Kodi ndondomeko yokonzekera polojekiti mu kasamalidwe ka polojekiti?

Kuwongolera bwino kwa polojekiti kumaphatikizapo njira zisanu zofunika: Kuyambitsa, Kukonzekera, Kuchita, Kuwunika ndi Kuwongolera, ndikumaliza ndi Kutseka. Ndikofunika kuzindikira kuti palibe ntchito iliyonse yomwe yapambana yomwe inganyalanyaze gawo lililonse mwa magawowa, makamaka ndondomeko yokonzekera polojekiti yomwe imapangitsa kuti zonse zizitsatira, monga kuperekedwa panthawi yake komanso mkati mwa bajeti.

Kukonzekera kwa pulojekiti kuli pakatikati pa moyo wa polojekiti, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti ndi gawo lovuta kwambiri. Komabe, nthawi zonse pali njira yopitira kumeneko.

M'nkhaniyi, tiphunzira zambiri zokhudza kukonzekera polojekiti, kutanthauzira, zitsanzo, ndondomeko, ndi zida zina zokonzekera kuti zikuthandizeni kumvetsetsa bwino ndondomeko ya polojekitiyi ndikuphunzira momwe mungathanirane ndi zovuta zake. 

Malangizo Othandizira Kuchita Bwino

• Mayang'aniridwe antchito
• Chitsanzo cha Pulogalamu ya Ntchito
• Waterfall Methodology

Kodi Tanthauzo Lotani la Mapulani a Ntchito?

Kukonzekera kwa pulojekiti kungatanthauzidwe ngati ndondomeko yowonetsera, kulinganiza, ndi kukonza njira zoyenera ndi zothandizira kuti mukwaniritse cholinga china mkati mwa nthawi yodziwika. Ndi njira yolimbikira yomwe imaphatikizapo kuzindikira zolinga, kukhazikitsa njira, ndi kugawa zinthu kuti zithandizire kukulitsa zokolola ndikuchepetsa zoopsa.

zokhudzana: Njira Yoyendetsera Njira | The Ultimate Guide yokhala ndi malangizo 7 abwino kwambiri

Magawo 7 a Ntchito Yokonzekera Ntchito

Mu gawo ili, tikuwona njira 7 zomwe zikukhudzidwa pokonzekera polojekiti motere:

Gawo 1: Kufotokozera Zolinga za Pulojekiti ndi Kuchuluka kwa Ntchito

Gawo loyambirira la ndondomeko yokonzekera polojekiti likukhudzana ndi kufotokozera momveka bwino zolinga za polojekiti ndi kukula kwake. Izi zikuphatikizapo kumvetsetsa zotsatira zomwe mukufuna, kuzindikira omwe akukhudzidwa nawo, ndikukhazikitsa zolinga zomwe zingayesedwe. Kufotokozera malire a polojekiti, zomwe zingabweretsedwe, ndi zolepheretsa zimakhazikitsa maziko a ntchito zokonzekera zotsatila.

Mwachitsanzo, Nike imayika cholinga cha malonda kuti agulitse mayunitsi a 3,00,000 chaka chamawa, chomwe chimakwera ndi 30% poyerekeza ndi malonda omwe alipo.

Gawo 2: Kuchita Ntchito Yowunika Ntchito Yonse

Kuwunika bwino kwa polojekiti ndikofunikira kuti mupange zisankho mwanzeru komanso kuchepetsa chiopsezo. Gawoli likuphatikizapo kusanthula mwatsatanetsatane zofunikira za polojekiti, zothandizira, zoopsa zomwe zingatheke, ndi zomwe zimadalira. Poona kuthekera kwa polojekitiyo, kuthekera kwake, ndi zovuta zomwe zingatheke, okonza mapulani amatha kuzindikira zinthu zofunika kwambiri zomwe zikuyenda bwino ndikupanga njira zothetsera mavuto omwe angakhalepo.

Gawo 3: Kupanga Mapangidwe Owonongeka kwa Ntchito (WBS)

Mu sitepe yokonzekera pulojekitiyi, polojekiti yonse yagawidwa m'zigawo zing'onozing'ono, zokhoza kuyendetsedwa bwino. Njirayi imatchedwa dongosolo lowonongeka kwa ntchito (WBS) lomwe limapereka chiwonetsero chambiri cha ntchito, ntchito zazing'ono, ndi zomwe zingabweretse, kuwonetsetsa kumveka bwino ndi bungwe. Imathandizira kagawidwe kazinthu, ndikutsata magwiridwe antchito, ndikukhazikitsa dongosolo loyenera kuti polojekiti ichitike.

