🧠 Ako ā-kanohi: Te painga pūtaiao ki te whakaako i ngā whakaaro uaua me te mārama me te whai pānga

Ngā pūnaha uaua — mai i whakawhitiwhiti waea Tuhinga o mua ngā rerengamahi tukatuka raraunga — he maha ngā wā ka raru ai ngā ākonga ina whakaaturia ā-waha.

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I roto i te rangahau 2016 whakaputaina i roto i Rangahau Hinengaro: Nga Tikanga me nga Whainga, Irihā Pōpeka a Barbara Tversky i whakaatu i te hanganga ngā whakamārama tirohanga Ka āwhina i ngā ākonga ki te whakarite me te whakauru i ngā mōhiohio uaua kia nui ake te whai hua i te kupu anake.

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E whakaatu ana ā rātou kitenga i tētahi pono matua mō te āhua o te ako a te tangata: ehara i te mea ko ō tātou roro anake rongo ngā mōhiohio — rātou kite ahakoa kei te whakangungu koe ngaio hauora, kaihoko inihua, ranei nga roopu umanga, mā ngā tirohanga ka honoa te āputa i waenga i ngā ariā āhuahanga me te māramatanga tūturu.

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Me tūhura tātou he aha te kaha o te pānga o ngā tirohanga ki te mahara me te māramatanga — me pēhea hoki e taea ai e ngā kaiwhakaako te whakamahi i ēnei māramatanga hei hanga i ngā wānanga e mau tonu ana.

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🧠 Te pūtaiao kei muri i te ako tirohanga me te mahara

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Mena kua raru koe ki te whakamārama i tētahi kaupapa uaua, ā, kua kitea e koe kotahi te hoahoa pai i "pāwhiri" i ngā mea katoa, he pūtaiao kei muri i taua wā. Ka whai hua ngā tirohanga nā te mea ka uru atu te tukatuka ā-taiao a te roro tangata i ngā mōhiohio.

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1. Te whakakōwae rua: te whakahohe i ngā hongere ako e rua

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Tumuaki Hinengaro Allan Paivio i whakaarohia te Ariā Whakawaehere Takirua (1991), e whakaatu ana he pai ake te mārama me te maumahara o te tangata ina whakakōwaea ngā mōhiohio i roto i ngā mea e rua reo a ataata ahua.

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Ina kōrero ngā kaiako, ka whakaatu tahi i ngā tirohanga — pērā i te whakaahua, i te mahere tukanga, i te kiriata taunekeneke rānei — ka hangaia e ngā ākonga ngā ara hinengaro e rua hei maumahara i aua mōhiotanga ā muri ake nei.

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🧩 Te tango mahi: Engari i te pānui i ō kiriata, whakamahia ngā whakaahua hei toha te mea e kōrerotia ana e koe, kaua e tāruatia.

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2. He aha ngā āhuatanga o ngā tirohanga i pai ake ai i te tuhinga: he iti ake te taumaha, he nui ake te mahara

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Kaimātai hinengaro mātauranga Richard Mayer me te kaimätai hinengaro Lionel Standing I tae atu rāua ki te pono i whakapuakina mā roto i ngā tirohanga rerekē: ka piri tonu ngā tirohanga nā te mea he māmā ake te aro atu, he uaua ake hoki te wareware.

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A Mayer Te Ariā Hinengaro o te Ako Pāpāho Maha (2009) e whakamārama ana he pai ake te ako a te tangata ina mahi tahi ngā tirohanga me ngā kupu — kaua e whakataetae — nā te mea he iti noa ngā mōhiohio ka taea e tō tātou mahara mahi te whakahaere i te wā kotahi. I taua wā, Tū (1973) pānga teitei pikitia i whakamātauhia he nui ake te pono o te maumahara o te tangata ki ngā whakaahua i ngā kupu. I te whakakotahitanga, e whakaatu ana ā rātou kitenga he aha ngā tirohanga whakangungu whai hua me mārama, me āta whakaarohia, me maumahara hoki.

