Mu lipoti laposachedwapa, chiwerengero cha anthu ogwira ntchito chaka chatha chinali pafupifupi 56% padziko lonse lapansi, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti pafupifupi theka la anthu ogwira ntchito alibe ntchito. Koma ili chabe ‘nsonga ya madzi oundana’. Pali kuzindikira kwina koyenera kuyang'ana pankhani ya ulova. Choncho, nkhaniyi ikugogomezera kufotokoza 4 mitundu ya ulova, matanthauzo awo, ndi zifukwa zake. Kumvetsetsa mitundu 4 ya ulova ndikofunikira pakuyesa thanzi lazachuma.
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Kodi Ulova N'chiyani?
ulova amatanthauza momwe anthu omwe angathe kugwira ntchito akufunafuna ntchito koma osaipeza. Nthawi zambiri amawonetsedwa ngati chiwerengero cha anthu onse ogwira ntchito ndipo ndi chizindikiro chachikulu chachuma. Ulova ukhoza kuchitika chifukwa cha zinthu zosiyanasiyana, monga kugwa kwachuma, kusintha kwaumisiri, kusintha kwa kamangidwe ka mafakitale, ndi mikhalidwe ya anthu.
The kusowa kwa ntchito imayimira chiwerengero cha anthu osagwira ntchito monga chiwerengero cha anthu ogwira ntchito ndipo amawerengedwa mwa kugawa chiwerengero cha anthu osagwira ntchito ndi anthu ogwira ntchito ndikuchulukitsa zotsatira za 100. Deta ya ogwira ntchito imangokhala kwa anthu a zaka 16 kapena kuposerapo.
Ndi Mitundu 4 Yanji Yopanda Ntchito mu Economics?
Ulova ukhoza kukhala wodzifunira kapena wodzifunira, womwe umagwera m'mitundu ikuluikulu inayi ya ulova: zosagwirizana, zomangika, zozungulira, komanso zamagulu motere:
Mitundu 4 ya Ulova - #1. Zosangalatsa
Kuchepetsa ulova zimachitika pamene anthu akuyenda pakati pa ntchito kapena kulowa msika wantchito kwa nthawi yoyamba. Imatengedwa ngati gawo lachilengedwe komanso losapeŵeka la msika wosinthika wa ntchito. Ulova wamtunduwu nthawi zambiri umakhala wanthawi yochepa, chifukwa anthu amatenga nthawi kuti apeze mwayi wogwira ntchito womwe umagwirizana ndi luso lawo komanso zomwe amakonda.
Pali zifukwa zingapo zomwe kusowa kwa ntchito kumakhala kofala kwambiri:
- Anthu amasamuka pazifukwa zaumwini kapena zantchito, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale kusiyana kwakanthawi pantchito.
- Anthu omwe amaliza maphunziro awo posachedwapa ndipo akulowa mumsika wa ntchito atha kukumana ndi ulova wovutirapo akafuna ntchito yoyamba akamaliza maphunziro awo.
- Munthu amasiya mwakufuna kwawo ntchito yomwe akugwira kuti akafufuze mwayi wabwino wantchito ndipo ali m'kati mosakasaka ntchito yatsopano.
Kuti athane ndi vutoli, makampani ambiri amapereka ma internship kwa omaliza maphunziro kapena omaliza maphunziro omwe akubwera. Palinso nsanja zambiri zapaintaneti zomwe zimalumikiza omaliza maphunziro ndi mabizinesi.
4 Mitundu ya Ulova - #2. Zomangamanga
Kusowa kwa ntchito kumayamba chifukwa cha kusagwirizana pakati pa maluso omwe ogwira ntchito ali nawo ndi luso lomwe mabwana amafunidwa. Mtundu uwu umakhala wolimbikira ndipo nthawi zambiri umayamba chifukwa cha kusintha kwakukulu kwachuma.
Mizu ikuluikulu yomwe imayambitsa kuchulukitsitsa kwa ulova wamapangidwe ndi:
- Kupita patsogolo kwaukadaulo kungapangitse kuti pakhale makina, kupangitsa maluso ena antchito kukhala otha ntchito pomwe akupanga maluso atsopano, omwe nthawi zambiri amakhala apadera. Ogwira ntchito omwe ali ndi luso lachikale akhoza kukhala ovuta kupeza ntchito popanda kuphunzitsidwanso.
