Yintoni i inkqubo yocwangciso lweprojekthi kulawulo lweprojekthi?
Ulawulo olululo lweprojekthi lubandakanya amanyathelo amahlanu asisiseko: Ukuqaliswa kokuQala, ukuCwangciswa, ukuPhunyezwa, ukuBeka iliso kunye noLawulo, kunye nokugqiba ngoValo. Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuba akukho nanye kwiiprojekthi eziphumeleleyo enokungahoyi nasiphi na kwezi zigaba, ngakumbi inkqubo yocwangciso lweprojekthi egcina yonke into ilandele umkhondo, efana nokuhanjiswa ngexesha nangebhajethi.
Ukucwangciswa kweprojekthi kusembindini womjikelo wobomi beprojekthi, nto leyo ethetha ukuba sesona sigaba singumngeni. Nangona kunjalo, kusoloko kukho indlela yokufika apho.
Kweli nqaku, sifunda ngakumbi malunga nokucwangciswa kweprojekthi, inkcazo, imizekelo, inkqubo, kunye nezinye izixhobo zokucwangcisa ukukunceda uqonde ngcono inkqubo yokucwangcisa iprojekthi kwaye ufunde indlela yokujongana nobunzima bayo.
Iingcebiso zokuthethana ngcono
Ngaba ujonge indlela yokunxibelelana yokulawula iprojekthi yakho ngcono?
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Ithini inkcazo yoCwangciso lweProjekthi?
Ukucwangciswa kweprojekthi kunokuchazwa njengenkqubo ecwangcisiweyo yokuchaza, ukulungelelanisa, kunye nokuqulunqa amanyathelo ayimfuneko kunye nezibonelelo ezifunekayo ukuze kuphunyezwe injongo ethile ngexesha elibekiweyo. Yindlela esebenzayo ebandakanya ukuchonga iinjongo, ukuseka umkhombandlela, kunye nokwabiwa kwezibonelelo zokwandisa imveliso kunye nokunciphisa imingcipheko.
Amanqanaba asi-7 eNkqubo yoCwangciso lweProjekthi
Kweli candelo, sihlalutya kumanyathelo asi-7 abandakanyekayo kucwangciso lweprojekthi ngolu hlobo lulandelayo:
Inqanaba 1: Ukuchaza iiNjongo zeProjekthi kunye neMida
Inqanaba lokuqala lenkqubo yocwangciso lweprojekthi lijikeleza ekuchazeni ngokucacileyo iinjongo zeprojekthi kunye nobubanzi. Oku kubandakanya ukuqonda iziphumo ezinqwenelekayo, ukuchonga abachaphazelekayo, kunye nokuseka iinjongo ezinokulinganiswa. Ukuchaza imida yeprojekthi, ukunikezelwa, kunye nezithintelo kubeka isiseko semisebenzi yokucwangcisa elandelayo.
Ngokomzekelo, i-Nike ibeka injongo yokuthengisa ukuthengisa iiyunithi ze-3,00,000 ngonyaka ozayo, eziphakamisa i-30% xa kuthelekiswa nokuthengiswa kwangoku.
Inqanaba 2: Ukuqhuba uVavanyo lweProjekthi eBanzi
Uphononongo lweprojekthi olucokisekileyo lubalulekile ekuthathweni kwezigqibo ezinolwazi kunye nokunciphisa umngcipheko. Eli nqanaba libandakanya ukwenza uhlalutyo olunzulu lweemfuno zeprojekthi, izibonelelo, iingozi ezinokubakho, kunye nokuxhomekeka. Ngokuphonononga ukwenzeka kweprojekthi, ukusebenza, kunye nemingeni enokubakho, abacwangcisi banokuchonga izinto ezibalulekileyo zempumelelo kwaye baphuhlise izicwangciso zokujongana nemiqobo yendlela enokubakho.