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📊 tauira: Engari i te whakarārangi i ngā momo kaupapa here katoa ki runga i tētahi kiriata kuputuhi-nui, whakamahia he tūtohi whakatairite tirohanga — ka whakapuaki tonu i ngā whanaungatanga me ngā rerekētanga, me te kore e whakararu i te mahara o ngā ākonga.

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🎨 Mai i ngā mōhiotanga ki te māramatanga: me pēhea te whakaako ā-kanohi

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Kia mārama koe ki te take e whai hua ai ngā tirohanga, ko te wero e whai ake nei ko te whakamahi ātaahua i aua mea.
Kāore ngā tirohanga ataahua e whakapaipai noa i ngā kiriata — engari te ārahi i te whakaaro, hei āwhina i ngā ākonga kia kite i ngā whanaungatanga, ngā tauira, me te tikanga. Ahakoa kei te whakaako koe i te hanganga tinana, kei te whakamārama rānei i tētahi tukanga inihua, e toru ngā mātāpono matua o te whakaako tirohanga: te hanganga, te kōrero, me te māmā.

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1. Hanganga: hurihia te pōrearea hei tauira

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E hiahia ana ō tātou roro ki te raupapa. Ina kore he hanganga o ngā mōhiohio — he rārangi roa, he tuhinga matotoru, he tauira marara — me hanga e ngā ākonga ō rātou ake anga hinengaro, e pau ai te mahara mahi. Mā te hanganga tirohanga e mahi tēnā mā rātou.

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🧩 Nganahia tenei:

• Whakakapia ngā rārangi matā ki ngā hoahoa e whakarōpū, whakataurite, hono rānei.
  
• whakamahi rerenga hei whakaatu i te arorau tukanga (hei tauira, ngā rākau whakatau, te take–te pānga).
  
• Anga te wehewehe tirohanga — whakawhāitihia ngā kiriata ki tētahi whakaaro matua, me ngā ata tautoko, ngā pere rānei hei whakaatu i te hiranga.
  

💡 Aki: Ina taea e koe te whakaahua i ō ihirangi hei "ngā hikoinga," "ngā kāwai," "ngā whanaungatanga rānei," he pai rawa atu tēnā mō te whakaahua.

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Engari he aha i mutu ai i reira? Ka taea e ngā kaiwhakangungu te huri i tēnei māramatanga ngāwari hei te ako hohe.

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💡 AhaSlides e mahi ana: whakaarohia me te whakapakari mā te taunekeneke

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Whakamātauria te whakamahi i te Kiriata pātaitai "Te Raupapa Tika" (tētahi atu tikanga raupapatanga taunekeneke rānei) hei huri i tētahi tukanga rārangi hei wero tirohanga.

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Engari i te pānui i ngā tohu matua, ka tōia, ka whakatakahia ngā kaupae e ngā kaiuru ki te raupapa tika — me te whakauru i ā rātou ataata a reo ngā pūnaha whakaaro.

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tauira:

pātai: He aha te raupapa tika mō te tukatuka i tētahi kereme inihua?

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Ngā Kōwhiringa (kua whakakotahihia):

• Manatokohia ngā taipitopito kereme
  
• Whiwhi puka kereme
  
• Arotakehia te mana o te kereme
  
• Whakaaetia, whakakorea rānei te kereme
  
• Whakamōhio atu ki te kiritaki mō ngā hua

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Rārangi arowhai mō te māmā o te tirohanga

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Ina tuku whakautu ngā kaiuru, ka kite tonu rātou i te raupapa tika e whakaatuhia ana ki te mata — he whakaaturanga ora o te mahi waehere takirua me te whai huatanga hinengaro.

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🎯 Te aha e mahi ai:

• Ka huri i ngā mōhiohio pūmau ki tētahi raupapa taunekeneke ka taea e ngā ākonga kite a mahi.
  
