Mugwaro richangobuda, huwandu hwemabasa mugore rapfuura hwaive zvikamu makumi mashanu nezvitanhatu kubva muzana pasi rose, izvo zvinoreva kuti chidimbu chevashandi hachina mabasa. Asi ingori 'tip of the iceberg'. Pane nzwisiso yakawanda yekutarisa kana tasvika pakurovha. Nokudaro, chinyorwa ichi chakanangana nekutsanangura 4 mhando dzeurovha, tsananguro dzavo, uye zvikonzero zviri seri kwadzo. Kunzwisisa 4 marudzi ekushaya basa kwakakosha kuyera hutano hwehupfumi.
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Chii Chinonzi Urovha?
urovha inoreva mamiriro ezvinhu apo vanhu vanokwanisa kushanda vanenge vachitsvaka basa asi vasingariwani. Inowanzotaridzwa sechikamu chehuwandu hwevashandi uye chiratidzo chikuru chehupfumi. Kushaikwa kwemabasa kunogona kubva muzvikonzero zvakasiyana-siyana, zvinosanganisira kuderera kwehupfumi, shanduko yeruzivo rwemichina, kuchinja kwemaitiro mumaindasitiri, uye mamiriro emunhu.
The kushaya mabasa inomiririra nhamba yevasingashandi sechikamu chezana revashandi uye inoverengwa nekupatsanura nhamba yevashandi vasingashandi nevashandi uye kuwedzera mugumisiro ne100. Data yevashandi inongowanikwa kuvanhu vane makore gumi nematanhatu ekuberekwa zvichikwira.
Ndedzipi Mhando ina dzekusashanda muEconomics?
Kushaikwa kwemabasa kunogona kuve kwekuzvidira kana kusazvidira, izvo zvinowira mumhando ina huru dzekushaikwa: kupesana, kurongeka, cyclical, uye masangano mhando sezvinotevera:
4 Mhando dzeUrovha - #1. Frictional
Frictional kushaikwa kwemabasa zvinoitika kana vanhu vari mubishi rekufamba pakati pemabasa kana kupinda mumusika wevashandi kekutanga. Inoonekwa sechikamu chechisikigo uye chisingadzivisiki chemusika une simba uye unoshanduka webasa. Rudzi urwu rwekushaya basa kazhinji nderwenguva pfupi, sezvo vanhu vachitora nguva yekutsvaga mikana yebasa yakakodzera inofanana nehunyanzvi hwavo nezvavanoda.
Pane zvikonzero zvakati kuti nei kushaikwa kwemabasa kuri iko kwakanyanya:
- Vanhu vari kutama nekuda kwezvikonzero zvavo kana zvehunyanzvi, izvo zvinotungamira kune gaka renguva pfupi pabasa.
- Vanhu vachangobva kupedza dzidzo yavo uye vari kupinda mumusika wemabasa vanogona kusangana nekushaikwa kwemabasa pavanotsvaga basa ravo rekutanga rekupedza kudzidza.
- Munhu anozvidira kusiya basa rake razvino kuti aongorore mikana yebasa iri nani uye ari mubishi rekutsvaga basa idzva.
Kugadzirisa mamiriro acho ezvinhu, makambani mazhinji anopa mainternship kune vachangopedza kudzidza kana vanozopedza kudzidza. Kune zvakare akawanda networking mapuratifomu anobatanidza vakapedza kudzidza nemabhizinesi.
4 Mhando dzeUrovha - #2. Structural
Kushaikwa kwemabasa kunobva mukusawirirana pakati peunyanzvi hune vashandi uye unyanzvi hunodiwa nevashandirwi. Rudzi urwu runoramba ruchienderera uye rwunowanzokonzerwa nekuchinja kukuru muhupfumi.
Midzi mikuru inotungamira mukuwedzera mwero wekushaikwa kwemabasa inosanganisira:
- Kufambira mberi mune tekinoroji kunogona kutungamira kune otomatiki, kuita humwe hunyanzvi hwebasa kusashanda uku uchigadzira kudiwa kwehunyanzvi, kazhinji hunyanzvi. Vashandi vane hunyanzvi hwechinyakare vanogona kuwana zvakaoma kuwana basa pasina kudzidziswazve.
