Imisebenzi yokuhlola okwakhayo ithathwa njengenye yezinto ezibalulekileyo kwimfundo ngenxa yenkuthazo yayo kubafundi neziphumo zayo ezikhawulezileyo kwinkqubo yokufunda-ukufundisa. Le misebenzi inceda abahlohli ukuba bafumane impendulo ekuziqondeni imida, kunye nezakhono zangoku, ukuphuhlisa amanyathelo alandelayo eklasini.
Kwesi sithuba, ndabelana ngemisebenzi esixhenxe yovavanyo olucwangcisiweyo eye yatshintsha igumbi lam lokufundela kunye nezo zootitshala endisebenza nabo. Ezi ayizizo iikhonsepthi zethiyori ezivela kwincwadi yesikhokelo-zizicwangciso ezivavanyiweyo eziye zanceda amawaka abafundi bazive bebonwa, beqondwa, kwaye bexhotyisiwe kuhambo lwabo lokufunda.
Isiqulatho
Yintoni eyenza uVavanyo oluQhelekileyo lubaluleke ngo-2025?
Ukuhlola okwakhayo yinkqubo eqhubekayo yokuqokelela ubungqina malunga nokufunda kwabafundi ngexesha lokufundisa ukwenza uhlengahlengiso olukhawulezileyo oluphucula zombini iziphumo zokufunda nokufundisa. Ngokutsho kweBhunga lamaGosa eZikolo eziPhezulu zikaRhulumente (CCSSO), uvavanyo olucwangcisiweyo "yinkqubo ecwangcisiweyo, eqhubekayo esetyenziswa ngabo bonke abafundi kunye nootitshala ngexesha lokufunda nokufundisa ukuze bafune kwaye basebenzise ubungqina bokufunda kwabafundi ukuphucula ukuqonda kwabafundi iziphumo zokufunda ezijoliswe kuzo kunye nokuxhasa abafundi ukuba babe ngabafundi abazimeleyo." Ngokungafaniyo novavanyo olushwankathelayo oluvavanya ukufunda emva kokuba umyalelo ugqityiwe, iimvavanyo ezifundisayo zenzeka okwangoku, ezivumela ootitshala ukuba bajikeleze, bafundise, okanye bakhawulezise ngokusekelwe kwidatha yexesha lokwenyani.
Ubume bemfundo butshintshile kakhulu ukusukela oko ndangena okokuqala eklasini ngo-2015. Siye sajonga ukufunda kude, samkela ubuchwepheshe obutsha, saza sachaza ngokutsha ukuba unxibelelwano lujongeka njani kwihlabathi lethu lasemva kobhubhani. Nangona kunjalo imfuneko esisiseko yokuqonda uhambo lokufunda lwabafundi luhlala lungatshintshi-ukuba kukho nantoni na, lubaluleke kakhulu kunangaphambili.
UPhando oluNgemva koVavanyo oluQhelekileyo
Uphando olusisiseko kuvavanyo olufundisayo, oluqala ngophononongo luka-1998 lwabaMnyama noWiliam olunempembelelo kwizifundo ezingaphezu kwama-250, luhlala lubonisa iziphumo ezilungileyo ezibalulekileyo kwimpumelelo yabafundi. Uphando lwabo lufumene ubungakanani beempembelelo ukusuka kwi-0.4 ukuya kwi-0.7 ukutenxa okusemgangathweni-okulingana nokuqhubela phambili ukufunda kwabafundi ngeenyanga ezili-12-18. Uhlalutyo lwe-meta lwakutsha nje, kubandakanywa uphononongo lukaHattie lwe-12 ye-meta-analyses malunga nempendulo kumagumbi okufundela, yagqiba ukuba phantsi kweemeko ezifanelekileyo, impendulo kwimeko yokuqulunqa ingaba negalelo elikhulu ekuphumeleleni kwabafundi, kunye nobukhulu besiphumo esiphakathi kwe-0.73.
UMbutho weNtsebenziswano yoQoqosho noPhuhliso (OECD) uchonge uvavanyo olufundisayo “njengesona sicwangciso sisebenzayo sokukhuthaza ukusebenza kakuhle ezikolweni,” uqaphela ukuba impumelelo eyayanyaniswa novavanyo olucwangcisiweyo “luphezulu kakhulu”. Nangona kunjalo, i-OECD ikwaqaphela ukuba ngaphandle kwezi nzuzo, uvavanyo olucwangcisiweyo "alukaqhutywa ngokucwangcisiweyo" kwiinkqubo ezininzi zemfundo.