Inqanaba lesi-3: Ukuphuhliswa koLwakhiwo loLwahlulo loMsebenzi (WBS)
Kweli nyathelo locwangciso lweprojekthi, yonke iprojekthi yahlulahlulwe yangamacandelo amancinci, alawulekayo. Le ndlela ibizwa ngokuba yi-work breakdown structure (WBS) ebonelela ngokumelwa kwemigangatho yemisebenzi, imisebenzi engaphantsi, kunye nokunikezelwa, ukuqinisekisa ukucaca kunye nombutho. Iququzelela ulwabiwo lwezibonelelo, kunye nolandelelwano lwemisebenzi, kwaye iseke isakhelo esinengqiqo sokwenziwa kweprojekthi.
Inqanaba lesi-4: Ukuqikelela iZibonelelo kunye nokuSekwa kwamaxesha amisiweyo
Uqikelelo lwezibonelelo kunye nokusekwa kwexesha elimisiweyo kukwabalulekile kwimpumelelo yocwangciso lweprojekthi. Eli nqanaba lijolise ekuqinisekiseni abasebenzi abayimfuneko, ulwabiwo lwebhajethi, kunye nezixhobo ezifunekayo kumsebenzi ngamnye. Ngokuqwalasela ukuxhomekeka komsebenzi, izinto eziphambili, kunye nezibonelelo ezikhoyo, abacwangcisi okanye abaphathi banokuphuhlisa amaxesha afanelekileyo, ukuchonga imida ephambili endleleni.
Inqanaba lesi-5: Ukuchongwa koMngcipheko kunye nezicwangciso-qhinga zokuwunciphisa
Akukho projekthi ingenamingcipheko, kwaye ukulungisa kwangethuba kubalulekile ekuqhubeni isicwangciso. Ngeli nqanaba, iingozi ezinokubakho kunye nokungaqiniseki zichongwa, zihlalutywe, kwaye zibekwe phambili. Amaqhinga asebenzayo ayaphuhliswa ukunciphisa imingcipheko, okubandakanya izicwangciso zengozi, iindlela zokudluliselwa komngcipheko, kunye nezinye iindlela zokwenza. Ukubekwa kweliso okuthe gqolo komngcipheko kunye novavanyo kuqinisekisa ukuguquguquka kumjikelo wobomi beprojekthi.
Inqanaba lesi-6: Unxibelelwano kunye nokuBambisana nabachaphazelekayo
Njengeglu, unxibelelwano olusebenzayo lunokubamba iprojekthi kunye. Ukuseka isicwangciso sonxibelelwano esichaza amajelo, amaxesha ngamaxesha, kunye nokubandakanyeka kwabachaphazelekayo kuyafuneka. Uhlaziyo lwemeko yarhoqo, iingxelo zenkqubela phambili, neengxoxo zentsebenziswano zikhuthaza ukungafihli, ziphucula ulungelelwaniso, nokulawula okulindelweyo kwabachaphazelekayo.
Inqanaba lesi-7: Ukubeka iliso, ukuLawula, kunye noVavanyo
Ukufikelela ekugqibeleni kwisicwangciso-nkqubo esisebenzayo sokucwangcisa iprojekthi linqanaba eliqhubekayo lokubeka iliso kunye novavanyo. Eli nqanaba lijolise ekulandeleni inkqubela phambili, ukuyithelekisa nezigaba ezimisiweyo, nokuchonga ukunxaxha. Ukuba kukho imfuneko, uhlengahlengiso lwenziwa ukulungelelanisa iprojekthi kunye neenjongo zayo. Izifundo ezifundiweyo zibhalwe phantsi, zivumela ukudluliselwa kolwazi kunye nokuphuculwa kwexesha elizayo.
Ngawaphi aMalungu oCwangciso lweProjekthi?
Nazi izinto ezisi-7 eziphambili zenkqubo yocwangciso lweprojekthi:
- Umda wocwangciso kulawulo: Cacisa ngokucacileyo imida kunye neenjongo zeprojekthi.
