Imibuzo eminingi yokukhetha (ama-MCQ) ayifomethi yemibuzo ehlelekile eyethula abaphenduli ngesiqu (umbuzo noma isitatimende) elandelwa isethi yezinketho zezimpendulo ezinqunywe kusengaphambili. Ngokungafani nemibuzo evulekile, ama-MCQ acindezela izimpendulo ezinqumweni ezithile, azenze zilungele ukuqoqwa kwedatha okujwayelekile, ukuhlola, nezinjongo zocwaningo. Uyazibuza ukuthi yiluphi uhlobo lombuzo olulungele inhloso yakho? Hlanganyela nathi ukuze uhlole izinhlobo ezingu-10 zemibuzo yokukhetha eminingi, kanye nezibonelo ezingezansi.
Okuqukethwe
Yimiphi Imibuzo Yokukhetha Okuningi?
Ngendlela elula kakhulu, umbuzo wokukhetha okuningi umbuzo owethulwa nohlu lwezimpendulo ezingase zibe khona. Ngakho-ke, ummangalelwa uzoba nelungelo lokuphendula inketho eyodwa noma ngaphezulu (uma kuvunyelwe).
Ngenxa yolwazi olusheshayo, olunembile kanye noluhlaziyeka kalula/idatha yemibuzo yokukhetha okuningi, isetshenziswa kakhulu kuzinhlolovo zempendulo mayelana namasevisi ebhizinisi, ulwazi lwamakhasimende, ulwazi lwemicimbi, ukuhlola ulwazi, njll.
Isibonelo, ucabangani ngesidlo esikhethekile sendawo yokudlela namuhla?
- A. Okumnandi kakhulu
- B. Akukubi
- C. Futhi evamile
- D. Hhayi ngokunambitheka kwami
Imibuzo enezinketho eziningi imibuzo evaliwe ngoba ukukhetha kwabaphendulayo kufanele kube nomkhawulo ukuze kube lula kwabaphendulayo ukukhetha nokubakhuthaza ukuthi bafune ukuphendula okwengeziwe.
Ezingeni lawo eliyisisekelo, umbuzo wokukhetha okuningi uqukethe:
- Umbuzo ocacile, omfushane noma isitatimende lokho kuchaza lokho okulinganisayo
- Izinketho eziningi zokuphendula (ngokuvamile ukukhetha okungu-2-7) okuhlanganisa kokubili izimpendulo ezilungile nezingalungile
- Ifomethi yokuphendula evumela ukukhetha okukodwa noma okuningi ngokusekelwe ezinhlosweni zakho
Umongo Womlando kanye Nokuziphendukela Kwemvelo
Imibuzo eminingi yokukhetha yavela ekuqaleni kwekhulu lama-20 njengamathuluzi okuhlola ezemfundo, okuqalwa ngawo UFrederick J. Kelly ngo-1914. Ekuqaleni yakhelwe ukugredwa ngempumelelo kwezivivinyo ezinkulu, ama-MCQ athuthuke ngaphezu kokuhlolwa kwezemfundo ukuze abe amathuluzi ayisisekelo ku:
- Ucwaningo lwemakethe nokuhlaziywa kokuziphatha kwabathengi
- Impendulo yabasebenzi kanye nezinhlolovo zenhlangano
- Ukuxilongwa kwezokwelapha kanye nokuhlolwa komtholampilo
- Ukuvota kwezepolitiki kanye nocwaningo lwemibono yomphakathi
- Ukuthuthukiswa komkhiqizo nokuhlolwa kokuhlangenwe nakho komsebenzisi
Amazinga okuqonda ku-MCQ Design
Imibuzo eminingi yokukhetha ingahlola amazinga ahlukene okucabanga, ngokusekelwe ku-Bloom's Taxonomy:
Izinga Lolwazi
Ukuhlola ukukhumbula amaqiniso, imigomo, nemiqondo eyisisekelo. Isibonelo: "Iyini inhloko-dolobha yaseFrance?"
Izinga Lokuqonda
Ukuhlola ukuqonda kolwazi kanye nekhono lokuhumusha idatha. Isibonelo: "Ngokusekelwe kugrafu ebonisiwe, iyiphi ikota enokukhula okuphezulu kokuthengisa?"
Izinga lohlelo lokusebenza
Ukuhlola ikhono lokusebenzisa ulwazi olufundiwe ezimweni ezintsha. Isibonelo: "Uma kubhekwa ukwenyuka okungu-20% kuzindleko zokukhiqiza, yiliphi isu lentengo elingagcina inzuzo?"
