Anei tētahi pono whakarihariha mō te whakangungu ā-kamupene: ka rahua te nuinga o ngā wā i mua i te tīmatanga. Ehara i te mea he kino ngā ihirangi, engari nā te mea he tere te whakamahere, he kotahi te aronga o te tuku, ā, ka wehe atu ngā kaiuru i roto i te tekau mā rima meneti.
He pai te reo?
Ko nga rangahau e whakaatu ana 70% o ngā kaimahi e wareware ana ki ngā kaupapa whakangungu i roto i ngā hāora 24 ina kore e pai te whakamahere i ngā wā. Heoi, kāore e taea te nui ake o ngā tūponotanga—68% o ngā kaimahi e whakaaro ana ko te whakangungu te kaupapa here nui rawa atu a te kamupene, ā, 94% ka noho roa ki ngā kamupene e haumi ana ki tā rātou ako me te whanaketanga.
He rongo pai? Mā te whakamahi i tētahi mahere whakangungu pakari me ngā rautaki whakauru tika, ka taea e koe te huri i ngā whakaaturanga hiamoe hei wheako e hiahia ana ngā kaiuru ki te ako.
Mā tēnei aratohu koe e ārahi i roto i te tukanga whakamahere whakangungu katoa mā te whakamahi i te anga ADDIE, he tauira hoahoa whakaako paerewa ā-umanga e whakamahia ana e ngā kaiwhakaako ngaio o te ao katoa.
He aha te mea e whai hua ai tētahi wā whakangungu?
He huihuinga whai hanganga te wā whakangungu, ka whiwhi ngā kaimahi i ngā pūkenga hou, i ngā mōhiotanga hou, i ngā āheinga hou rānei, ka taea tonu e rātou te whakamahi ki tā rātou mahi. Engari he rerekētanga nui i waenga i te haere ki te mahi me te ako whai tikanga.
Ngā Momo Wāhanga Whakangungu Whai Hua
Ngā awheawhe: Te hanga pūkenga ā-ringa, te wāhi e whakaharatau ai ngā kaiuru i ngā tikanga hou
- Tauira: Awheawhe whakawhitiwhiti kōrero mō te kaiārahi me ngā mahi whakaari
Huihuinga: Ngā kōrerorero e aro ana ki te kaupapa me te kōrerorero takirua
- Tauira: He wānanga whakahaere huringa me te whakaoti rapanga ā-rōpū
Ngā kaupapa whakauru: Te whakataki i ngā kaimahi hou me te whakangungu motuhake ki ngā tūranga
- Tauira: Whakangungu mōhiotanga hua mō ngā tīma hokohoko
Te whakawhanake ngaiotanga: Te whakatairanga i te mahi me te whakangungu pūkenga ngohengohe
- Tauira: Whakangungu whakahaere wā me te whai hua
Te Pūtaiao o te Pupuri
E ai ki ngā Taiwhanga Whakangungu ā-Motu, ka mau tonu i ngā kaiuru:
- 5% o ngā mōhiohio mai i ngā kauhau anake
- 10 orau mai i te pānui
- 50 orau mai i ngā kōrerorero ā-rōpū
- 75 orau mai i te mahi-mā-te-mahi
- 90 orau mai i te whakaako i ētahi atu
Koia te take e whakaurua ai e ngā wā whakangungu tino whai hua ngā momo ako maha, ā, e whakanui ana i te taunekeneke a ngā kaiuru, kaua i te whaikōrero a te kaiwhakataki. Ehara i te mea ka pai ake te whakangungu mā ngā āhuatanga taunekeneke pēnei i ngā pōti ora, ngā pātaitai, me ngā wā pātai me ngā whakautu, engari ka whakapai ake i te nui o te maumahara me te whakamahi a ngā kaiuru.
Te Anga ADDIE: Tō Mahere Whakamahere
Ehara i te mea he mahi pai noa te whai wā ki te whakamahere i tō whakangungu, engari ko te rerekētanga i waenga i te mōhiotanga e piri ana me te wā e moumouhia ana. Mā te tauira ADDIE ka whakaratohia he huarahi pūnaha e whakamahia ana e ngā kaihoahoa whakaako puta noa i te ao.