- Ulwakhiwo loLwahlulo lomsebenzi (WBS): Ukwahlula iprojekthi ibe yimisebenzi emincinci, elawulekayo.
- Ixesha kunye neMilestones: Ukuseka umda wexesha wokwenyani kunye nokuseta amanyathelo okulandelela inkqubela.
- Ukwabiwa kwezixhobo: Ukuchonga nokwabiwa kwezibonelelo eziyimfuneko, kubandakanywa abasebenzi, uhlahlo lwabiwo-mali kunye nezixhobo.
- Uhlalutyo loMngcipheko kunye nokuNcitshiswa: Ukuchonga imingcipheko enokubakho kunye nokuphuhlisa izicwangciso-qhinga zokuyinciphisa.
- Isicwangciso soNxibelelwano: Ukuseka amajelo onxibelelwano asebenzayo ukuququzelela ulungelelwaniso nentsebenziswano phakathi kwabachaphazelekayo beprojekthi.
- Ukubeka iliso kunye noVavanyo: Ukuphumeza iindlela zokubeka iliso kwinkqubela phambili yeprojekthi kunye nokuvavanya ukusebenza ngokuthelekiswa nee-KPIs ezichazwe kwangaphambili.
Kutheni iProjekthi yoCwangciso lweNkqubo iyimfuneko?
Yandisa ukusebenza kweprojekthi kunye nokuba nokwenzeka kokuphumelela
Kukho izizathu ezininzi zokuba kutheni iiprojekthi zingaphumeleli kwaye enye yazo kukungaphumeleli ukuchaza iinjongo, iinjongo, kunye noxanduva phakathi kwamalungu eqela (kufutshane ne-39% eqikelelwayo). Iprojekthi ayizi kuhamba kakuhle ukuba amalungu eqela abhidekile malunga neendima kunye noxanduva lwawo. Ngaphezu koko, ukungabikho kweenjongo ezicacileyo kunye neenjongo okanye ukungaqondi kakuhle isikhokelo kunye nenjongo yeprojekthi kunokukhokelela ekungalungelelaniseni kunye nokunqongophala kokugxila, okukhokelela kwi-glitches engalindelekanga, kunye nokunyuka komda.
Iphucula intsebenziswano yeqela kunye nonxibelelwano
Isicwangciso esicwangciswe kakuhle sidala ithuba lokuba amalungu eqela anxibelelane kwaye asebenzisane ngokufanelekileyo. Ngokukodwa xa kuziwa kwiiprojekthi ezinqamlezileyo okanye ezinqamlezileyo, kunye nokubandakanyeka kwabasebenzi abaninzi kunye neengcali ezivela kwiimvelaphi ezahlukeneyo ezisebenza kunye, indima yokucwangcisa ibonakala ngakumbi. Ngenxa yoko, unxibelelwano olucacileyo kunye nentsebenziswano kuphucula ukusebenza kweqela, ukukhuthaza umbono okwabelwana ngawo, iingxabano ezimbalwa zabasebenzi, kunye nokukhuthaza indawo yeprojekthi efanelekileyo.
Iqinisekisa ukusetyenziswa ngokupheleleyo kwezibonelelo
Ucwangciso lolona qheliselo lolona lubalaseleyo lokusetyenziswa kwemithombo yobutyebi kuquka ixesha, izibonelelo zabasebenzi, uhlahlo lwabiwo-mali, izixhobo, kunye nemathiriyeli. Ngokuchonga izixhobo ezifunekayo kwangaphambili, iqela leprojekthi linokuqinisekisa ukuba izixhobo ezifanelekileyo ziyafumaneka ngexesha elifanelekileyo, ukunciphisa ukulibaziseka, kunye nokuphindaphinda, kunye nokuphucula ukusebenza kakuhle.