Izinga lokuhlaziya
Ikhono lokuhlola lokuhlukanisa ulwazi nokuqonda ubudlelwano. Isibonelo: "Iyiphi into okungenzeka ibe nomthelela ekwehleni kwezikolo zokwaneliseka kwamakhasimende?"
Izinga Lokuhlanganisa
Ikhono lokuhlola lokuhlanganisa izakhi ukuze udale ukuqonda okusha. Isibonelo: "Iyiphi inhlanganisela yezici ezingabhekana kangcono nezidingo zomsebenzisi ezikhonjiwe?"
Izinga Lokuhlola
Ikhono lokuhlola lokwahlulela inani nokwenza izinqumo ngokusekelwe kumibandela. Isibonelo: "Isiphi isiphakamiso esilinganisa kahle kakhulu ukusebenza kahle kwezindleko nokusimama kwemvelo?"
10 Izinhlobo Zemibuzo Yokukhetha Okuningi + Izibonelo
Idizayini yesimanje ye-MCQ ihlanganisa amafomethi amaningi, ngalinye lenzelwe izinjongo ezithile zocwaningo kanye nolwazi lwabaphenduli.
1. Khetha Okukodwa Imibuzo
- Injongo: Thola inketho eyodwa eyinhloko, umbono, noma impendulo efanele
- Okuhle kakhulu: Idatha yezibalo zabantu, okuthandwayo okuyinhloko, ulwazi lwangempela
- Izinketho ezifanele: 3-5 ukukhetha
Isibonelo: Uthini umthombo wakho oyinhloko wezindaba nezehlakalo zamanje?
- Izinkundla zokuxhumana
- Izindaba zethelevishini zendabuko
- Amawebhusayithi ezindaba aku-inthanethi
- Phrinta amaphephandaba
- Amaphodikhasti nezindaba ezilalelwayo
Imikhuba emihle kakhulu:
- Qinisekisa ukuthi izinketho zikhethekile
- Oda izinketho ngokunengqondo noma ngokungahleliwe ukuze uvimbele ukuchema
2. Imibuzo ye-Likert Scale
- Injongo: Linganisa izimo zengqondo, imibono, namazinga okwaneliseka
- Okuhle kakhulu: Izinhlolovo zokwaneliseka, ucwaningo lwemibono, ukuhlolwa kokusebenza kwengqondo
- Izinketho zesikali: 3, 5, 7, noma izilinganiso zamaphuzu angu-10
Isibonelo: Waneliseke kangakanani ngesevisi yethu yamakhasimende?
- Waneliseke ngokwedlulele
- Inelisekile kakhulu
- Nganeliseke ngokumaphakathi
- Nganeliseke kancane
- Anganelisekile neze
Ukucatshangelwa kwedizayini yesikali:
- Izikali eziyinqaba (5, 7-point) vumela izimpendulo ezingathathi hlangothi
- Ngisho nezikali (4, 6-iphuzu) phoqa abaphendulayo ukuthi bancike ezintweni ezinhle noma ezimbi
- Amahange e-Semantic kufanele icace futhi ihlukaniswe ngokulinganayo
3. Imibuzo Ekhethiwe Kaningi
- Injongo: Thwebula izimpendulo eziningi ezifanele noma ukuziphatha
- Okuhle kakhulu: Ukulandelela ukuziphatha, izici ezithandwayo, izici zezibalo zabantu
- Ukubhekelwa: Kungaholela ekuhlaziyeni okuyinkimbinkimbi
Isibonelo: Yiziphi izinkundla zokuxhumana ozisebenzisa njalo? (Khetha konke okusebenzayo)
- Twitter/X
- I-LinkedIn
- TikTok
- YouTube
- Snapchat
- Okunye (sicela usho)
Imikhuba emihle kakhulu:
- Bonisa ngokusobala ukuthi ukukhetha okuningi kuvunyelwe
- Cabangela umthwalo wokuqonda wezinketho eziningi kakhulu
- Hlaziya amaphethini okuphendula, hhayi nje ukukhetha komuntu ngamunye
4. Yebo/Cha Imibuzo
- Injongo: Ukuthatha izinqumo kanambambili kanye nokuhlonza okuthandwayo okucacile
- Okuhle kakhulu: Imibuzo yokuhlola, izintandokazi ezilula, imibandela yokufaneleka
- Izinzuzo: Amazinga aphezulu okuqeda, ukutolika kwedatha okucacile
Isibonelo: Ungawuncoma umkhiqizo wethu kumngane noma osebenza naye?
