Mā ngā hēkona 30 tuatahi o tō whakaaturanga ka whakatau mēnā ka noho aro tonu tō hunga whakarongo, ka tīmata rānei te tirotiro i ā rātou waea pūkoro.E whakaatu ana ngā rangahau a Duarte ka ngaro te aro o te hunga whakarongo i roto i te meneti tuatahi mena kāore anō kia mau tō rātou hiahia.
Mā ēnei huarahi 12 hei tīmata i tētahi whakaaturanga, me ngā kupu tīmatanga whakamīharo mō te whakaaturanga, ka taea e koe te kukume i te hunga whakarongo mai i tō rerenga tuatahi.
Te Tīmatanga o te Pūtaiao i Muri i te Whakaaturanga Whai Hua
Mā te mārama ki te tukatuka a te hunga whakarongo i ngā mōhiohio ka āwhina i a koe ki te tito i ngā whakatuwheratanga whakaaturanga whai hua ake.
Te mooni o te roanga o te aro
He rerekē ki te whakapono rongonui, kāore te roa o te aro o te tangata i heke ki te waru hēkona. Heoi, e whakaatu ana ngā rangahau mai i te National Center for Biotechnology Information he pai te aro tonu i roto i ngā wāhi ngaio. 10-meneti huringaKo te tikanga o tēnei me kukume tonu te aro o tō tīmatanga, ā, me whakatū hoki i ngā tauira whai wāhi ka mau tonu i a koe puta noa.
Te mana o ngā whakaaro tuatahi
E whakaatu ana ngā rangahau hinengaro i te pānga matua: ko ngā kōrero i whakaaturia i te tīmatanga me te mutunga o ngā wā ako ka maumaharahia pai rawa atu. Ehara i te mea ko te kukume noa i te aro te tīmatanga o tō whakaaturanga, engari ko te whakakōrero i ngā karere matua i te wā e teitei rawa ana te kaha ki te pupuri.
He aha te mahi a ngā huānga taunekeneke
I kitea i roto i tētahi rangahau i whakaputaina i roto i te Journal of Experimental Psychology, ko te whai wāhi kaha ka whakanui ake i te pupuri mōhiohio tae atu ki te 75% ki te whakaritea ki te whakarongo puku. Ina whakauruhia e ngā kaiwhakataki ngā tikanga urupare a te hunga whakarongo ki roto i ngā whakatuwheratanga o ā rātou whakaaturanga, ka whakahohehia e rātou ngā rohe roro maha, ka whakapai ake i te aro me te hanganga mahara.
Ngā Huarahi Kua Whakamātauhia hei Tīmata i tētahi Whakaaturanga
1. Pātaihia he Pātai e Hiahia ana ki te Whakautu
He rerekē te whakamahinga a ngā pātai i ngā kōrero. Kaua e whakautua pukutia ngā pātai whaikōrero e tō hunga whakarongo, engari whakaarohia ngā pātai e hiahia ana kia kitea ngā whakautu.
Robert Kennedy III, te kaikorero matua o te ao, ka whakarārangihia e wha nga momo patai hei whakamahi tika i te timatanga o to whakaaturanga:
Me pehea te whakatinana: Tukua he pātai, ā, tonoa kia whakaaturia ō ringaringa, whakamahia rānei ngā taputapu pōti taunekeneke hei kohikohi i ngā whakautu i te wā tonu. Hei tauira, "E hia o koutou kua noho i roto i tētahi whakaaturanga i tirohia ai e koutou tō waea i roto i ngā meneti tuatahi e rima?" ka whakaatu tonu i ngā hua, e whakamana ana i ngā wheako tiritahi me te whakaatu anō i tō mōhio ki ngā wero o te whakaaturanga.
2. Tuhia he Kōrero e Pā Ana
Mā ngā kōrero paki e whakaoho te cortex sensory me te cortex motor i roto i te roro, ka nui ake te maumahara o ngā kōrero i ngā meka anake. E whakaatu ana ngā rangahau mai i Te Whare Wānanga o Stanford e 22 ngā wā ka nui ake te maumahara o ngā kōrero paki i ngā meka.
Me pehea te whakatinana: Tīmatahia ki tētahi kōrero 60-90 hēkona te roa e whakaatu ana i te raruraru e whakatauhia ana e tō whakaaturanga. "I te hauwhā whakamutunga, i ngaro i tētahi o ā mātou tīma rohe tētahi kōrero nui mō te kiritaki. I tā mātou arotake i te rekoata, i kitea e mātou kua tīmata rātou me te 15 meneti o te papamuri kamupene i mua i te aro atu ki ngā hiahia o te kiritaki. Ko te utu mō taua whakatuwheratanga o te whakaaturanga he £2 miriona te utu."