Inciphisa imingcipheko kunye nemiba engalindelekanga
Ngokuchonga imingcipheko kwangethuba, iqela leprojekthi linokuphuhlisa izicwangciso zesicwangciso sokuphendula umngcipheko kunye nezicwangciso zokuhlangabezana nazo. Le ndlela yokusebenza inceda ekunciphiseni ukubakho kunye neempembelelo zomngcipheko, ukuphucula ukusebenza kweprojekthi kunye nokunciphisa amathuba okusilela.
Yeyiphi eyona Nkqubo iBalaseleyo yoCwangciso lweProjekthi?
Ukulungiselela ucwangciso olungcono lweprojekthi kunye nokoyisa imingeni ekunokuhlangatyezwana nayo ngexesha locwangciso, kufanelekile ukuba kuqwalaselwe iindlela ezithile zocwangciso lweprojekthi. Babhekisa kwiindlela ezicwangcisiweyo kunye nezikhokelo ezisetyenziselwa ukucwangcisa ngokufanelekileyo kunye nokulawula iiprojekthi.
UCwangciso lweengxangxasi
Indlela yokusebenza ye-Waterfall yindlela elandelelanayo eyahlula iprojekthi ngokwezigaba ezahlukeneyo, isigaba ngasinye sisakha kwesangaphambili. Kulandela ukuqhubela phambili komgca, apho isigaba ngasinye kufuneka sigqitywe phambi kokuba sidlulele kwesinye. Amanqanaba aphambili abandakanya iimfuno zokuqokelela, ukuyila, uphuhliso, uvavanyo, ukusasazwa kunye nokugcinwa. I-waterfall ifaneleke kakhulu kwiiprojekthi ezineemfuno ezichazwe kakuhle kunye nezizinzileyo.
I-PRINCE2 (Iiprojekthi ezikwiiNdawo eziLawulwayo)
I-PRINCE2 yindlela yokulawula iprojekthi esekelwe kwinkqubo esetyenziswa kakhulu e-United Kingdom nakwihlabathi jikelele. Ibonelela ngesakhelo esicwangcisiweyo sokucwangciswa kweprojekthi, ukubeka iliso kunye nokulawula. I-PRINCE2 yahlula iiprojekthi ngokwezigaba ezilawulekayo kwaye igxininisa ulawulo olusebenzayo, ulawulo lomngcipheko, kunye nokubandakanyeka kwabachaphazelekayo. Yaziwa ngokubanzi ngokugxila kwayo ekuthetheleleni ishishini kunye namaxwebhu abanzi.
I-PRISM (Ukudityaniswa kweeProjekthi, uMda, ixesha, kunye noLawulo lweZibonelelo)
I-PRISM yindlela yokulawula iprojekthi eyenziwe yiProjekthi yoLawulo lweProjekthi (PMI). Ibonelela ngesakhelo esibanzi esibandakanya indibaniselwano, umda, ixesha, kunye nolawulo lwemithombo. I-PRISM igxininisa indlela ecwangcisiweyo yokucwangcisa iprojekthi, ukubandakanya iinkqubo ezifana nokuchaza iinjongo zeprojekthi, ukudala izakhiwo zokuqhawula umsebenzi, ukucwangcisa imisebenzi, kunye nokwabiwa kwezibonelelo.
Ziziphi ezinye zeZixhobo zoCwangciso lweProjekthi kunye neSoftware?
Izixhobo zokucwangcisa iprojekthi kunye nesoftware ziye zaba yimfuneko kulawulo lweprojekthi olusebenzayo kushishino lwanamhlanje olukhawulezayo noluguquguqukayo. Njengomphathi weprojekthi, unokufuna ukujonga ezi ngcebiso ziphezulu:
Project Microsoft yinkqubo yocwangciso lweprojekthi ebanzi esetyenziswa kakhulu ziingcali kumashishini ahlukeneyo. Inika uluhlu lweempawu ezomeleleyo zokulawula imisebenzi, izixhobo, amaxesha kunye nohlahlo lwabiwo-mali.
asana sisixhobo sokucwangcisa iprojekthi esisebenza ngeendlela ezininzi esaziwa ngeempawu zayo ezomeleleyo kunye nokuguquguquka. Ibonelela ngeqonga eliphakathi ukuze amaqela acwangcise, aququzelele, kwaye alandelele iiprojekthi ngempumelelo.
