Ezweni elishintsha njalo lezinhlangano, ukuthola nokubhekana nezizathu eziyinhloko zezinselele kubalulekile ekukhuleni kwesikhathi eside. I-Root Cause Analysis Method (RCA) iyindlela ehlelekile ehamba ngale kokubhekana nezimpawu, okuhloswe ngayo ukuveza izinkinga zangempela ezidala izinkinga. Ngokusebenzisa i-RCA, izinhlangano zingathuthukisa ikhono lazo lokuxazulula izinkinga, zenze izinqubo zisebenze kahle, futhi zihlakulele isiko lokuthuthuka okuqhubekayo.
Kulokhu okuthunyelwe kwebhulogi, sizohlola ukuthi iyini ngempela indlela yokuhlaziya imbangela, izinzuzo zayo, namathuluzi angu-5 ayisisekelo e-RCA.
Okuqukethwe
- Ithini Indlela Yokuhlaziya Imbangela?
- Izinzuzo Zokuhlaziywa Kwembangela Yomsuka
- 5 Amathuluzi Okuhlaziya Imbangela
- Izitoreji Eziyinhloko
- Imibuzo Evame Ukubuzwa
Ithini Indlela Yokuhlaziya Imbangela?
I-Root Cause Analysis Method iyindlela ehlelekile nehlelekile esetshenziselwa ukuhlonza nokuxazulula izinkinga ngaphakathi kwenhlangano.
Le ndlela, eyaziwa nangokuthi "ukuhlaziya imbangela yezimpande," isebenzisa amasu athile ukuze kutholwe izimbangela zezinkinga. Kudlula izimpawu ezisezingeni eliphezulu ukuze kufinyelele umsuka wenkinga. Ngokusebenzisa le ndlela, izinhlangano zingakwazi ukukhomba izici ezibalulekile ezibangela izinkinga futhi zithuthukise izixazululo ezisebenzayo.
Le ndlela iyingxenye yendlela ebanzi egcizelela ukuqonda kanye nokunciphisa izimbangela eziwumsuka ukuze kuvinjelwe ukuphinda kwezinkinga futhi kukhuthaze ukuthuthuka okuqhubekayo.
Izinzuzo Zokuhlaziywa Kwembangela Yomsuka
- Ukuvimbela Inkinga: Indlela Yokuhlaziya Imbangela Yomsuka isiza ekuhlonzeni izimbangela zezinkinga, okuvumela izinhlangano ukuthi zenze izinyathelo zokuvimbela. Ngokubhekana nezimbangela, izinhlangano zinganqanda ngokuqhubekayo ukuvela kwezinkinga, zinciphise amathuba ezinselele zesikhathi esizayo.
- Ukwenza Izinqumo Okuthuthukisiwe: Indlela Yokuhlaziya Imbangela Yomsuka inikeza ukuqonda okujulile kwezinto ezibangela izinkinga, okwenza kube nokuthatha izinqumo unolwazi. Izinhlangano zingenza izinqumo ezinamasu nezisebenzayo ngokubheka izimbangela, okuholela ekwabiweni okungcono kwezinsiza kanye nezixazululo zesikhathi eside.
- Amakhono Athuthukisiwe Okuxazulula Izinkinga: Indlela ehlelekile ye-RCA ithuthukisa amakhono aqinile okuxazulula izinkinga emaqenjini. Ikhuthaza ukuhlaziya okuphelele, inika amandla ukuzulazula okuphumelelayo kwezinselele futhi ikhuthaze isiko lokuthuthuka okuqhubekayo.
- Ukuthuthukisa Inqubo Ephumelelayo: Ukuthola izimpande nge-Root Cause Analysis indlela kuvumela imisebenzi ehlelekile. Lokhu kuholela ekusebenzeni okuthuthukisiwe, ukumosha okuncishisiwe, kanye nokwanda kokukhiqiza njengoba amaqembu egxila ekuxazululeni izinkinga ezibalulekile ekuhambeni kwawo komsebenzi.
5 Amathuluzi Okuhlaziya Imbangela
Ukuze kusetshenziswe ngempumelelo Indlela Yokuhlaziya Imbangela, kusetshenziswa amathuluzi ahlukahlukene ukuze kuphenywe ngendlela ehlelekile futhi kuqondwe izici ezibangela izinkinga. Lapha, sizohlola amathuluzi amahlanu abalulekile asetshenziswa kabanzi Indlela Yokuhlaziya Imbangela.
