A cikin rahoton na baya-bayan nan, adadin ayyukan yi a shekarar da ta gabata ya kai kusan kashi 56% a duk duniya, wanda ke nufin kusan rabin ma’aikatan ba su da aikin yi. Amma shi ne kawai 'tip na kankara'. Akwai ƙarin haske da za a duba idan ya zo ga rashin aikin yi. Don haka, wannan labarin yana mai da hankali kan yin bayani 4 nau'in rashin aikin yi, ma'anarsu, da kuma dalilan da suka biyo baya. Fahimtar nau'ikan rashin aikin yi guda 4 yana da mahimmanci don auna lafiyar tattalin arzikin.
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Menene Rashin Aikin Yi?
rashin aikin yi yana nufin yanayin da mutanen da ke da ikon yin aiki ke neman aiki tukuru amma ba su sami ko ɗaya ba. Yawancin lokaci ana bayyana shi azaman kaso na jimlar ƙarfin aiki kuma shine mahimmin alamar tattalin arziki. Rashin aikin yi na iya haifar da abubuwa daban-daban, ciki har da koma bayan tattalin arziki, sauye-sauyen fasaha, sauye-sauyen tsari a masana'antu, da yanayin mutum ɗaya.
The rashin aikin yi yana wakiltar adadin marasa aikin yi a matsayin kaso na ma'aikata kuma ana ƙididdige su ta hanyar rarraba adadin ma'aikatan da ba su da aikin yi da kuma ninka sakamakon da 100. An taƙaita bayanan ƙarfin aiki ga mutane masu shekaru 16 da haihuwa.
Menene nau'ikan rashin aikin yi guda 4 a fannin tattalin arziki?
Rashin aikin yi na iya zama na son rai ko na son rai, wanda ya fada cikin manyan nau'ikan rashin aikin yi guda 4: juzu'i, tsari, zagaye, da nau'in cibiyoyi kamar haka:
4 Nau'in Rashin Aikin Yi - #1. Tashin hankali
Rashin aikin yi yana faruwa ne a lokacin da mutane ke cikin aiwatar da motsi tsakanin ayyuka ko shiga kasuwar aiki a karon farko. Ana la'akari da shi a matsayin wani ɓangare na halitta kuma wanda ba za a iya kaucewa ba na kasuwar aiki mai ƙarfi da haɓaka. Irin wannan rashin aikin yi sau da yawa na ɗan gajeren lokaci ne, yayin da daidaikun mutane ke ɗaukar lokaci don nemo ayyukan yi masu dacewa waɗanda suka dace da gwaninta da abubuwan da suke so.
Akwai dalilai da yawa da ya sa rashin aikin yi na juzu'i ya fi yawa:
- Mutane suna ƙaura don dalilai na sirri ko na sana'a, wanda ke haifar da tazara na ɗan lokaci a aikin.
- Mutanen da suka kammala karatunsu kwanan nan kuma suna shiga kasuwan aiki na iya fuskantar rashin aikin yi na ɗan lokaci yayin da suke neman aikinsu na farko bayan kammala karatunsu.
- Mutum da son rai ya bar aikinsa na yanzu don bincika mafi kyawun damar aiki kuma yana kan aiwatar da neman sabon aiki.
Don magance halin da ake ciki, kamfanoni da yawa suna ba da horon horo don sababbin masu digiri ko masu digiri na gaba. Hakanan akwai dandali da yawa na sadarwar da ke haɗa waɗanda suka kammala karatunsu da kasuwanci.
4 Nau'in Rashin Aikin Yi - #2. Tsarin tsari
Rashin aikin yi ya samo asali ne daga rashin daidaituwa tsakanin basirar da ma'aikata ke da shi da kuma basirar da ma'aikata ke bukata. Wannan nau'in ya fi tsayi kuma sau da yawa ana haifar da shi ta hanyar sauye-sauye na asali a cikin tattalin arziki.
Tushen tushen da ke haifar da haɓaka ƙimar rashin aikin yi sun haɗa da:
- Ci gaban fasaha na iya haifar da aiki da kai, da sanya wasu ƙwarewar aiki su zama waɗanda ba su da amfani yayin ƙirƙirar buƙatun sabbin ƙwarewa, galibi mafi ƙwarewa. Ma'aikatan da ke da ƙwararrun ƙwararru na iya samun ƙalubale don samun aikin yi ba tare da sake horarwa ba.