Trello yinkqubo yesoftware edumileyo yokucwangcisa umsebenzi eyaziwa ngokuba lula kunye nokunomtsalane okubonakalayo. Ujongano lwayo olusebenziseka lula lubandakanya iibhodi, uluhlu, kunye namakhadi, okuvumela amaqela ukuba alungelelanise kwaye abeke phambili imisebenzi ngaphandle komgudu.
Ngawaphi aManyathelo ali-10 oCwangciso lweProjekthi?
Inkqubo yokucwangcisa iprojekthi iyahluka ukusuka kwintlangano ukuya kwintlangano, kuxhomekeke kububanzi kunye nobukhulu beeprojekthi. Abanye abaphathi banokukhetha amanyathelo ali-10 ocwangciso lweprojekthi ngolu hlobo lulandelayo:
- Chaza iinjongo zeprojekthi kunye neenjongo.
- Ukuchonga abachaphazelekayo kwiprojekthi.
- Yenza uhlalutyo olucokisekileyo lomda weprojekthi.
- Phuhlisa ulwakhiwo oluneenkcukacha lomsebenzi (WBS).
- Ukumisela ukuxhomekeka kweprojekthi kunye nolandelelwano lwemisebenzi.
- Qikelela iimfuno zezibonelelo kwaye wenze isicwangciso sobutyebi.
- Phuhlisa ishedyuli yeprojekthi eyinyani.
- Chonga kwaye uvavanye umngcipheko weprojekthi.
- Yenza isicwangciso sonxibelelwano.
- Fumana iimvume zeprojekthi kwaye ugqibezele isicwangciso seprojekthi.
Imibuzo ebuzwa qho
Yintoni eyona nto ibalulekileyo kucwangciso lweprojekthi?
Kwinkqubo esebenzayo yocwangciso lweprojekthi, ukuchonga ukuba yeyiphi eyona nto iphambili ekuya kuthi inikezelwe kwaye inikezelwe ngubani ngexesha elibekiweyo elibaluleke kakhulu, nto leyo echaphazela inkqubela yeprojekthi iphela.
Kutheni ukucwangcisa kubaluleke kakhulu kulawulo?
Ukucwangciswa kweprojekthi kunye nokucwangcisa kunokuqwalaselwa njengenyathelo lokuqala kunye neyona nto iphambili ekulawuleni iprojekthi. Ngaphandle kwesicwangciso esifanelekileyo, amathuba okuphumelela ancitshiswa kakhulu. Ibeka isiseko sokwenziwa nolawulo olusebenzayo lweprojekthi.
Iingcinga Final
Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuba ukucwangciswa kweprojekthi yeyona nkqubo ilungileyo yokugcina yonke into ihamba kakuhle. Ngelixa isoftware yokucwangcisa iprojekthi inokunceda ekuphuculeni imveliso yenkqubo yokucwangcisa iprojekthi, nceda ungayithathi lula, indima yomphathi weprojekthi kunye nolungelelwaniso lweqela ibaluleke kakhulu.
Ngoko ke, ungalibali ukuba ne intlanganiso yentshayelelo ukudibanisa onke amaqela ekuqaleni kweprojekthi kunye noqeqesho lwezakhono zokuqinisekisa ukuba amaqela akho aqhuba kakuhle kwaye akhuthazekile ngexesha leprojekthi yonke. Ukuba ufuna iintetho zentlanganiso ezibandakanyayo nezinika umdla okanye uqeqesho, AhaSlides inokuba liqabane lakho elilungileyo elineempawu ezininzi zasimahla kunye neetemplates kunye nesicwangciso samaxabiso esikhuphisanayo kuzo zonke iinkampani.