Undoqo ulele ekudaleni inguqu yengxelo apho:
- Abafundi bafumana impendulo ekhawulezileyo, ethe ngqo malunga nokuqonda kwabo
- Ootitshala bahlengahlengisa imiyalelo ngokusekelwe kubungqina bokufunda komfundi
- Ukufunda kuyabonakala kootitshala nabafundi
- Abafundi baphuhlisa izakhono zemetacognitive kwaye babe ngabafundi abazimeleyo
ImiSebenzi esi-7 yoVavanyo oluQhelekileyo oluneMpembelelo ephezulu ethi iTshintsho kwisifundo
1. IiQuizzes eziQuquzelayo eziKhawulezayo
Ulibale imibuzo ye-pop eyenza ukothuka. Iikhwizi ezakhayo ezikhawulezayo (imibuzo emi-3-5, imizuzu emi-5-7) isebenza njengoxilongo lokufunda olwazisa iintshukumo zakho zokufundisa ezilandelayo.
Imigaqo yoyilo:
- Gxininisa kwingcamango enye engundoqo ngemibuzo nganye
- Bandakanya umxube weentlobo zemibuzo: ukhetho oluninzi, impendulo emfutshane, kunye nesicelo
- Zenze zibe ziindawo ezisezantsi: Amanqaku axabisa amancinci okanye anganyuswanga
- Nika ingxelo ngoko nangoko ngeengxoxo zeempendulo
Imibuzo ye-Smart quiz:
- "Chaza le ngcamango kumfundi webanga lesi-5"
- "Kuya kwenzeka ntoni ukuba sitshintshe olu tshintsho?"
- "Qhagamshela ukufunda kwanamhlanje kwinto esiyifunde kwiveki ephelileyo"
- "Yintoni esabhidayo malunga nesi sihloko?"
Izixhobo zedijithali ezisebenzayo:
- Kahoot yothethathethwano gamified
- I-AhaSlides yeziphumo ezizihambelayo kunye nezexesha lokwenyani
- Iifomu zikaGoogle zengxelo eneenkcukacha
2. Amatikiti okuPhuma ngoBuchule: I-3-2-1 Power Play
Amatikiti okuphuma ayilogcino nje lokuphela kweklasi-ziimigodi yegolide yokufunda idatha xa iyilwe ngobuchule. Ifomathi endiyithandayo yi 3-2-1 ukucamngca:
- Izinto ezi-3 ozifundileyo namhlanje
- 2 imibuzo usenayo
- 1 indlela onokuthi usebenzise ngayo olu lwazi
Iingcebiso zokuphunyezwa kwePro:
- Sebenzisa izixhobo zedijithali ezifana neeFom zikaGoogle okanye iPadlet ukuqokelelwa kwedatha ngoko nangoko
- Yenza amatikiti okuphuma ahlukeneyo ngokusekelwe kwiinjongo zokufunda
- Hlela iimpendulo zibe ziimfumba ezintathu: "Ndiyifumene," "Ukuya apho," kunye "Nokufuna inkxaso"
- Sebenzisa idatha ukucwangcisa imisebenzi yakho yokuvula yosuku olulandelayo
Umzekelo wokwenyani wegumbi lokufundela: Emva kokufundisa iphotosynthesis, ndasebenzisa amatikiti okuphuma ukufumanisa ukuba i-60% yabafundi isabhidanisa iichloroplasts kunye ne-mitochondria. Ngosuku olulandelayo, ndaqala ngomsebenzi wokuthelekisa okukhawulezayo endaweni yokufudukela ekuphefumleni kwamaselula njengoko bekucwangcisiwe.
3. Interactive Polling
Ukuvota okusebenzisanayo kuguqula abaphulaphuli abangenzi nto babe ngabathathi-nxaxheba abakhutheleyo ngelixa kukunika ukuqonda okwexesha lokwenyani ekuqondeni kwabafundi. Kodwa umlingo awukho kwisixhobo-ukwimibuzo oyibuzayo.
Imibuzo yokuvota enefuthe eliphezulu:
- Ukuqonda kwengqondo: "Yeyiphi kwezi echaza kakuhle ukuba kutheni ..."
- isicelo: "Ukuba ubunokusebenzisa le ngcamango ukusombulula ..."
- I-Metacognitive: "Uzithembe kangakanani kubuchule bakho bo..."
- Iingqikelelo ezingezizo: "Kuya kwenzeka ntoni ukuba..."