Aki: Kia poto, kia whai tikanga, kia arotahi hoki ngā kōrero ki te horopaki o tō hunga whakarongo. Ko ngā kōrero whakaaturanga tino whai hua e whakaatu ana i ngā tāngata e taea ana e tō hunga whakarongo te hono atu ki a rātou e pā ana ki ngā āhuatanga e mōhiotia ana e rātou.
3. Whakaaturia he Tatauranga Whakamiharo
Ko te whakamahi i te meka hei whakatuwhera i te whakaaturanga he kaikawe aro tonu.
Ko te tikanga, ko te tino ohorere, ko te kaha ake o to hunga whakarongo. Ahakoa he mea whakamatautau ki te haere mo te take ohorere parakore, me whai korero pono etahi hononga honohono me te kaupapa o to whakaaturanga. Me whakahere e raatau tetahi waahanga ngawari ki te tinana o o rauemi.
He aha tēnei e whai hua ai hei tīmatanga i tētahi whakaaturanga: Mā ngā tatauranga ka whakapumautia te mana, ā, ka whakaatu kua rangahaua e koe tō kaupapa. Mō ngā tohunga L&D, mā ngā raraunga e tika ana ka whakaatu kei te mārama koe ki ngā wero pakihi me ngā hiahia o ngā kaiuru.
Me pehea te whakatinana: Kōwhiria tētahi tatauranga whakamīharo, ā, whakamahia kia rite ki te horopaki o tō hunga whakarongo. Kaua e kī "73% o ngā kaimahi e kī ana he iti te whai wāhi mai," ngana ki te kī "E ai ki ngā rangahau hou, e toru o te whā o ngā tāngata i roto i tēnei rūma e kore e aro ki te mahi. I tēnei rā kei te tūhura mātou me pēhea te whakarerekē i tēnā."
Aki: Whakaawhiwhia ngā tau mō te pānga (me kī "tata ki te 75%" kaua ki te "73.4%"), ā, honoa ngā tatauranga ki te pānga o te tangata, kaua e waiho noa iho.
Mena kāore āu tatauranga e tika ana hei whakaatu, he huarahi pai hoki te whakamahi i ngā kōrero whai mana hei whakapiki i te mana o te tangata.
4. Hangaia he Kōrero Māia
Ka puta he taumahatanga hinengaro e hiahiatia ana he whakatau mā roto i ngā kōrero whakaohooho. Ka whai hua tēnei tikanga ina taea e koe te tautoko i te kereme me ngā taunakitanga pakari.
He aha tēnei e whai hua ai hei tīmatanga i tētahi whakaaturanga: He tohu ngā kōrero māia i te whakapono me te uara o te kupu whakaari. I roto i ngā horopaki whakangungu, ka whakatūria e rātou ka werohia e koe ngā whakaaro tuku iho.
Me pehea te whakatinana: Tīmatahia me tētahi kereme whakahē e pā ana ki tō kaupapa. "He hē ngā mea katoa e mōhio ana koe mō te hihiri o ngā kaimahi" mēnā kei te whakaatu koe i ngā huarahi kē atu i runga i te rangahau hei whakakapi i ngā ariā hihiri tuku iho.
tūpato: Me nui te tohungatanga e hiahiatia ana mō tēnei tikanga kia kore ai e kitea he whakapehapeha. Tautokohia ngā kereme maia me ngā taunakitanga pono.
5. Whakaaturia ngā Whakaahua Whakamīharo
E whakaatu ana ngā rangahau mai i ngā "Ture Roro" a Tākuta John Medina, e 65% o ngā mōhiotanga me ngā whakaahua e tika ana ka maumahara te tangata ki te 10% anake o ngā mōhiotanga ā-waha.
He aha i whai hua ai tēnei mā ngā kaiwhakataki ngaio: Ka karohia e ngā tirohanga te tukatuka reo, ā, ka whakawhitiwhiti kōrero tonu. Mō ngā wā whakangungu e kapi ana i ngā kaupapa uaua, ka hangaia e ngā tirohanga whakatuwheratanga kaha he anga hinengaro mō ngā ihirangi e whai ake nei (pūtake: Te ako tirohanga me te mahara a AhaSlides)
Me pehea te whakatinana: Kaua e whakamahi i ngā kiriata taitara maha ngā tuhinga, engari me tīmata ki tētahi whakaahua kaha kotahi e hopu ana i tō kaupapa. Tērā pea ka tīmata tētahi kaiako e whakaatu ana i te whakawhitiwhiti kōrero i te wāhi mahi me tētahi whakaahua o te tokorua e kōrero ana tetahi ki tetahi, ka kite tonu i te raruraru.