- Shanduko mukuumbwa kwemaindasitiri, sekuderera kwezvikamu zvekugadzira zvechinyakare uye kusimuka kwemaindasitiri anofambiswa nehunyanzvi.
- Mikana yebasa inonangana mune dzimwe nzvimbo dzenzvimbo, uye vashandi vane unyanzvi hwakakodzera dziri munzvimbo dzakasiyana.
- Kuwedzera kwemakwikwi epasirese uye kupihwa kunze kwemabasa ekugadzira kune nyika dzine mutengo wakaderera wevashandi zvakakanganisa kukwikwidza mumabasa.
Somuenzaniso, zviuru zvevanhu vokuAmerica vari mumaindasitiri esimbi, emotokari, emagetsi, uye machira vakarasikirwa nemabasa uye vakava kushaya mabasa nokuti makambani akawanda okuAmerica akawedzera kutengesera munyika dzichiri kusimukira. Kubuda kweAI kwakatyisidzira kurasikirwa nebasa mumaindasitiri mazhinji, kunyanya Kugadzira uye Magungano Lines.
4 Mhando dzeUrovha - #3. Cyclical
Kana hupfumi huri mukudzikira kana kudzikira, kudiwa kwezvinhu nemasevhisi kunowanzo kuderera, zvichikonzera kudzikiswa kwekugadzirwa uye basa, izvo zvinoreva kushaikwa kwemabasa. Inowanzoonekwa seyenguva pfupi nekuti yakasungirirwa kune bhizinesi kutenderera. Sezvo mamiriro ehupfumi achivandudza, mabhizinesi anotanga kukura zvakare, zvichikonzera kuwedzera kwekugadzirwa uye kupinza vashandi basa.
Muenzaniso chaiwo wehupenyu hwekushaikwa kwemabasa unogona kucherechedzwa panguva yedambudziko rezvemari repasi rose ra2008 uye kuderera kwehupfumi kwakatevera. Dambudziko iri rakakanganisa zvakanyanya maindasitiri akasiyana, zvichikonzera kurasikirwa kwemabasa kwakapararira uye kuwedzera kwekusashanda kwemabasa.
Mumwe muenzaniso ndewe kurasikirwa nebasa yemamiriyoni evanhu panguva yekuderera kwehupfumi kwakakonzerwa neCOVID-19 denda muna 2020. Denda iri rakakanganisa zvakanyanya maindasitiri ebasa anovimba nekudyidzana kwevanhu, sekugamuchira vaeni, kushanya, maresitorendi, uye varaidzo. Lockdowns inotungamira mukupararira kwakapararira uye furloughs.
4 Mhando dzeUrovha - #4. Institution
Urovha hwemasangano ishoko risinganyanyi kutaurwa, rinoitika kana vanhu vasingashande nekuda kwehurumende nemagariro uye zvinokurudzira.
Ngatitarisei zvakanyanya mhando iyi:
- Nepo mitemo yemuhoro yepasi ichivavarira kuchengetedza vashandi, ndiyo zvakare chinhu chikuru chinotungamira mukushaikwa kwemabasa kana muhoro wepasi wakatemerwa ukaiswa pamusoro pemuhoro wekuenzanisa pamusika. Vashandirwi vanogona kunge vasingade kana kusakwanisa kuhaya vashandi vane mihoro yakakwira, zvichikonzera kushaikwa kwemabasa, kunyanya pakati pevashandi vane hunyanzvi hwepasi.
- Kupihwa rezenisi rebasa kunogona kuve chipingamupinyi chekupinda kune mamwe mabasa. Kunyange ichivavarira kuve nechokwadi chemhando nekuchengeteka, zvinodikanwa zvekupihwa rezenisi zvinogona kudzikisira mikana yebasa uye kugadzira kushaikwa kwemabasa, kunyanya kune avo vasingakwanise kuzadzisa zviyero zverezinesi.
- Maitiro ekuhaya anosarura anogona kukonzera mikana isina kuenzana mumusika webasa. Kana mamwe mapoka evanhu akatarisana nerusarura, zvinogona kutungamirira kuhuwandu hwekushaikwa kwemabasa kumapoka iwayo uye kunobatsira mukusaenzana kwemagariro nehupfumi.