Ukuphunyezwa kwesicwangciso:
- Sebenzisa izixhobo ezinje ngeAhaSlides kuvoto olusebenzisanayo olulula
- Buza imibuzo emi-2 ukuya kwemi-3 yobuchule kwisifundo ngasinye, hayi nje i-trivia eyonwabisayo
- Bonisa iziphumo ukuvusa iingxoxo zeklasi malunga nokuqiqa
- Landela ngokuthi "Kutheni ukhethe loo mpendulo?" iincoko
4. Cinga-Ngababini-Yabelana 2.0
I-classic think-pair-share ifumana uphuculo lwangoku ngokuphendula okucwangcisiweyo. Nantsi indlela yokwandisa amandla ayo ovavanyo:
Inkqubo eyomeleziweyo:
- Cinga (imizuzu emi-2): Abafundi babhala iingcinga zabo zokuqala
- Izibini (imizuzu emi-3): Amaqabane abelana kwaye akhe phezu kweengcamango
- Yabelana (imizuzu emi-5): Izibini zinika iklasi ukucinga okucokisekileyo
- Chimngca (umzuzu om-1): Ukucingisisa komntu ngamnye malunga nendlela eyavela ngayo ukucinga
U vavanyo:
- Bukela abafundi abaxhomekeke kakhulu kumaqabane ngokuchasene nokuba negalelo ngokulinganayo
- Jikelezisa ngexesha leengxoxo ezimbini ukuze uphulaphule iingcamango eziphosakeleyo
- Sebenzisa iphepha lokulandelela elilula ukuqaphela ukuba ngabaphi abafundi abasokolayo ukucacisa izimvo
- Mamela ukusetyenziswa kwesigama kunye noqhagamshelwano lwengqiqo
5. IiGalari zokuFunda
Guqula iindonga zeklasi yakho zibe ziigalari zokufunda apho abafundi babonisa khona ukucinga kwabo. Lo msebenzi usebenza kuzo zonke iinkalo zezifundo kwaye unikezela ngedatha yovavanyo etyebileyo.
Iifomathi zegalari:
- Iimephu zengcinga: Abafundi benza umboniso obonakalayo wendlela izimvo ezinxibelelana ngayo
- Iihambo zokusombulula iingxaki: Amaxwebhu ngamanyathelo ngamanyathelo eenkqubo zokucinga
- Iigalari zokuqikelela: Abafundi bathumela iingqikelelo, emva koko baphinde babuyele emva kokufunda
- Iibhodi zokubonisa: Iimpendulo ezibonwayo kwiingcebiso kusetyenziswa imizobo, amagama, okanye zombini
Isicwangciso sovavanyo:
- Sebenzisa igalari yokuhamba ngengxelo yoontanga usebenzisa iiprothokholi ezithile
- Thatha iifoto zomsebenzi wabafundi kwiiphothifoliyo zedijithali
- Qaphela iipateni kwiingcamango eziphosakeleyo kuzo zonke izinto zakudala zabafundi
- Cela abafundi bachaze indlela abacinga ngayo ngexesha lemiboniso yegalari
6. IiProthokholi zeNgxoxo ngeNtsebenziswano
Iingxoxo zaseklasini ezinentsingiselo azenzeki ngamabona-ndenzile-zifuna izakhiwo ezinenjongo ezenza ukuba umfundi acinge kubonakale ngelixa egcina uthethathethwano.
Inkqubo yeFishbowl:
- Abafundi aba-4-5 baxoxa ngesihloko kwisangqa esisembindini
- Abafundi abaseleyo bajonge kwaye bathathe amanqaku kwingxoxo
- Abakhi-mkhanyo bangakwazi "ukungena" ukuze bathathe indawo yomxoxi
- I-Debrief igxile kokubini umxholo kunye nomgangatho wengxoxo
Uvavanyo lweJigsaw:
- Abafundi baba ziingcali kwimiba eyahlukeneyo yesihloko
- Amaqela eengcaphephe adibana ukuze enze nzulu ukuqonda
- Abafundi babuyela kumaqela asekhaya ukuze bafundise abanye
- Uvavanyo lwenzeka ngokufundisa imigqaliselo kunye nemiboniso ephumayo
Isemina yeSocratic plus:
- Isemina yesiNtu yeSocrates enomaleko wovavanyo olongezelelweyo
- Abafundi balandelela intatho-nxaxheba yabo kunye nokucinga ngendaleko
- Quka imibuzo ebonisa ukuba indlela ababecinga ngayo yatshintsha ngayo
- Sebenzisa amaphepha okuqwalasela ukuqaphela iipateni zothethathethwano
7. Iikhithi zezixhobo zokuzivavanya
Ukufundisa abafundi ukuba bavavanye ukufunda kwabo mhlawumbi sesona sicwangciso sinamandla sokuhlola okwakhayo. Xa abafundi benokuvavanya ngokuchanekileyo ukuqonda kwabo, baba ngamaqabane kwimfundo yabo.
