotension, metabolic acidosis
2. decreased, hypertension, metabolic alkalosis
3. increased, hypotension, metabolic acidosis
4. increased, hypertension,metabolic acidosis
120 -
121 -
cushing's syndrome is due to ____levels of ACTH while cushing's disease exhibits_____ levels of ACTH
1. increase, increase
2. increase, decrease
3. decrese, increase
4. decrease, decrease
122 -
123 -
hyposecretion of aldosterone leads to _____ hypersecretion of aldosterone leads to ______
1. hypokalemia, hypotension
2. hypokalemia, hypertension
3. hyperkalemia, hypotension
4. hyperkalemia, hypertension
124 -
125 -
1. hyponatremia
- primary hypoaldosteronism
2. increased blood volume
- primary hyperaldersteronism
3. increased angiotensin II
- primary hypoaldosteronism
4. decreased renin
- primary hyperaldosteronism
126 -
127 -
1. Conn's syndrome
- primary hyperaldosteronism
2. Addison's disease
- Primary hypoaldosteronism
3. hypernatremia
- primary hyperaldosteronism
4.
-
128 -
129 -
chromaffin cells produce epinephrine and ACh
1. false
2. true
130 -
131 -
the 3 E's (exercise, emergencies, exposure to cold) cause the _____of _____from the adrenal medulla
1. release, ACh
2. release, epinephrine
3. inhibition, epinephrine
4. inhibition, ACh
132 -
133 -
thyroid hormone causes____ of adrenergic receptors in response to _______
1. up-regulation, exercise
2. down-regulation, exercise
3. up-regulation, exposure to cold
4. down-regulation, exposure to cold
134 -
135 -
1. beta cells
- insulin
2. delta cells
- somatostatin
3. F-cells
- pancreatic polypeptide
4. alpha cells
- glucagon
136 -
137 -
insulin affects glucose metabolism in all of the following ways EXCEPT
1. increases glucose uptake in the liver
2. increases activity of glucokinase
3. increases activity of glycogen synthase
4. increases glucose permeability in the brain
138 -
139 -
which of the following is NOT an effect of insulin on adipose cells
1. increases conversion of carbohydrates into fat
2. increases ketone body production
3. stimulates triglyceride uptake
4. stimulates glucose uptake
140 -
141 -
which of the following is NOT an effect of insulin on protein synthesis
1. interacts permissively with GH
2. increases protein translation from mRNA
3. regulates gene expression
4. stimulates aa uptake
142 -
143 -
glucagon has which of the following effects
1. increases glucogenesis in the kidneys
2. inhibits lipolysis
3. increased gluconeogenesis in the liver
4. stimulates glycogenolysis in the liver
144 -
145 -
somatostatin_____glucagon secretion and _____insulin secretion
1. inhibits, inhibits
2. inhibits, stimulates
3. stimulates, inhibits
4. stimulates,stimulates
146 -
147 -
1. obesity
- type 2 diabetes mellitus
2. glucose in urine
- tyoe 1 diabetes mellitus
3.
-
4. osmotic diuresis
- type 1 diabetes mellitus
148 -
149 -
1. insulin therapy
- type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus
2. decrease in insulin secretion
- type 1 diabetes mellitus
3. decrease in sensitivity to insulin
- type 2 diabetes mellitus
4.
-
150 -
151 -
______ is a precursor to many of the eicosanoids
1. pyruvic acid
2. acetic acid
3. arachidonic acid
4. prostaglandins
152 -
153 -
prostacyclins perform which of the following actions
1. inhibit platelet aggregation
2. induce inflammation or allergic response
3. aid in platelet aggregation
4. control vascular smooth muscle activity
154 -
155 -
which form of calcium in blood is most plentiful
1. all exist in equal amounts
2. non-ionized formed
3. ionized form
4. bound form
156 -
157 -
synthesis of 1,25 dihydroxycholecalciferol is stimulated by which of the following
1. decreased Ca++
2. increased PTH
3. decreased phosphate
4. decreased PTH
158 -
159 -
vitamin D stimulates which of the following
1. Ca channels on the apical side of enterocytes
2. Ca channels on the basolateral side of enterocytes
3. Ca-ATPase
4. synthesis of Ca-binding protein
160 -
161 -
a small decrease in plasma Ca++ has a dramatic effect on the formation of vitamin D
1. false
2. true
162 -
163 -
1. trousseau sign
2. precipitation of CaPO4
3. decreased QT interval
4. hyperreflexia
164 -
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