Gawo 4: Kuyerekeza Zothandizira ndi Kukhazikitsa Nthawi

Kuyerekeza kwazinthu ndi kukhazikitsidwa kwanthawi yake ndizofunikiranso kuti polojekiti ichitike bwino. Gawoli likufuna kudziwa antchito ofunikira, magawo a bajeti, ndi zida zofunikira pa ntchito iliyonse. Poganizira zodalira ntchito, zofunika kwambiri, ndi zinthu zomwe zilipo, okonza mapulani kapena oyang'anira atha kupanga nthawi yeniyeni, kuzindikiritsa zofunikira panjira.

Gawo 5: Kuzindikiritsa Zowopsa ndi Njira Zochepetsera

Palibe projekiti yomwe ilibe zoopsa, ndipo kuthana nazo msanga ndikofunikira pakukonza dongosolo. Panthawi imeneyi, zoopsa zomwe zingatheke komanso zosatsimikizika zimazindikiridwa, kufufuzidwa, ndikuyika patsogolo. Njira zokhazikika zimapangidwira kuti zichepetse zoopsa, kuphatikiza mapulani angozi, njira zosinthira zoopsa, ndi njira zina zochitira. Kuyang'anitsitsa zoopsa zomwe zimachitika nthawi zonse zimatsimikizira kusinthika kwa moyo wonse wa polojekiti.

Khwerero 6: Kuyankhulana ndi Kugwirana nawo mbali

Mofanana ndi guluu, kulankhulana kogwira mtima kungathe kugwirizanitsa ntchito. Kukhazikitsa dongosolo loyankhulirana lomwe limafotokoza njira, pafupipafupi, komanso kukhudzidwa kwa omwe akukhudzidwa ndikofunikira. Zosintha nthawi ndi nthawi, malipoti a momwe zinthu zikuyendera, ndi zokambirana zimalimbikitsa kuwonekera, kumawonjezera kulumikizana, ndikuwongolera zomwe okhudzidwa amayembekeza.

Gawo 7: Kuyang'anira, Kuwongolera, ndi Kuunika

Kufika kumapeto kwa ndondomeko yabwino yokonzekera polojekiti ndi nthawi yowunika ndi kuunika nthawi zonse. Gawoli limayang'ana kwambiri pakulondolera zomwe zikuchitika, kufananiza ndi zomwe zakhazikitsidwa, ndikuzindikira zopatuka. Ngati ndi kotheka, kusintha kumapangidwa kuti ntchitoyo igwirizanenso ndi zolinga zake. Maphunziro omwe aphunziridwa amalembedwa, kupangitsa kuti chidziwitso chisamuke komanso kusintha kwamtsogolo.

Kodi Zigawo za Project Planning ndi ziti?

Nazi zinthu 7 zofunika kwambiri pakukonzekera polojekiti:

• Kuchuluka kwa mapulani mu kasamalidwe: Fotokozani momveka bwino malire ndi zolinga za polojekitiyi.
• Kuwonongeka kwa Ntchito (WBS): Kuphwanya pulojekiti kukhala ntchito zing'onozing'ono, zotheka kutheka.
• Nthawi ndi Milestones: Kukhazikitsa ndandanda yolondola ya nthawi ndikukhazikitsa zochitika kuti muwone momwe zikuyendera.
• Kugawa Zothandizira: Kuzindikiritsa ndi kugawa zofunikira, kuphatikizapo ogwira ntchito, bajeti, ndi zipangizo.
• Kuwunika Zowopsa ndi Kuchepetsa: Kuzindikira zoopsa zomwe zingachitike ndikukhazikitsa njira zochepetsera.
• Kuyankhulana Kwadongosolo: Kukhazikitsa njira zoyankhulirana zabwino kuti zithandizire kulumikizana ndi mgwirizano pakati pa omwe akukhudzidwa ndi polojekiti.
• Kuwunika ndi Kuwunika: Kukhazikitsa njira zowunikira momwe polojekiti ikuyendera ndikuwunika momwe polojekiti ikuyendera motsutsana ndi ma KPI omwe adafotokozedwa kale.

Chifukwa Chiyani Ntchito Yokonzekera Ntchito Ndi Yofunika?