• Ka whakaiti i te kawenga hinengaro mā te wehewehe i ngā takahanga ka kitea.
  
• Ka whakapakari i te maumahara mā te pānga teitei pikitia — ka maumahara ngā ākonga ki te rerenga kōrero hei whakaahua i roto i tō rātou hinengaro, kaua hei rārangi noa iho.

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💬 matamata pro: Whaia te pātaitai ki tētahi tūtohi rere māmā kei te kiriata e whai ake nei hei whakakaha ake i te tukanga. Te taunekeneke me te hanganga = te pupuri i te mōhiohio mō te wā roa.

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2. Pūrākau: whakamahia ngā tirohanga hei whakaatu i te take me te hua

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Ehara te kōrero pakiwaitara i te wā whakangungu i te mea he pakiwaitara — engari he raupapatanga me te kaupapaMe neke te ākonga i ia tirohanga mai i:

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He aha te mea e tupu ana? → He aha te mea nui? → He aha te mea me mahi rerekē?

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Ko tētahi o ngā huarahi māmā ki te whakamahi i tēnei i roto i ngā whakangungu nēhi me te hauora ko te ngā ataata horopaki poto e honoa ana me te tātaritanga ārahi.

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🎬 tauira:
Whakaarihia he ataata haumanu poto e whakaatu ana i te taunekeneke a te tūroro, i te tikanga rānei (hei tauira, mai i ngā papaaho mātauranga pēnei i rerewai or Ngā Whare Tapuhi).

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I muri i te mātakitaki, me pātai atu ki ngā ākonga:

• Tautuhia he aha te mea i hē, he aha rānei te mea i mahia pai.
  
• Matapakihia te ngā wā whakatau matua i te waahi.
  
• Waihangahia rerengamahi tirohanga, rārangi arowhai rānei e whakaatu ana i te tukanga haumanu tino pai.

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tenei mātaki → tātari → whakaahua ka hurihia te tirohanga e te raupapa hei whakaaroaro haumanu hohe, hei āwhina i ngā ākonga kia maumahara ehara i te mea ko aha ki te mahi engari he aha he mea nui ia taahiraa.

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3. Māmā noa: tangohia te haruru hei whakanui ake i te tikanga

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E whakamahara mai ana te ariā kawenga hinengaro kāore te nui ake i te pai ake — he pai ake te māramatanga i te uauatangaKa tāpirihia e ia kupu, tae, āhua rānei he kaha hinengaro.

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???? Rārangi arowhai mō te māmā o te tirohanga:

• whakamahi kotahi te kaupapa tirohanga mō ia kiriata (whakamārama, whakatairite, whakaatu rānei i te huringa).
  
• Whakaitihia te tuhinga — me ārahi i te aro, kaua e tāruatia tāu i kōrero ai.
  
• Kia whai tikanga te tae: whakamahia te rerekētanga hei whakamārama, kaua hei whakapaipai.
  
• Āta karohia ngā whakaahua taketake kāore e whakaū ana i ngā whāinga ako.

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🧠 Kia mahara: He wāhanga o te hoahoa te wāhi mā. Ka hoatu he wāhi ki te roro kia whakaaro.

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4. Whakaaroaro: āwhina i ngā ākonga ki te whakaaroaro i ō rātou ake whakaaro

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Ka puta te ako hōhonu ina taea e ngā kaiuru te tā, mahere, tauira rānei tō rātou ake māramatanga. Mā te whakaata tirohanga ka puta te whakaaro ki waho — ka hurihia te mahara hei mātauranga.

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🖍️ Ngā whakaaro ka taea e koe te whakamahi:

• Pātai atu ki ngā ākonga kia huahua he pūnaha, he tukanga rānei mai i te mahara (kāore e hiahiatia he pūkenga toi).
  
• whakamahi mahere hinengaro or ngā hoahoa ariā hei whakarāpopototanga kōrero.
  
• Whakatenatenahia te tuhi tuhipoka me ngā tohu me ngā pere, kaua ki ngā rerenga kōrero katoa.