Ko te tikanga o ADDIE ko:
A - Tātaritanga: Te tautuhi i ngā matea whakangungu me ngā āhuatanga o te ākonga
D - Hoahoa: Tautuhia ngā whāinga ako me te whiriwhiri i ngā tikanga tuku
D - Te Whakawhanaketanga: Waihangahia ngā rauemi whakangungu me ngā mahi
I - Te Whakatinanatanga: Tukuna te wāhanga whakangungu
E - Aromatawai: Inehia te whai huatanga me te kohikohi urupare
He aha te mahi a ADDIE
- Huarahi pūnaha: Kāore he mea e waiho ana ki te tūponotanga
- Te arotahi ki te ākonga: Ka tīmata ki ngā hiahia tūturu, kaua ki ngā whakapae
- He ine: Mā ngā whāinga mārama ka taea te aromatawai tika
- Whakahōu: Mā te aromatawai ka mōhiotia ngā whakapainga ā muri ake nei
- ngāwari: E pā ana ki te whakangungu kanohi ki te kanohi, mariko, me te whakangungu ranu
Ko te toenga o tēnei aratohu e whai ana i te anga ADDIE, e whakaatu ana i te huarahi tika ki te whakamahere i ia wāhanga—me te tautoko a ngā hangarau tauwhitiwhiti pēnei i te AhaSlides i a koe i ia taahiraa.
Hipanga 1: Whakahaerehia he Aromatawai Hiahia (Wāhanga Tātari)
Ko te hapa nui rawa atu a ngā kaiwhakangungu? Ki te mea e mōhio ana rātou ki ngā hiahia o ā rātou hunga whakarongo. E ai ki te Pūrongo Āhua o te Ahumahi 2024 a te Association for Talent Development, E 37% o ngā kaupapa whakangungu ka rahua nā te mea kāore e aro ana ki ngā āputa pūkenga tuturu.
Me pēhea te tautuhi i ngā hiahia whakangungu tūturu
Ngā rangahau i mua i te whakangungu: Tukuna he rangahau ingoakore e pātai ana "I runga i te tauine 1-5, e hia te māia o tō whakaaro ki te [pūkenga motuhake]?" me "He aha te wero nui rawa atu i a koe e [whakaoti ana i te mahi]?" Whakamahia te āhuatanga rangahau a AhaSlides hei kohikohi me te tātari i ngā whakautu.
Tātaritanga raraunga mahi: Arotakehia ngā raraunga o nāianei mō ngā hapa noa, ngā whakaroa hua, ngā amuamu a te kiritaki, ngā kitenga rānei a te kaiwhakahaere.
Ngā rōpū arotahi me ngā uiuinga: Kōrero tika ki ngā kaiārahi tīma me ngā kaiuru kia mārama ai koe ki ngā wero o ia rā me ngā wheako whakangungu o mua.
Te Maarama ki o Rongo
He wheako ngā pakeke, e hiahia ana ki te hiranga, ā, e hiahia ana ki te whakamahi i ngā mea whai hua. Kia mōhio ki ō rātou taumata mātauranga o nāianei, ki ō rātou hiahia ako, ki ngā hihiri, me ngā herenga. Me whakaute tō whakangungu i tēnei, kaua e whakahawea, kaua e whakakatakata, engari me whai i ngā ihirangi mahi ka taea e rātou te whakamahi tonu.
Hipanga 2: Tuhia ngā Whāinga Ako Mārama (Wāhanga Hoahoa)
Ko ngā whāinga whakangungu koretake ka hua koretake hoki ngā hua. Me motuhake, me ine, me tutuki hoki ō whāinga ako.
Me SMART ia whāinga ako:
- Taumahi: He aha rawa ngā mea ka taea e ngā kaiuru te mahi?
- He ine: Me pēhea koe e mōhio ai kua ako rātou i tēnā?
- Ka taea: He mea tūturu rānei tēnei i runga i te wā me ngā rauemi e wātea ana?
- Tika: E hono ana tēnei ki tā rātou mahi tūturu?
- Wā-herea: Āhea rātou me matatau ai ki tēnei?