Kuita Nekushaya Basa
Zvakakosha kuziva kuti kugadzirisa urovha. Nepo hurumende, nzanga, nevemabhizinesi vachidyidzana pakusimukira kwemusika wemabasa, kugadzira mamwe mabasa, kana kubatanidza vashandirwi nevanogona kukwikwidza zvine mutsindo, vanhuwo zvavo vanofanirwa kudzidza, kugadzirisa, uye kuzvijaira kune nyika iri kukurumidza kuchinja.
Hedzino dzimwe nhamburiko dzakaitwa kubata nokushaikwa kwamabasa:
- Kurudzirai kugadzirwa kweinternship uye zvirongwa zvekudzidzira basa izvo zvinopa maoko-pane ruzivo kune vanhu vanopinda pabasa.
- Kurudzira kudyidzana pakati pezvikoro zvedzidzo nemabhizinesi kufambisa shanduko kubva padzidzo kuenda kubasa.
- Shandisa zvirongwa zveinishuwarenzi yekushaikwa kwemabasa izvo zvinopa rubatsiro rwemari panguva dzekuchinja kwebasa.
- Shingairira zvirongwa zvehunyanzvi kuvashandi vari mumaindasitiri ari kuderera kuti vavabatsire kuwana hunyanzvi hutsva hunoenderana nekukura kwezvikamu.
- Ipa zviwanikwa uye zvirongwa zvekupa mazano kune vanhu vanofarira kutanga mabhizinesi avo.
Zvitsva Zvitsva
Makambani mazhinji akatarisana nekushomeka kwetarenda, uye chimwe chezvikonzero chikuru ndechekuti vanhu vari kutsvaga mabasa akasanganiswa, tsika yekambani ine hutano, uye nzvimbo yebasa inobatika. Kana iwe uchitsvaga nzira yekuvandudza yekubatanidza vashandi vako, shandisa AhaSlides sebhiriji pakati pezvikwata zvako. Zvinotanga nekugadzira zvine musoro onboarding process, kazhinji uye inonakidza yekuvaka timu-yechokwadi kudzidziswa, uye maworkshops nekudyidzana nekubatana.
Inowanzobvunzwa Mibvunzo:
Ko cyclical uye mwaka zvakafanana?
Kwete, vanoreva izwi rakasiyana. Kushaikwa kwemabasa kunokonzerwa nekushanduka-shanduka kwebhizinesi, nekurasikirwa nemabasa kunoitika panguva yekuderera kwehupfumi. Kushaikwa kwemabasa kwemwaka kunoitika panguva yekudiwa kwevashandi pane dzimwe nguva dzegore kunorambwa, senge mazororo kana mwaka wekurima.
Ndeupi muenzaniso wekushaya basa kwakavanzika?
Urovha hwakavanzwa, hunozivikanwawo sehurovha hwakafukidzwa, imhando yeurovha iyo isingaratidziri muhuwandu hwepamutemo hwehurovha. Zvinosanganisira vanhu vasina basa rakaderera, zvichireva kuti vanoshanda zvishoma pane zvavanoda kana zvavanoda, kana kuti vanoshanda mumabasa asingaenderani neunyanzvi hwavo kana magwaro. Inosanganisirawo vanhu vakaora mwoyo, zvichireva kuti vakasiya kutsvaga basa nekuti vanofunga kuti hapana basa rinoenderana nezvavanoda. Somuenzaniso, mumwe akapedza kudzidza pakoreji anoshanda somuchengeti wemari pachitoro chikuru nemhaka yokuti haawani basa mufundo yake.
Chii chinonzi urovha hwekuzvidira uye usingadi?
Urovha hwokuzvidira inguva apo vanhu vanokwanisa kushanda vanosarudza kusashanda, kunyange zvazvo kune mabasa akakodzera anowanika nokuda kwavo. Kushaikwa kwemabasa kunoitwa vanhu vanokwanisa uye vanoda kushanda vasingakwanise kuwana mabasa, kunyangwe vachitsvaga basa.
Ndedzipi mhando ina dzekurovha?
Imwe kupatsanurwa kwehurovha yakakamurwa kuita 9 mhando:
Cyccal Urovha
Frictional Urovha
Kushanda Kwemabasa
Natural Urovha
Kushaya Basa Kwenguva Yakareba
Mwaka Urovha
Classical Urovha.
Basa risina basa.
Ref: Investopedia