1/ Umdwebo we-Fishbone (Ishikawa noma Umdwebo we-Cause-and-Effect):
Umdwebo wethambo lezinhlanzi noma ukuhlaziya imbangela yezimpande indlela ye-fishbone iyisethulo esibonakalayo esiza ekuhlukaniseni nasekuhloleni izimbangela zenkinga ezingaba khona.
Ukwakheka kwayo kufana nohlaka lwamathambo ezinhlanzi, “amathambo” amele izigaba ezihlukene njengabantu, izinqubo, izinto zokusebenza, imvelo, nokunye. Leli thuluzi likhuthaza ukuhlola okuphelele kwezinto ezihlukahlukene ukuze kutholakale imbangela, linikeze umbono obanzi wendawo yenkinga.
Inqubo ibandakanya izikhathi zokuxoxisana ezihlanganyelwe lapho amalungu eqembu anikela khona ngezizathu ezingaba khona ngaphansi kwesigaba ngasinye. Ngokuhlela ngokubukeka lokhu okokufaka, ithimba lizuza ukuqonda ebudlelwaneni obuxhumene phakathi kwezici ezihlukahlukene, okusiza indlela eqondiswe kakhulu yokuhlaziya imbangela yezimpande.
2/5 Kungani:
Indlela ye-5 ye-whys yokuhlaziya imbangela yempande iyindlela eqondile kodwa enamandla yokubuza ekhuthaza amaqembu ukuthi abuze ngokuphindaphindiwe ukuthi "kungani" kuze kutholakale imbangela eyinhloko yenkinga.
Leli thuluzi licubungula ngokujulile izendlalelo zembangela, likhuthaze ukuhlola okuphelele kwezinkinga ezikhona. Imvelo ephindaphindayo yokubuza isiza ukususa izimpawu ezingaphezulu, iveze izici eziwumsuka ezibangela inkinga.
Indlela ye-5 ye-whys yokuhlaziywa kwembangela iyasebenza ngenxa yobulula nokufinyeleleka kwayo, okuyenza ibe ithuluzi elibalulekile lokuxazulula izinkinga ngokushesha kanye nokuhlonza imbangela. Ikhuthaza inqubo yokuhlola eqhubekayo edlula izimpendulo zokuqala ukuze ifinyelele umnyombo wendaba.
3/ Ukuhlaziywa kwePareto:
Pareto Analysis, okusekelwe Isimiso sePareto, iyithuluzi elisiza ukubeka phambili izindaba ngokugxila kokumbalwa okubalulekile kunokuningi okungasho lutho. Umgomo uphakamisa ukuthi cishe u-80% wemiphumela uvela ku-20% wezimbangela. Kumongo we-RCA, lokhu kusho ukugxilisa imizamo ezicini ezimbalwa ezibalulekile ezifaka isandla kakhulu enkingeni.
Ngokusebenzisa Ukuhlaziya Kwe-Pareto, amathimba angakwazi ukubona futhi abeke phambili imizamo yawo yokubhekana nezimbangela ezibalulekile ezizoba nomthelela omkhulu kakhulu ekuxazululeni izinkinga. Leli thuluzi liwusizo ikakhulukazi lapho izinsiza zilinganiselwe, kuqinisekisa indlela eqondiwe nephumelelayo ku-RCA.
4/ Imodi Yokwehluleka Nokuhlaziywa Komphumela (FMEA):
Ngokujwayelekile isetshenziswa ekukhiqizeni nasebunjiniyela, Imodi Yokwehluleka Nokuhlaziywa Komphumela (FMEA) indlela ehlelekile yokuhlonza kanye nokubeka phambili izindlela zokuhluleka ezingaba khona enqubweni ethile. I-FMEA ihlola Ukuqina, Isenzeko, kanye Nokutholwa kokwehluleka okungase kube khona, yabela izikolo kumbandela ngamunye.
I-FMEA iyindlela esiza amaqembu ukuthi abeke phambili ukugxila kwawo ezindaweni ezinengcuphe enkulu. Ngokuhlaziya umthelela ongaba khona, amathuba okuba khona, kanye nekhono lokubona ukwehluleka, amaqembu anganquma ukuthi yiziphi izindawo ezidinga ukunakwa kakhulu. Lokhu kuvumela amaqembu ukuthi akwazi ukwaba izinsiza zawo ngendlela efanele futhi abhekane nezinkinga ezingase zibe yinkinga ngaphambi kokuba zibe yinkinga.