- Kusintha kwa kapangidwe ka mafakitale, monga kuchepa kwa magawo azopanga zachikhalidwe komanso kukwera kwa mafakitale oyendetsedwa ndiukadaulo.
- Mwayi wa ntchito umapezeka m'madera ena, komanso ogwira nawo ntchito maluso oyenera zili m'madera osiyanasiyana.
- Kuwonjezeka kwa mpikisano wapadziko lonse lapansi komanso kutumizidwa kwa ntchito zopangira ntchito kupita kumayiko omwe ali ndi ndalama zochepa zogwirira ntchito zakhudza mpikisano pantchito.
Mwachitsanzo, anthu zikwizikwi a ku America m’mafakitale azitsulo, magalimoto, zamagetsi, ndi nsalu anachotsedwa ntchito ndi kukhala opanda ntchito chifukwa chakuti makampani ambiri a ku America anawonjezera kugulitsa ntchito kunja m’maiko osauka. Kutuluka kwa AI kwawopseza kutaya ntchito m'mafakitale ambiri, makamaka Manufacturing and Assembly Lines.
Mitundu 4 ya Ulova - #3. Zozungulira
Chuma chikagwa pansi, kufunikira kwa katundu ndi ntchito kumachepa, zomwe zimapangitsa kuchepa kwa kupanga ndi ntchito, zomwe zikutanthauza ulova wanthawi zonse. Nthawi zambiri imawonedwa ngati yakanthawi chifukwa imalumikizidwa ndi bizinesi. Zinthu zikayamba kuyenda bwino, mabizinesi amayambanso kukula, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti ntchito ziwonjezeke komanso kulembedwanso ntchito.
Chitsanzo chenicheni cha ulova wanthawi zonse ukhoza kuwonedwa panthawi yamavuto azachuma padziko lonse lapansi mu 2008 komanso kugwa kwachuma kotsatira. Vutoli lidakhudza kwambiri mafakitale osiyanasiyana, zomwe zidapangitsa kuti ntchito zichuluke komanso kuchuluka kwa ulova wanthawi zonse.
Chitsanzo china ndi kutaya ntchito ya anthu mamiliyoni ambiri panthawi yamavuto azachuma omwe adadza chifukwa cha mliri wa COVID-19 mu 2020. Mliriwu udakhudza kwambiri mafakitale ogwira ntchito omwe amadalira kucheza ndi anthu, monga kuchereza alendo, zokopa alendo, malo odyera, ndi zosangalatsa. Ma Lockdowns amabweretsa kuchulukirachulukira ndi kuchotsedwa ntchito.
Mitundu 4 ya Ulova - #4. Bungwe
Ulova m'mabungwe ndi nthawi yocheperako, yomwe imachitika pamene anthu akusowa ntchito chifukwa cha boma ndi chikhalidwe cha anthu komanso zolimbikitsa.
Tiyeni tiwone bwinobwino mtundu uwu:
- Ngakhale kuti malamulo amalipiro ochepera amayang'ana kuteteza ogwira ntchito, ndiwonso chinthu chachikulu chomwe chimatsogolera ku ulova ngati malipiro ochepera omwe amavomerezedwa ayikidwa pamwamba pamalipiro amsika. Olemba ntchito angakhale osafuna kapena osakhoza kulembera antchito a malipiro apamwamba, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti anthu azikhala opanda ntchito, makamaka pakati pa ogwira ntchito zochepa.
- Chilolezo cha ntchito chikhoza kukhala cholepheretsa kulowa ntchito zina. Ngakhale kuti cholinga chake ndi kuwonetsetsa kuti zinthu zili bwino ndi chitetezo, malamulo okhwima ovomerezeka amatha kuchepetsa mwayi wa ntchito ndikuyambitsa ulova, makamaka kwa iwo omwe sangathe kukwaniritsa zilolezo.
- Mchitidwe wolembera anthu watsankho ukhoza kubweretsa mwayi wosafanana pamsika wantchito. Ngati magulu ena a anthu akuyang'anizana ndi tsankho, zikhoza kuchititsa kuti anthu azikhala ndi ulova wambiri m'maguluwo ndikuthandizira kusagwirizana pakati pa anthu ndi zachuma.