- Yebo
- Cha
Amasu okuthuthukisa:
- Landela ngokuthi "Kungani?" ukuze uthole imininingwane yekhwalithi
- Cabangela ukungeza okuthi "Angiqinisekile" ukuze uthole izimpendulo ezingathathi hlangothi
- Sebenzisa i-branching logic yemibuzo elandelayo
6. Imibuzo Yesikali Sokulinganisa
- Injongo: Linganisa ukuzizwisa, ukusebenza, noma ukuhlolwa kwekhwalithi
- Okuhle kakhulu: Ukubuyekezwa komkhiqizo, ukuhlolwa kwesevisi, ukukalwa kokusebenza
- Izinketho ezibonakalayo: Izinkanyezi, izinombolo, izilayidi, noma izikali ezichazayo
Isibonelo: Linganisela ikhwalithi yohlelo lwethu lokusebenza lweselula esikalini esingu-1-10: 1 (Kuyampofu) --- 5 (Isilinganiso) --- 10 (Kuhle kakhulu)
Amathiphu wokuqamba:
- Sebenzisa izikhombisi-ndlela zesikali ezingaguquki (1=phansi, 10=phezulu)
- Nikeza izincazelo zehange ezicacile
- Cabangela umehluko wamasiko ekuchazeni izilinganiso
7. Imibuzo Yezinga
- Injongo: Qonda ukuhleleka okubalulekile nokubaluleka okuhlobene
- Okuhle kakhulu: Ukubekwa phambili kwesici, uku-oda okuthandwayo, ukwabiwa kwezinsiza
- Ukulinganiselwa: Ubunkimbinkimbi bengqondo buyanda ngezinketho
Isibonelo: Beka izici ezilandelayo ngokulandelana kokubaluleka (1=okubaluleke kakhulu, 5=okubaluleke kakhulu)
- Inani
- Quality
- Insizakalo yekhasimende
- Isivinini sokulethwa
- Ukuhlukahluka komkhiqizo
Amasu okuthuthukisa:
- Cabangela izinga eliphoqelelwe ngokumelene nezinketho zezinga lengxenye
- Khawulela kuzinketho ezingu-5-7 zokuphatha ingqondo
- Nikeza imiyalelo ecacile yezinga
8. Imibuzo ye-Matrix/Igridi
- Injongo: Qoqa kahle izilinganiso ezintweni eziningi
- Okuhle kakhulu: Ukuhlolwa kwezibaluli eziningi, ukuhlola okuqhathanisayo, ukusebenza kahle kwenhlolovo
- Izingozi: Ukukhathala komphenduli, ukuziphatha okwanelisayo
Isibonelo: Linganisa ukwaneliseka kwakho ngengxenye ngayinye yenkonzo yethu
| Isici sesevisi | omuhle | Good | Isilinganiso | Kubi | Sihlupheka kakhulu |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Isivinini sesevisi | ○ | ○ | ○ | ○ | ○ |
| Ubungane babasebenzi | ○ | ○ | ○ | ○ | ○ |
| Ukulungiswa kwenkinga | ○ | ○ | ○ | ○ | ○ |
| Ukufaneleka kwemali ekhokhwayo | ○ | ○ | ○ | ○ | ○ |
Imikhuba emihle kakhulu:
- Gcina amathebula e-matrix ngaphansi kuka-7x7 (izinto x amaphoyinti esikali)
- Sebenzisa izikhombisi-ndlela zesikali esingaguquki
- Cabangela ukuhlela okungahleliwe kwento ukuze uvimbele ukuchema
9. Imibuzo Esekelwe Esithombeni
- Injongo: Ukuhlola okuthandwayo okubonakalayo nokuqashelwa komkhiqizo
- Okuhle kakhulu: Ukukhethwa komkhiqizo, ukuhlolwa kwedizayini, ukuhlolwa kwesikhalazo esibonakalayo
- Izinzuzo: Ukusebenzisana okuphezulu, ukusebenza kwamasiko ahlukene
Isibonelo: Iyiphi idizayini yewebhusayithi oyithola ithandeka kakhulu? [Isithombe A] [Isithombe B] [Isithombe C] [Isithombe D]
Ukucatshangelwa kokusetshenziswa:
- Nikeza omunye umbhalo ukuze ufinyeleleke
- Hlola kuwo wonke amadivayisi ahlukene nosayizi besikrini
10. Imibuzo yeqiniso/yamanga
- Injongo: Ukuhlolwa kolwazi kanye nokuhlola inkolelo
- Okuhle kakhulu: Ukuhlolwa kwezemfundo, ukuqinisekiswa kweqiniso, ukuvota kwemibono
- Ukubhekelwa: 50% amathuba okuqagela okulungile
Isibonelo: Izinhlolovo zokwaneliseka kwamakhasimende kufanele zithunyelwe phakathi kwamahora angama-24 okuthenga.