- Canje-canje a cikin tsarin masana'antu, kamar raguwar sassan masana'antu na gargajiya da haɓaka masana'antu masu dogaro da fasaha.
- An tattara damar yin aiki a wasu yankuna na yanki, da ma'aikata tare da dacewa basira suna cikin yankuna daban-daban.
- Haɓaka gasa ta duniya da fitar da ayyukan masana'antu zuwa ƙasashen da ke da ƙarancin kuɗin aiki ya yi tasiri ga gasa a cikin aikin.
Misali, dubban Amurkawa a masana'antar karafa, motoci, lantarki, da masaku sun rasa ayyukansu kuma sun zama marasa aikin yi saboda yawancin kamfanonin Amurka sun kara yawan fitar da kayayyaki a kasashe masu tasowa. Fitowar AI ya yi barazanar rasa aiki a masana'antu da yawa, musamman Manufacturer da Layukan Taro.
4 Nau'in Rashin Aikin Yi - #3. Siclical
Lokacin da tattalin arzikin ke cikin koma baya ko koma bayan tattalin arziki, buƙatun kayayyaki da ayyuka yawanci yana raguwa, wanda ke haifar da raguwar samarwa da aikin yi, wanda ke nufin rashin aikin yi na zagaye-zagaye. Yawancin lokaci ana ɗaukar shi na ɗan lokaci saboda an ɗaure shi da zagayowar kasuwanci. Yayin da yanayin tattalin arziƙin ya inganta, kasuwancin sun fara haɓaka kuma, wanda ke haifar da haɓaka samarwa da sake ɗaukar ma'aikata.
Za a iya lura da ainihin misali na rashin aikin yi na zagaye-zagaye a lokacin rikicin kuɗin duniya na 2008 da koma bayan tattalin arziki da ya biyo baya. Rikicin ya yi tasiri sosai kan masana'antu daban-daban, wanda ya haifar da asarar ayyukan yi da kuma karuwar rashin aikin yi a zagaye na biyu.
Wani misali kuma shi ne asarar aiki na miliyoyin mutane yayin tabarbarewar tattalin arziki da cutar ta COVID-19 ta haifar a shekarar 2020. Cutar ta yi tasiri sosai ga masana'antun sabis waɗanda suka dogara ga hulɗar mutum-mutumi, kamar baƙi, yawon shakatawa, gidajen abinci, da nishaɗi. Lockdowns yana haifar da kora daga aiki ko furloughs.
4 Nau'in Rashin Aikin Yi - #4. Na hukuma
Rashin aikin yi na hukumomi ba shi da yawa, wanda ke faruwa lokacin da daidaikun mutane ba su da aikin yi saboda dalilai na gwamnati da na al'umma da kuma karfafawa.
Bari mu dubi irin wannan nau'in:
- Yayin da dokokin mafi karancin albashi ke da nufin kare ma’aikata, su ne kuma babban abin da ke haifar da rashin aikin yi idan aka sanya mafi karancin albashin da aka wajabta sama da ma’auni na kasuwa. Masu ɗaukan ma'aikata na iya zama ba sa so ko kuma ba za su iya ɗaukar ma'aikata a matakin ƙarin albashi ba, wanda ke haifar da rashin aikin yi, musamman a tsakanin ma'aikata marasa ƙwarewa.
- Bayar da lasisin sana'a na iya zama shingen shiga wasu sana'o'i. Duk da yake yana da niyyar tabbatar da inganci da aminci, tsauraran buƙatun lasisi na iya iyakance damar aiki da haifar da rashin aikin yi, musamman ga waɗanda ba za su iya cika ka'idojin lasisi ba.
- Ayyukan daukar ma'aikata na nuna bambanci na iya haifar da damar da ba ta dace ba a cikin kasuwar aiki. Idan wasu ƙungiyoyin mutane suna fuskantar wariya, zai iya haifar da hauhawar rashin aikin yi ga waɗannan ƙungiyoyin kuma yana ba da gudummawa ga rashin daidaiton zamantakewa da tattalin arziki.