Izakhiwo zokuzivavanya:
1. Izifundo zokulandela inkqubela phambili:
- Abafundi balinganisela ukuqonda kwabo kwisikali ngeenkcazo ezithile
- Bandakanya iimfuno zobungqina kwinqanaba ngalinye
- Ukungena rhoqo kwiiyunithi zonke
- Ukumisela usukelo olusekelwe kulwazi lwangoku
2. Iijenali zokucinga:
- Amangeno eveki yonke ajongana nezinto ezizuziweyo kunye nemingeni
- Iingcebiso ezithile ezinxulumene neenjongo zokufunda
- Ukwabelana ngoontanga ngezimvo kunye namaqhinga
- Ingxelo katitshala malunga nokukhula kwemetacognitive
3. Iiprothokholi zohlalutyo lwemposiso:
- Abafundi bahlalutya ezabo iimpazamo kwizabelo
- Hlela iimpazamo ngokohlobo (ingcamango, inkqubo, ukungakhathali)
- Phuhlisa iindlela zobuqu zokuthintela iimpazamo ezifanayo
- Yabelana ngobuchule obusebenzayo bokuthintela iimpazamo noontanga
Ukudala iSicwangciso sakho soVavanyo oluQhelekileyo
Qala kancinci, cinga kakhulu - Ungazami ukuphumeza zonke izicwangciso zosixhenxe ngaxeshanye. Khetha i-2-3 ehambelana nesimbo sakho sokufundisa kunye neemfuno zabafundi. Lawula ezi ngaphambi kokuba wongeze ezinye.
Umgangatho phezu kobuninzi - Kungcono ukusebenzisa isicwangciso sovavanyo olucwangcisiweyo kakuhle kunokusebenzisa iindlela ezintlanu kakubi. Gxininisa ekuyileni imibuzo ekumgangatho ophezulu kunye nemisebenzi etyhila ngokwenene ukucinga kwabafundi.
Vala iluphu - Elona candelo libalulekileyo lovavanyo olucwangcisiweyo aluqokeleli idatha-yinto oyenzayo ngolwazi. Ngalo lonke ixesha unesicwangciso sendlela oza kuyihlengahlengisa ngayo imiyalelo esekelwe koko ukufundayo.
Yenza isiqhelo - Uhlolo olwenziwayo kufuneka luvakalelwe njengendalo, hayi njengomthwalo owongezelelweyo. Yakha le misebenzi kuqukuqelo lwesifundo sakho rhoqo ukuze ibe ziinxalenye zokufunda ezingenamthungo.
Izixhobo zeTekhnoloji eziPhuhlisa (Azintsonkothanga) uVavanyo oluQinisekisayo
Izixhobo zasimahla kwiklasi nganye:
- AhaSlides: Zinezinto ezininzi zophando, iikhwizi, kunye nokucamngca
- Ibhexwa: Ilungele ukusebenzisana kwengqondo kunye nokwabelana ngezimvo
- Mentimeter: Igqwesileyo kuvoto oluphilayo kunye namafu egama
- I-Flipgrid: Ifanelekile kwiimpendulo zevidiyo kunye nempendulo yoontanga
- Kahoot: Kubandakanya ukuphonononga kunye nokukhumbula imisebenzi
Izixhobo eziphambili ezifanele ukuqwalaselwa:
- I-Socrative: Isuite yovavanyo olubanzi olunemibono yexesha lokwenyani
- Umgangatho wamapere: Iintetho zesilayidi ezisebenzayo kunye novavanyo olufundisayo
- I-Nearpod: Izifundo ezinzulu ezinemisebenzi yovavanyo eyakhelwe-ngaphakathi
- Quizizz: Iimvavanyo ezihlaziyiweyo ezinohlalutyo oluneenkcukacha
Undoqo: Ukwenza umzuzu ngamnye ubalwe
Uvavanyo olucwangcisiweyo alukho malunga nokwenza okungakumbi-imalunga nokuba nenjongo ngakumbi ngonxibelelwano osele unalo nabafundi. Imalunga nokuguqula loo maxesha okulahla abe ngamathuba okuqonda, unxibelelwano kunye nokukhula.