- Yiqiniso
- Amanga
Amasu okuthuthukisa:
- Engeza inketho ethi "Angazi" ukuze unciphise ukuqagela
- Gxila ezitatimendeni eziyiqiniso noma ezingamanga ngokusobala
- Gwema ama-absolute anjengokuthi "njalo" noma "ungasoze"
Ibhonasi: Izifanekiso Ezilula ze-MCQs
Imikhuba Engcono Kakhulu Yokudala Ama-MCQ Aphumelelayo
Ukudala imibuzo yokukhetha eminingi yekhwalithi ephezulu kudinga ukunakwa okuhlelekile ezimisweni zokuklama, izinqubo zokuhlola, nokuthuthukiswa okuqhubekayo okusekelwe kudatha nempendulo.
Ukubhala Iziqu Ezicacile Nezisebenzayo
Ukunemba nokucaca
- Sebenzisa ulimi oluqondile nolucacile olungashiyi indawo yokutolika ngokungeyikho
- Gxila emqondweni owodwa noma embonweni ngombuzo ngamunye
- Gwema amagama angadingekile angenayo incazelo
- Bhala ezingeni elifanele lezethameli ozihlosile
Iziqu eziphelele nezizimele
- Qinisekisa ukuthi isiqu singaqondwa ngaphandle kokufunda izinketho
- Faka yonke ingqikithi edingekayo kanye nolwazi lwangemuva
- Gwema iziqu ezidinga ulwazi lwenketho ethile ukuze uziqonde
- Yenza isiqu sibe umcabango ophelele noma umbuzo ocacile
Isibonelo sokuqhathanisa:
Isiqu esingesihle: "Ukumaketha kuwukuthi:" Isiqu Esithuthukisiwe: "Iyiphi incazelo ekuchaza kangcono ukumaketha kwedijithali?"
Isiqu esingesihle: "Into esiza amabhizinisi kakhulu:" Isiqu esithuthukisiwe: "Iyiphi into enomthelela omkhulu empumelelweni yamabhizinisi amancane onyakeni wokuqala?"
Ukuthuthukisa Izinketho Zekhwalithi Ephezulu
Isakhiwo esilinganayo
- Gcina ukwakheka kolimi olungaguquki kuzo zonke izinketho
- Sebenzisa imisho ehambisanayo kanye namazinga ayinkimbinkimbi afanayo
- Qinisekisa ukuthi zonke izinketho zigcwalisa isiqu ngendlela efanele
- Gwema ukuhlanganisa izinhlobo ezahlukene zezimpendulo (amaqiniso, imibono, izibonelo)
Ubude nemininingwane efanele
- Gcina izinketho zicishe zifane ngobude ukuze ugweme ukunikeza izinkomba
- Faka imininingwane eyanele ukuze ucaciselwe ngaphandle kokuningi
- Gwema izinketho ezimfishane kakhulu ukuthi zibe nengqondo
- Linganisa ubufushane ngolwazi oludingekayo
Inhlangano enengqondo
- Hlela izinketho ngokulandelana okunengqondo (ngokwezinhlamvu, izinombolo, ngokulandelana)
- Yenza ngokungahleliwe uma kungekho ukuhleleka kwemvelo okukhona
- Gwema amaphethini anganikeza izinkomba ezingahlosiwe
- Cabangela umthelela obonakalayo wesakhiwo senketho
Ukudala Iziphazamisi Ezisebenzayo
Ukuba sobala nokukholeka
- Dizayina iziphazamisi ezingaba zilungile kumuntu onolwazi olungaphelele
- Isekela izinketho ezingalungile emibonweni eyiphutha evamile noma amaphutha
- Gwema izinketho ngokusobala ezingalungile noma ezingenangqondo
- Hlola iziphazamisi enamalungu ezithameli eziqondiwe
Inani lezemfundo
- Sebenzisa iziphazamisi eziveza izikhala ezithile zolwazi
- Faka phakathi izinketho ezicishe ziphuthelwe ezihlola ukuhluka okuhle
- Dala izinketho ezikhuluma ngezinto ezehlukene zesihloko
- Gwema iziphazamisi ezingahleliwe noma ezingahlobene
Ukugwema izingibe ezivamile
- Gwema izimpawu zohlelo eziveza impendulo efanele
- Ungasebenzisi "konke okungenhla" noma "akukho kokungaphezulu" ngaphandle uma kunesidingo
- Gwema amagama aphelele njengokuthi "njalo," "ungalokothi," "kuphela" enza izinketho zibe zingalungile ngokusobala
- Ungafaki izinketho ezimbili ezisho into efanayo
Ungayakha Kanjani Imibuzo Elula Kodwa Ephumelelayo Yokukhetha Okuningi
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