Zimawonjezera ntchito ya polojekiti komanso mwayi wopambana

Pali zifukwa zingapo zomwe mapulojekiti amalephera ndipo chimodzi mwa izo ndikulephera kufotokozera zolinga, zolinga, ndi maudindo pakati pa mamembala a gulu (pafupifupi 39% akuyerekeza). Ntchitoyi siyenda bwino ngati mamembala a gulu asokonezedwa ndi maudindo awo ndi maudindo awo. Kuphatikiza apo, kusowa kwa zolinga zomveka bwino ndi zolinga kapena kusamvetsetsa momwe polojekiti ikuyendera komanso cholinga cha polojekitiyo kungayambitse kusamvetsetsana komanso kusayang'ana bwino, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale zovuta zosayembekezereka, komanso kuchuluka kwake.

Imawongolera mgwirizano wamagulu ndi kulumikizana 

Dongosolo lokonzedwa bwino limapereka mwayi kwa mamembala a gulu kuti azilankhulana ndi kugwirizana bwino. Makamaka pokhudzana ndi ntchito zamagulu ang'onoang'ono kapena makampani osiyanasiyana, kuphatikizapo antchito ambiri ndi akatswiri ochokera kumadera osiyanasiyana akugwira ntchito limodzi, ntchito yokonzekera imakhala yowonekera kwambiri. Chotsatira chake, kulankhulana momveka bwino ndi mgwirizano kumapangitsa kuti ntchito zitheke, zimalimbikitsa masomphenya ogawana, mikangano yochepa ya ogwira ntchito, ndikulimbikitsa malo abwino a polojekiti.

Zimatsimikizira kukhathamiritsa kwazinthu

Kukonzekera ndi njira yabwino kwambiri yogwiritsira ntchito bwino zinthu kuphatikizapo nthawi, anthu, bajeti, zipangizo, ndi zipangizo. Podziwiratu zofunikira zomwe zikufunikira, gulu la polojekitiyo likhoza kuonetsetsa kuti zipangizo zoyenera zilipo panthawi yoyenera, kuchepetsa kuchedwa, ndi kubwereza, komanso kupititsa patsogolo bwino.

Zimachepetsa zoopsa ndi zovuta zosayembekezereka

Pozindikira zoopsa msanga, gulu la polojekiti likhoza kupanga njira zokonzekera kuyankha paziwopsezo ndi mapulani othana nazo. Njira yolimbikitsirayi imathandizira kuchepetsa mwayi ndi zovuta zomwe zingachitike, kukulitsa magwiridwe antchito a polojekiti ndikuchepetsa mwayi wolephera.

Kodi Njira Yabwino Kwambiri Yopangira Ntchito Ndi Chiyani?

Kuti mukonzekere bwino ntchito komanso kuthana ndi zovuta zomwe mungakumane nazo panthawi yokonzekera, ndi bwino kuganizira njira zina zokonzekera polojekiti. Amanena za njira zokhazikika komanso zomangira zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pokonzekera bwino ndikuwongolera mapulojekiti.

Kukonzekera kwa Waterfall

Njira ya Waterfall ndi njira yotsatizana yomwe imagawaniza pulojekitiyi m'magawo osiyana, gawo lililonse likumanga pampita wam'mbuyo. Imatsatira njira yotsatizana, pomwe gawo lililonse liyenera kumalizidwa musanapite ku lina. Magawo ofunikira nthawi zambiri amaphatikiza zofunikira kusonkhanitsa, kupanga, chitukuko, kuyesa, kutumiza, ndi kukonza. Mathithiwa ndi oyenererana ndi ma projekiti omwe ali ndi zofunikira zofotokozedwa bwino komanso zokhazikika.

PRINCE2 (Ntchito Zomwe Zili M'malo Olamulidwa)

PRINCE2 ndi njira yoyendetsera polojekiti yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri ku United Kingdom komanso padziko lonse lapansi. Limapereka dongosolo lokonzekera polojekiti, kuyang'anira, ndi kuyang'anira. PRINCE2 imagawaniza mapulojekiti m'magawo oyendetsedwa bwino ndikugogomezera utsogoleri wabwino, kuwongolera zoopsa, komanso kuchita nawo mbali. Imadziwika kwambiri chifukwa choyang'ana kulungamitsidwa kwabizinesi komanso zolemba zambiri.