Xa uqonda ngenene ukuba baphi abafundi bakho kuhambo lwabo lokufunda, ungadibana nabo kanye apho bakhoyo kwaye ubakhokele apho kufuneka baye khona. Akunjalo nje ukufundisa okulungileyo-obo bubugcisa kunye nenzululwazi yemfundo esebenzisanayo ukuvula amandla omfundi ngamnye.
Qala ngomso. Khetha isicwangciso sibe sinye kolu luhlu. Yizame iveki. Lungisa ngokusekelwe koko ukufundayo. Yongeza enye. Ngaphambi kokuba uyazi, uya kuba uguqule igumbi lakho lokufundela libe yindawo apho ukufunda kubonakala khona, kuxatyiswa, kwaye kuphuculwe ngokuqhubekayo.
Abafundi abahleli kwigumbi lakho lokufundela namhlanje abafanelwanga nto ingaphantsi komzamo wakho wokuqonda nokuxhasa ukufunda kwabo. Uvavanyo olucwangcisiweyo yindlela oyenza ngayo loo nto ukuba yenzeke, umzuzu omnye, umbuzo omnye, ingqiqo enye ngexesha.
Ucaphulo
Bennett, RE (2011). Uvavanyo olucwangcisiweyo: Uphononongo olubalulekileyo. UVavanyo kwiMfundo: IMithetho-siseko, uMgaqo-nkqubo kunye nokuziqhelanisa, 18(1), 5-25.
Black, P., & Wiliam, D. (1998). Uvavanyo kunye nokufunda eklasini. UVavanyo kwiMfundo: IMithetho-siseko, uMgaqo-nkqubo kunye nokuziqhelanisa, 5(1), 7-74.
Black, P., & Wiliam, D. (2009). Ukuphuhlisa ithiyori yokuhlola okwakhayo. UVavanyo lweMfundo, uVavanyo nokuThatha uXanduva, 21(1), 5-31.
IBhunga lamaGosa eZikolo aziNtloko zikaRhulumente. (2018). Ukuhlaziya inkcazo yovavanyo olufundisayo. EWashington, DC: CCSSO.
Fuchs, LS, & Fuchs, D. (1986). Iziphumo zovavanyo olucwangcisiweyo olucwangcisiweyo: Uhlalutyo lwemeta. Abantwana abakhethekileyo, 53(3), 199-208.
Graham, S., Hebert, M., & Harris, KR (2015). Uvavanyo olucwangcisiweyo kunye nokubhala: Uhlalutyo lwemeta. Ijenali yesikolo samabanga aphantsi, i-115(4), 523-547.
UHattie, J. (2009). Ukufunda okubonakalayo: Udityaniso olungaphezulu kwe-800 yohlalutyo lwemeta olunxulumene nempumelelo. ELondon: uRoutledge.
UHattie, J., kunye noTimperley, H. (2007). Amandla empendulo. Uphononongo loPhando lwezeMfundo, 77(1), 81-112.
Kingston, N., & Nash, B. (2011). Uvavanyo olucwangcisiweyo: Uhlalutyo lwemeta kunye nomnxeba wophando. Umlinganiselo wemfundo: Imiba kunye noQeqesho, 30(4), 28-37.
Klute, M., Apthorp, H., Harlacher, J., & Reale, M. (2017). Uvavanyo olucwangcisiweyo kunye nempumelelo yomfundi wesikolo samabanga aphantsi: Uphononongo lobungqina (REL 2017-259). Washington, DC: US Department of Education, Institute of Education Sciences, National Centre for Education Evaluation and Regional Assistance, Regional Educational Laboratory Central.
I-OECD. (2005). Uvavanyo olucwangcisiweyo: Ukuphucula ukufunda kumagumbi okufundela asesekondari. EParis: Upapasho lwe-OECD.
UWilliam, D. (2010). Isishwankathelo esidibeneyo soncwadi lophando kunye neziphumo zethiyori entsha yovavanyo olucwangcisiweyo. Kwi-HL Andrade kunye no-GJ Cizek (Eds.), Incwadi yovavanyo olufundisayo (iphe. 18-40). ENew York: I-Routledge.
Wiliam, D., & Thompson, M. (2008). Ukudibanisa ukuhlola nokufunda: Kuya kuthatha ntoni ukulenza lisebenze? Kwi-CA Dwyer (Mhl.), Ikamva lovavanyo: Ukubumba ukufundisa nokufunda (iphe. 53-82). Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