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Hei hopu me te tohatoha i ēnei whakaahua i hangaia e te ākonga ki te wāhi kotahi, ka taea e koe te whakamahi i tētahi tāpirihia te kiriata (hei tauira, AhaSlides' Whakamaua te kiriata) ki te kawe mai i tētahi papa mā ipurangi, taputapu hoahoa, tuhinga tiritahi rānei ki roto i tō wā ako — kia uru ai te whakaaro ā-kanohi o te katoa ki roto i te wheako ako ora.

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💡 He aha te take: E ai ki te rangahau na Fiorella & Zhang (2016), he pai ake te maumahara me te whakawhiti mātauranga a ngā ākonga e waihanga ana i ā rātou ake whakamārama tirohanga i te hunga e pānui ana, e whakarongo ana rānei.

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5. Pātaitai whakaahua: te whakangungu i te kanohi, kaua ko te mahara anake

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Ehara i te mea he kaha anake ngā tirohanga mō te whakamārama i ngā ariā — he rite tonu te kaha mō te whakamātautau i ngā pūkenga tirotiro o te ao tūturuEngari ko ngā pātaitai e ahu mai ana i ngā whakaahua, he whakaaturanga tirohanga tēnei, ā, e tono ana ki ngā ākonga kia tātari i tā rātou e kite ana, kaua ki te tono ki ngā ākonga kia maumahara ki ngā whakamāramatanga.

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🔍 tauira:
Whakaaturia tētahi whakaahua, ka pātai atu:

"He whakaahua tēnei i hangaia e te AI, he mea tūturu rānei?"

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Ka pōti tuatahi ngā kaiuru, kātahi ka whiwhi urupare ārahi e tohu ana i ngā tohu tirohanga — pērā i āhua rerekē te āhua, te rama kāore i te ōrite, te āhua rerekē rānei o te āhua (hei tauira, ngā maihao roa rerekē, te tūnga hē rānei o te ringa).

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Mā tēnei momo pātai ā-kanohi ka āwhina i ngā ākonga ki te whakaharatau te whakanui i te tauira a te arotake arohaehae — ngā pūkenga e whai hua ana i roto i ngā horopaki ngaio katoa e tika ana kia arotakehia wawetia, kia tika hoki ngā mōhiohio tirohanga.

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💡 Te aha e mahi ai:

• E whakakaha ana te aro tirohanga me te māramatanga kaua ki te maumahara noa.
  
• E whakaata ana i ngā whakatau o te ao tūroa, ina nui ake te hiranga o ngā kōrero iti i ngā ture kua maumaharatia.
  
• Ka whakaoho i te hiahia me te kōrero, ka whakarei ake i te maumahara.

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🧩 Whakamutunga: te painga tirohanga

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Mō ngā tekau tau, kua whakawhirinaki ngā kaiwhakaako ki ngā tuhinga me ngā kōrero — engari kāore i hangaia te roro hei ako pēnā.
Kei te whakaatu tonu ngā rangahau puta noa i te hinengaro me te mātauranga i te whakaaro kotahi: ina kite ngā whakaaro, kāore e maumahara noa ki aua whakaaro — ko rātou mārama ratou.

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Ka whakaitihia e ngā tirohanga te haruru, ka whakakitea te tikanga, ā, ka āwhina i ngā ākonga ki te hono i tā rātou e mōhio ana ki tā rātou e ako ana.

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Mai i te hanganga tinana ki te inihua, mai i ngā pūnaha ki te rautaki, ko te painga tirohanga kei roto i te āwhina i te tangata ki te hanga tauira hinengaro — ngā kōrero poto ka taea e rātou te maumahara ahakoa roa te mutunga o te wā.

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I tēnei ao e kī ana i te mōhiotanga, ko te māramatanga te taputapu whakaako pai rawa atu māu. Ā, ka tīmata te māramatanga ina mutu te kōrero — ka tīmata te whakaatu.