Kuthana ndi Ulova
Ndikofunikira kuzindikira kuti kuthana ndi ulova. Ngakhale kuti boma, anthu, ndi mabizinesi amagwirizana pakusintha kwa msika wa ntchito, kupanga ntchito zambiri, kapena kulumikizana ndi olemba anzawo ntchito ndi omwe akufuna kukhala nawo bwino, anthu ayeneranso kuphunzira, kusintha, ndi kuzolowera dziko lomwe likusintha mwachangu.
Nazi zina zomwe zachitidwa pofuna kuthana ndi ulova:
- Limbikitsani kupanga mapulogalamu a internship ndi maphunziro omwe amapereka chidziwitso kwa anthu omwe akuyamba ntchito.
- Limbikitsani mgwirizano pakati pa mabungwe a maphunziro ndi mabizinesi kuti athandizire kusintha kosinthika kuchoka ku maphunziro kupita ku ntchito.
- Kukhazikitsa mapulogalamu a inshuwaransi ya ulova omwe amapereka chithandizo chandalama panthawi yakusintha kwantchito.
- Sungani kukonzanso mapulogalamu kwa ogwira ntchito m'mafakitale omwe akutsika kuti awathandize kupeza maluso atsopano okhudzana ndi magawo omwe akukula.
- Perekani zothandizira ndi mapulogalamu othandizira anthu omwe akufuna kuyambitsa bizinesi yawo.
Zitengera Zapadera
Makampani ambiri akukumana ndi kusowa kwa talente, ndipo chimodzi mwazifukwa zazikulu ndikuti anthu akufunafuna ntchito zosakanizidwa, chikhalidwe chamakampani abwino, komanso malo ogwirira ntchito. Ngati mukufuna njira yatsopano yolumikizirana ndi antchito anu, gwiritsani ntchito AhaSlides ngati mlatho pakati pamagulu anu. Zimayamba ndikupanga njira yabwino yolowera, kuphunzitsa pafupipafupi komanso kosangalatsa kopanga timagulu, ndi zokambirana zolumikizana ndi mgwirizano.
Mafunso Ofunsidwa Kawirikawiri:
Kodi cyclical ndi nyengo ndizofanana?
Ayi, amatanthauza mawu osiyana. Kusagwira ntchito kwapang'onopang'ono kumachitika chifukwa cha kusinthasintha kwa bizinesi, kutayika kwa ntchito kumachitika panthawi yamavuto azachuma. Ulova wanyengo umachitika panthawi yomwe kufunikira kwa anthu ogwira ntchito nthawi zina kumachepetsedwa, monga nyengo za tchuthi kapena zaulimi.
Kodi chitsanzo cha ulova wobisika ndi chiyani?
Ulova wobisika, womwe umadziwikanso kuti ulova wobisika, ndi mtundu wa ulova womwe suwonetsedwa pamlingo wovomerezeka wa ulova. Zimaphatikizapo anthu omwe alibe ntchito, kutanthauza kuti amagwira ntchito zochepa kuposa momwe amafunira kapena amafunikira, kapena amagwira ntchito zomwe sizikugwirizana ndi luso lawo kapena ziyeneretso zawo. Zimakhudzanso anthu amene akhumudwa, kutanthauza kuti asiya kufunafuna ntchito chifukwa akuganiza kuti palibe ntchito yomwe ikugwirizana ndi zofuna zawo. Mwachitsanzo, womaliza maphunziro a pakoleji amene amagwira ntchito yosunga ndalama m’sitolo yaikulu chifukwa chakuti sangapeze ntchito m’maphunziro ake.
Kodi ulova wodzifunira ndi wotani?
Ulova waufulu ndi pamene anthu okhoza kugwira ntchito amasankha kusagwira ntchito, ngakhale kuti pali ntchito zowayenerera. Ulova mwangozi ndi pamene anthu omwe ali okhoza ndi ofunitsitsa kugwira ntchito sangapeze ntchito, ngakhale kuti akufunafuna ntchito mwakhama.
Mitundu inayi ya ulova ndi chiyani?
Gulu lina la ulova lagawidwa m'mitundu 9:
Cyclical Ulova
Frictional Ulova
Ntchito Yopanda Ntchito
Ulova Wachilengedwe
Ulova Wanthawi Yaitali
Ulova wa Nyengo
Classical Ulova.
Ntchito yopanda ntchito.
Ref: Investopedia