Ngā Tauira o ngā Whāinga i Tuhia Pai
Whāinga kino: "Kia mārama ki te whakawhitiwhiti kōrero whai hua"
Whāinga pai: "I te mutunga o tēnei wāhanga, ka taea e ngā kaiuru te tuku urupare whai hua mā te whakamahi i te tauira SBI (Āhuatanga-Whanoke-Pānga) i roto i ngā horopaki whakaari-tūranga."
Whāinga kino: "Akohia te whakahaere kaupapa"
Whāinga pai: "Ka taea e ngā kaiuru te waihanga i tētahi rārangi wā kaupapa mā te whakamahi i ngā tūtohi Gantt me te tautuhi i ngā ara matua e pā ana ki tā rātou kaupapa o nāianei i mua i te mutunga o te wiki 2."
Te Whakarōpūtanga a Bloom mō ngā Taumata Whāinga
Ngā whāinga hanganga e ahu mai ana i te uauatanga hinengaro:
- Kia mahara: Whakamaharatia ngā meka me ngā ariā taketake (tāutuhia, whakarārangihia, tautuhia)
- Kia mohio: Whakamāramahia ngā whakaaro, ngā ariā rānei (whakaahuahia, whakamāramahia, whakarāpopototia)
- Hoatu: Whakamahia ngā mōhiotanga i ngā āhuatanga hou (whakaatu, whakaoti rapanga, whakamahi)
- tātari: Tuhia ngā hononga i waenga i ngā whakaaro (whakatairite, tirotiro, wehewehe)
- Aromātai: Te whakamārama i ngā whakataunga (aromatawai, arotake, whakawā)
- Hanga: Te whakaputa mahi hou, mahi taketake rānei (hoahoa, hanga, whakawhanake)
Mō te nuinga o ngā whakangungu ā-kamupene, me whai kia eke ki te taumata "Tono", kia teitei ake rānei—me taea e ngā kaiuru te mahi i tētahi mea mā roto i ā rātou kua ako, kaua e whakahua noa i ngā mōhiotanga.
Hipanga 3: Te Hoahoa i ngā Ihirangi me ngā Mahi Whakahihiri (Wāhanga Whakawhanake)
Nā te mea kua mōhio koe ki ngā mea me ako e ngā kaiuru, ā, kua mārama hoki ō whāinga, kua tae ki te wā ki te hoahoa me pēhea te whakaako i aua mea.
Te Raupapatanga me te Wā o ngā Ihirangi
Tīmata ki te whakaaro he aha te hiranga o tēnei ki a rātou i mua i te ruku ki te "me pēhea". Hangaia haere mai i te māmā ki te uaua. Whakamahia te Ture 10-20-7010% tīmatanga me te whakatakoto horopaki, 70% kaupapa matua me ngā mahi, 20% whakaharatau me te whakarapopototanga.
Hurihia ngā mahi i ia 10-15 meneti hei pupuri i te aro. Whakaranua ēnei puta noa:
- Ngā Whakarewatanga Hukapapa (5-10 meneti): Ngā pōti tere, ngā kapua kupu rānei hei ine i ngā tīmatanga.
- Ngā whakamātautau mātauranga (2-3 meneti): Ngā pātaitai hei whakautu māramatanga inamata.
- Ngā kōrero ā-rōpū iti (10-15 meneti): Ngā rangahau take, ngā mahi whakaoti rapanga ngātahi rānei.
- Ngā mahi whakaari (15-20 meneti): Whakaharatauhia ngā pūkenga hou i roto i ngā taiao haumaru.
- Te whakaaro whakaaro: Ngā kapua kupu hei kohikohi whakaaro mai i te katoa i te wā kotahi.
- Uiui Ora: He pātai ingoakore puta noa, kaua i te mutunga anake.
Ngā Huānga Taunekeneke e Whakatairanga Ana i te Pupuri
Ko te hua o ngā kauhau tuku iho he 5% te maumahara. Ka whakanuia tēnei e ngā huānga taunekeneke ki te 75%. Mā ngā pōti ora ka ine i te māramatanga i te wā tūturu, ka rite te ako ki te kēmu, ā, mā ngā kapua kupu ka taea te whakaaroaro tahi. Ko te mea nui ko te whakaurunga maeneene—whakapai ake i ō ihirangi me te kore e whakararuraru i te rere o te kōrero.