5/ Umdwebo we-scatter:
I-Scatter Diagram iyithuluzi elibonakalayo elisetshenziswa ku-Root Cause Analysis ukuze kuhlolwe ubudlelwano phakathi kwezinto ezimbili eziguquguqukayo.
Ngokuhlela amaphuzu edatha kugrafu, iveza amaphethini, ukuhlobana, noma amathrendi, okusiza ekukhombeni okungaba khona ukuxhumana phakathi kwezinto. Lesi sithombe sinikeza indlela esheshayo nelula yokuqonda ubudlelwano phakathi kwedathasethi.
Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ukuhlola amandla okuguquguquka kwembangela kanye nomphumela noma ukuhlonza izici ezingaba nomthelela, Umdwebo we-Scatter ubaluleke kakhulu ekuqondeni ukusebenzisana kwezinto eziguquguqukayo kanye nokuqondisa ukuthathwa kwezinqumo zamasu ukuze kuxazululwe izinkinga ezimweni ezihlukahlukene zenhlangano.
Lawa mathuluzi ngokuhlanganyela akha ikhithi yamathuluzi eqinile yezinhlangano ezifuna ukusebenzisa i-Root Cause Analysis ngempumelelo. Ukuthi ukubona ngeso lengqondo ubudlelwano obuyinkimbinkimbi Nemidwebo ye-Fishbone, ukuhlola ngokujulile nge-5 Whys, ukubeka phambili imizamo nge-Pareto Analysis, noma ukulindela ukwehluleka nge-FMEA, ithuluzi ngalinye lidlala indima eyingqayizivele ekuhlonzweni okuhlelekile nasekuxazululeni izinkinga eziwumsuka, ukukhuthaza isiko lokuthuthuka okuqhubekayo ngaphakathi. inhlangano.
Izitoreji Eziyinhloko
Ukuqaliswa kwendlela yokuhlaziya umsuka kubalulekile ezinhlanganweni ezihlose ukubhekana nezinselele ngempumelelo. Ukwamukela izindlela ezihlelekile, njengezikhathi zokuxoxisana nokuhlukanisa ngezigaba, kuqinisekisa ukuhlolwa okuphelele kwezinkinga eziwumsuka.
Ukwandisa le mizamo, sebenzisa AhaSlides emihlanganweni kanye nezikhathi zokubonisana kuvela njengokushintsha umdlalo. AhaSlides isiza ukubambisana kwesikhathi sangempela, inikeze amathuluzi asebenzayo wokuhlanganisa ingqondo okuguquguqukayo nokuxazulula izinkinga ngokuhlanganyela. Ngokusebenzisa amandla AhaSlides, izinhlangano azigcini nje ngokuqondisa izinqubo zokuhlaziya imbangela yazo kodwa futhi zikhuthaza indawo yokusebenzelana nokusungula izinto ezintsha.
Imibuzo Evame Ukubuzwa
Yiziphi izinyathelo ezi-5 zokuhlaziya imbangela eyisisekelo?
- Chaza Inkinga: Yisho ngokucacile inkinga noma udaba ukuze luhlaziywe.
- Qoqa Idatha: Hlanganisa idatha efanelekile ehlobene nenkinga.
- Thola Izimbangela Ezingaba Khona: Cabanga ngekhanda ukuze ukhiqize uhlu lwezimbangela ezingase zibe khona.
- Hlaziya Izimbangela: Hlaziya izimbangela ezihlonziwe, ulinganise ukubaluleka kwazo kanye nokuhlobana kwenkinga.
- Sebenzisa Izixazululo: Yakha futhi wenze izinyathelo zokulungisa ngokusekelwe kumsuka okhonjiwe. Gada imiphumela ukuze uthole intuthuko eqhubekayo.
Ithini indlela 5 Whys?
I-5 Whys iyindlela yokubuza esetshenziswa ekuhlaziyweni kwezimpande ukuze kuhlolwe ngokuphindaphindiwe ubudlelwano bembangela-nomphumela ngemuva kwenkinga. Inqubo ibandakanya ukubuza ukuthi "kungani" ngokuphindaphindiwe, ngokuvamile izikhathi ezinhlanu, ukuze kwambulwe izingqimba ezijulile zembangela kuze kutholakale imbangela eyisisekelo.