Magance Rashin Aikin yi
Yana da mahimmanci a gane cewa magance rashin aikin yi. Yayin da gwamnati, jama'a, da kasuwanci ke haɗin gwiwa kan yanayin kasuwancin aiki, samar da ƙarin ayyukan yi, ko haɗa ma'aikata tare da masu neman takara da kyau, daidaikun mutane kuma dole ne su koyi, sabunta, da daidaita kansu ga duniya mai saurin canzawa.
Ga wasu yunƙurin da aka yi don magance rashin aikin yi:
- Ƙarfafa ƙirƙirar shirye-shiryen horarwa da horarwa waɗanda ke ba da gogewa ta hannu ga daidaikun mutane masu shiga cikin ma'aikata.
- Haɓaka haɗin gwiwa tsakanin cibiyoyin ilimi da kasuwanci don sauƙaƙe sauƙaƙan sauyi daga ilimi zuwa aiki.
- Aiwatar da shirye-shiryen inshorar rashin aikin yi waɗanda ke ba da tallafin kuɗi yayin lokutan canjin aiki.
- Aiwatarwa shirye-shiryen sake fasaha ga ma'aikata a cikin raguwar masana'antu don taimaka musu su sami sabbin fasahohin da suka dace da sassan girma.
- Samar da albarkatu da shirye-shiryen jagoranci ga daidaikun mutane masu sha'awar fara kasuwancin nasu.
Maɓallin Takeaways
Kamfanoni da yawa suna fuskantar rashin hazaka, kuma daya daga cikin manyan dalilan shi ne mutane suna neman ayyukan yi, da ingantaccen al'adun kamfani, da wurin aiki. Idan kuna neman sabuwar hanya don shigar da ma'aikatan ku, yi amfani da AhaSlides azaman gada tsakanin ƙungiyoyin ku. Yana farawa tare da ƙirƙirar tsari mai ma'ana na kan jirgin, akai-akai kuma mai ban sha'awa na ginin ƙungiyar horarwa, da kuma tarurruka tare da hulɗa da haɗin gwiwa.
Tambayoyi da yawa:
Shin yanayin zagaye da yanayi iri ɗaya ne?
A'a, suna nufin kalma daban-daban. Rashin aikin yi na cyclical yana faruwa ne sakamakon sauyin yanayi a cikin zagayowar kasuwanci, tare da asarar ayyuka da ke faruwa a lokacin koma bayan tattalin arziki. Rashin aikin yi na lokaci-lokaci yana faruwa a lokacin da ake buƙatar aiki a wasu lokuta na shekara, kamar lokutan hutu ko lokutan noma.
Menene misalin rashin aikin yi na ɓoye?
Rashin aikin yi na ɓoye, wanda kuma aka sani da rashin aikin yi, wani nau'in rashin aikin yi ne wanda ba ya bayyana a cikin adadin rashin aikin yi na hukuma. Ya haɗa da mutanen da ba su da aikin yi, ma'ana suna aiki ƙasa da yadda suke so ko buƙata, ko kuma suna aiki da ayyukan da bai dace da ƙwarewarsu ko cancantar su ba. Har ila yau, ya shafi mutanen da suka karaya, ma'ana sun daina neman aiki saboda sun yi la'akari da cewa babu wani aiki da ya dace da sha'awar su. Misali, wanda ya kammala karatun jami'a wanda yake aiki a matsayin mai karbar kudi a babban kanti saboda ba zai iya samun aiki a fannin karatunsa ba.
Menene rashin aikin yi na son rai da son rai?
Rashin aikin sa kai shine lokacin da mutanen da suke iya aiki suka zaɓi ba za su yi aiki ba, duk da cewa akwai ayyukan da suka dace da su. Rashin aikin yi na son rai shine lokacin da mutanen da suke da ikon yin aiki kuma suna son yin aiki ba za su iya samun ayyukan yi ba, kodayake suna neman aiki sosai.
Menene nau'ikan rashin aikin yi guda 9?
Wani rarrabuwa ga rashin aikin yi ya kasu kashi 9 iri:
Rashin aikin yi na zagaye
Rashin Aikin Yi Na Gogayya
Abun aikin rashin aiki
Rashin aikin yi na dabi'a
Rashin Aikin Yi Na Tsawon Lokaci
Rashin aikin yi na zamani
Rashin aikin yi na gargajiya.
Rashin aikin yi.
Ref: Investopedia