Hipanga 4: Whakawhanakehia āu Rauemi Whakangungu (Wāhanga Whakawhanake)
Kua whakaritea te hanganga o tō ihirangi, waihangahia ngā rauemi tuturu ka whakamahia e ngā kaiuru.
Maataapono Hoahoa
Kiriata Whakaaturanga: Kia māmā noa iho, kotahi te whakaaro matua mō ia kiriata, he iti noa iho ngā tuhinga (6 ngā tohu matā te mōrahi, 6 ngā kupu mō ia kiriata), he mārama ngā momotuhi ka taea te pānui mai i muri o te rūma. Whakamahia te Kaihanga Whakaaturanga AI a AhaSlides hei hanga tere i ngā hanganga, kātahi ka whakauru i ngā pōti, ngā pātaitai, me ngā kiriata Pātai me Whakautu i waenga i ngā ihirangi.
Ngā aratohu a te hunga whai wāhi: He pepa tohatoha kei roto ngā ariā matua, he wāhi mō ngā tuhipoka, ngā mahi, me ngā āwhina mahi hei tirotiro mā rātou i muri mai.
Mō te urunga atu: Whakamahia ngā tae tino rerekē, ngā rahi momotuhi ka taea te pānui (iti rawa 24pt mō ngā kiriata), ngā taitara mō ngā ataata, me te tuku rauemi i roto i ngā whakatakotoranga maha.
Hipanga 5: Whakamaherehia ngā Rautaki Tukunga Taunekeneke (Wāhanga Whakatinanatanga)
Ahakoa te ihirangi pai rawa atu ka hē te mahi mēnā kāore he tukunga whakahihiri.
Hanganga Wātū
Te whakatuwheratanga (10%): Nau mai, arotakehia ngā whāinga, tīmatahia he hui, whakatakotohia ngā tumanakohanga.
Ngā ihirangi matua (70%): Whakaaturia ngā ariā kia wāhanga, whai i ia wāhanga me ngā mahi, whakamahia ngā wāhanga taunekeneke hei whakamātautau i te māramatanga.
Te Whakamutunga (20%): Whakarāpopototia ngā kaupapa matua, te whakamahere mahi, te pātai me ngā whakautu whakamutunga, me te arotakenga.
Nga Tikanga Whakahaere
Pātaihia ngā pātai tuwhera: "Me pēhea e whakamahi ai koe i tēnei i roto i tō kaupapa o nāianei?" Whakamahia he wā tatari 5-7 hēkona i muri i ngā pātai. Whakahāngaihia te "Kāore au i te mōhio" hei waihanga i te haumaru hinengaro. Whakapāhekohekohia ngā mea katoa—whakamahia ngā pōti mō te pōti, ngā pātai me ngā whakautu mō ngā pātai, te rapu whakaaro mō ngā arai.
Whakangungu Mariko me te Whakangungu Ranu
Ka mahi a AhaSlides puta noa i ngā whakatakotoranga katoa. Mō ngā wānanga mariko, ka uru mai ngā kaiuru mai i ngā taputapu ahakoa te wāhi. Mō ngā wānanga ranu, ka whai wāhi ōrite ngā kaiuru i roto i te rūma me ngā kaiuru mamao mā ā rātou waea pūkoro, pona rānei—kāore he tangata e mahue.
Hipanga 6: Aromatawai i te Whai Huatanga o te Whakangungu (Wāhanga Aromatawai)
Kāore tō whakangungu e oti kia ine rā anō koe mēnā i angitu. Whakamahia ngā Taumata Aromatawai e Whā a Kirkpatrick:
Taumata 1 - Tauhohenga: I pai ki ngā kaiuru?
- Tikanga: Rangahau mutunga-o-te-wā me ngā tauine whakatauranga
- Ngā āhuatanga o AhaSlides: Ngā kiriata whakatauranga tere (1-5 whetū) me ngā urupare tuwhera
- Ngā pātai matua: "He pēhea te hiranga o tēnei whakangungu?" "He aha tāu e hiahia ana kia whakarerekētia?"