PRISM (Kuphatikizika kwa Ntchito, Kuchuluka, Nthawi, ndi Kasamalidwe Kazinthu)

PRISM ndi njira yoyendetsera polojekiti yopangidwa ndi Project Management Institute (PMI). Amapereka dongosolo lathunthu lomwe limaphatikizapo kuphatikiza, kukula, nthawi, ndi kasamalidwe kazinthu. PRISM ikugogomezera njira yokonzedweratu yokonzekera polojekiti, kuphatikizapo ndondomeko monga kufotokozera zolinga za polojekiti, kupanga mapangidwe owononga ntchito, kukonzekera ntchito, ndi kugawa chuma.

zokhudzana: Zithunzi Zabwino Kwambiri Zokonzekera mu 2024 | Tsitsani Kwaulere

Kodi Zida Zina Zokonzekera Pulojekiti ndi Mapulogalamu Ndi Chiyani?

Zida zokonzekera mapulojekiti ndi mapulogalamu akhala ofunikira kwambiri pakuwongolera projekiti m'mabizinesi othamanga komanso amphamvu masiku ano. Monga woyang'anira polojekiti, mungafune kuyang'ana malingaliro apamwamba awa:

Microsoft Project ndi pulogalamu yokonzekera polojekiti yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri ndi akatswiri m'mafakitale osiyanasiyana. Imakhala ndi zinthu zingapo zamphamvu zowongolera ntchito, zothandizira, nthawi, ndi bajeti.

Asana ndi chida chosinthira projekiti chomwe chimadziwika chifukwa champhamvu zake komanso kusinthasintha. Limapereka nsanja yapakati kuti magulu akonzekere, kukonza, ndikutsata ma projekiti moyenera.

Trello ndi pulogalamu yodziwika bwino yokonzekera ntchito yomwe imadziwika chifukwa cha kuphweka kwake komanso mawonekedwe ake. Mawonekedwe ake osavuta kugwiritsa ntchito amakhala ndi ma board, mindandanda, ndi makhadi, omwe amalola magulu kuti akonzekere ndikuyika ntchito patsogolo mwachangu.

zokhudzana: Malangizo 10 Ogwiritsira Ntchito Asana Project Management Mogwira mtima mu 2024

Kodi Njira 10 Zokonzekera Ntchito Ndi Chiyani?

Ndondomeko yokonzekera polojekiti imasiyana malinga ndi bungwe ndi bungwe, malingana ndi kukula ndi kukula kwa polojekitiyo. Otsogolera ena angakonde njira 10 zokonzekera polojekiti motere:

1. Kufotokozera zolinga ndi zolinga za polojekiti.
2. Dziwani okhudzidwa ndi polojekiti.
3. Chitani kafukufuku wokwanira wa polojekiti.
4. Kupanga dongosolo latsatanetsatane lantchito (WBS).
5. Dziwani kudalira kwa projekiti ndi kutsatizana kwa ntchito.
6. Ganizirani zofunikira zazinthu ndikupanga dongosolo lothandizira.
7. Konzani ndondomeko yeniyeni ya polojekiti.
8. Dziwani ndikuwunika zoopsa za polojekiti.
9. Pangani dongosolo loyankhulana.
10. Pezani zilolezo za polojekiti ndikumaliza dongosolo la polojekiti.

Mafunso Ofunsidwa Kawirikawiri

Maganizo Final

Ndikofunika kuzindikira kuti kukonzekera polojekiti ndi njira yabwino kwambiri kuti zonse zikhale bwino. Ngakhale mapulogalamu okonzekera pulojekiti angathandize kupititsa patsogolo zokolola za polojekitiyi, chonde musatenge mopepuka, udindo wa woyang'anira polojekiti ndi kugwirizana kwamagulu ndizofunikira kwambiri.

Choncho, musaiwale kukhala ndi msonkhano woyamba kulumikiza magulu onse kumayambiriro kwa polojekiti ndi maphunziro a luso kuti muwonetsetse kuti magulu anu akuchita bwino komanso amalimbikitsidwa panthawi yonse ya polojekiti. Ngati mukufuna maphunziro ochulukirapo komanso osangalatsa amisonkhano, AhaSlides akhoza kukhala bwenzi lanu lapamtima ndi zambiri zaulere zapamwamba ndi ma templates ndi ndondomeko yopikisana yamitengo yamakampani onse.

Ref: BIJU | Mapulani a sabata | Cholinga cha mphunzitsi