Taumata 2 - Ako: I ako rātou?
- Tikanga: Ngā whakamātautau i mua me muri, ngā pātaitai, ngā whakamātautau mātauranga
- Ngā āhuatanga o AhaSlides: E whakaatu ana ngā hua o te pātaitai i te mahi takitahi me te mahi ā-rōpū
- He aha hei ine: Ka taea e rātou te whakaatu i ngā pūkenga/mātauranga kua whakaakona?
Taumata 3 - Whanoke: Kei te whakamahia e rātou?
- Tikanga: Ngā rangahau whai muri i ngā rā 30-60 i muri mai, ngā kitenga a ngā kaiwhakahaere
- Ngā āhuatanga o AhaSlides: Tukuna ngā rangahau whai muri aunoa
- Ngā pātai matua: "Kua whakamahia e koe [te pūkenga] i roto i tāu mahi?" "He aha ngā hua i kitea e koe?"
Taumata 4 - Ngā Hua: I pāngia ngā hua pakihi?
- Tikanga: Aroturuki i ngā inenga mahi, ngā KPI, ngā hua pakihi
- Rārangi Wā: 3-6 marama i muri i te whakangungu
- He aha hei ine: Ngā whakapainga hua, te whakaiti hapa, te makona o te kiritaki
Te Whakamahi i ngā Raraunga hei Whakapai Ake
Mā te āhuatanga Pūrongo me te Tātari a AhaSlides ka taea e koe te:
- Tirohia ngā pātai i uaua ki ngā kaiuru
- Tāutuhia ngā kaupapa e hiahia ana kia nui ake te whakamārama
- Aroturuki i ngā reiti whai wāhi
- Kaweake raraunga mō ngā pūrongo a ngā kaipupuri hea
Whakamahia ēnei māramatanga hei whakapai ake i tō whakangungu mō te wā e whai ake nei. Ka whakapai tonu ngā kaiwhakaako pai rawa atu i runga i ngā urupare me ngā hua o ngā kaiuru.
Pātai Auau
Kia pēhea te roa o te wā e hiahiatia ana hei whakarite i tētahi wā whakangungu?
Mō tētahi wātaka kotahi hāora te roa, me whakapau kia 3-5 hāora ki te whakarite: te aromatawai i ngā hiahia (1 hāora), te hoahoa ihirangi (1-2 hāora), te whakawhanake rauemi (1-2 hāora). Mā te whakamahi i ngā tauira me ngā AhaSlides ka taea te whakaiti i te wā whakarite.
He aha ngā mea me tirotiro e au i mua i te tīmatanga?
Hangarau: Kei te mahi te oro/ataata, kua utaina, kua whakamatautauria hoki a AhaSlides, kei te mahi ngā waehere uru. Materials: Kua rite ngā pepa tautoko, kua wātea ngā taputapu. ihirangi: Kua tohaina te kaupapa mahi, kua mārama ngā whāinga, kua whakaritea te wā mō ngā mahi. Taiao: He rūma whakamarie, he nohoanga e tika ana.
E hia ngā mahi me whakauru atu e au?
Hurihia ngā mahi i ia 10-15 meneti. Mō te wā kotahi hāora: he wā whakatā (5 meneti), e toru ngā poraka kaupapa me ngā mahi (15 meneti ia poraka), he wā kati/Pātai me ngā Whakautu (10 meneti).
Nga puna me etahi atu panui:
- Te Rōpū Whakangungu me te Whakawhanake o Amerika (ATD). (2024).Te Pūrongo Āhua o te Ahumahi"
- LinkedIn Learning. (2024). "Pūrongo Ako i te Wāhi Mahi"
- Kamupene Mārama. (2023)27 Ngā Tatauranga Whakawhanake Kaimahi Whakamiharo Kāore Koe i Rongoa"
- Ngā Taiwhanga Whakangungu ā-Motu. "Te Piramiti Ako me ngā Reiti Pupuri Ako"
- Kirkpatrick, DL, & Kirkpatrick, JD (2006). "Te Aromatawai i ngā Kaupapa Whakangungu"