Aki: Me whakarite kia kounga teitei ngā whakaahua, kia whai tikanga, kia pārekareka hoki ki ngā kare ā-roto. Kāore e tino pārekareka ngā whakaahua o te hunga e mau ana i ngā hūtu e rūrū ana.
6. Whakamihihia te Wheako o tō Hunga Whakarongo
Mā te mōhio ki ngā pūkenga o roto i te rūma ka hanga hononga pai, ka whakatū hoki i te whakaute mō te wā me ngā mōhiotanga o ngā kaiuru.
He aha tēnei e whai hua ai hei tīmatanga i tētahi whakaaturanga: He tino pai tēnei huarahi mō ngā kaiārahi e mahi tahi ana me ngā tohunga mātau. Ka whakatūria koe hei kaiārahi, kaua hei kaiwhakaako, hei whakatenatena i te ako a ō hoa.
Me pehea te whakatinana: "Kua pāngia te katoa o tēnei rūma e ngā pakaru o te whakawhitiwhiti kōrero i roto i ngā tīma mamao. I tēnei rā kei te whakakotahi mātou i ō mātou whakaaro whānui hei tautuhi i ngā tauira me ngā otinga." Ka whakamanahia e tēnei ngā wheako me te whakatū i te reo mahi tahi.
7. Waihangahia te Pākiki mā te Arokite
Kua whakaritea te tangata kia rapu i te otinga. Mā te tīmatanga me ngā pātai arokite whakamere ka puta he mea e kīia nei e ngā tohunga hinengaro he āputa mōhiohio e hiahia ana te hunga whakarongo ki te whakakī.
He aha tēnei e whai hua ai hei tīmatanga i tētahi whakaaturanga: Mā ngā arokite ka whakatakotohia ngā tumanakohanga mārama, me te hanga i te tumanako. Mō ngā kaiwhakaako umanga e whakahaere ana i ngā kaupapa mahi poto, ka whakaatu tonu tēnei i te uara me te whakaute i te wā.
Me pehea te whakatinana: "I te mutunga o tēnei wānanga, ka mārama koe he aha ngā kupu māmā e toru ka taea ai te whakarerekē i ngā kōrero uaua. Engari tuatahi, me tūhura tātou he aha i kore ai e angitu ngā huarahi tuku iho."
8. Whakakatakata
Kotahi ano te mea ka taea e te korero ki a koe te whai waahi kia kata nga tangata.
E hia nga wa i a koe, ko koe, hei mema whakarongo kaore i te hiahia i roto i to whakaaturanga 7 o te ra, me whai take koe ki te ataata i te wa e uru atu ana te kaikawe korero ki a koe te 42 raruraru o te otinga stopgap kawea?
Ko te katakata ka tata atu to whakaaturanga ki tetahi whakaaturanga me tetahi hikoinga atu i te tangihanga tangihanga.
I tua atu i te mea he whakaongaonga pai, ka taea ano e te iti o te pukuhohe te hoatu ki a koe enei painga:
- Hei rewa i te awangawanga - Mo koe, tuatahi. Ko te whana i to whakaaturanga me te katakata, te katakata ranei he mea whakamiharo mo to maia.
- Hei hanga hononga ki te hunga whakarongo - Ko te tino ahua o te whakakatakata he mea mo te tangata. Ehara i te pakihi. Ehara i te raraunga. He tangata, he whakamihi.
- Kia maumaharatia ai - Te kata kua whakamatauhia ki te whakanui i te mahara mo te wa poto. Mena kei te pirangi koe kia maumahara to hunga whakarongo ki o tangohanga matua: kia kata ratou.
9. Whakautua tika te raruraru
Mā te tīmatanga tonu mai i te raruraru ka whakatauhia e tō whakaaturanga, ka whakaatu i te hiranga me te whakaute i te wā o tō hunga whakarongo.
He maioha ki te hunga mātakitaki te tika o te kōrero. Ko ngā kaiwhakataki e aro ana ki ngā wero motuhake e whakaatu ana e mārama ana rātou ki ngā mamae o ngā kaiuru.
Me pehea te whakatinana: "Ka roa te hui a ā koutou tīma, ka whakaroahia ngā whakataunga, ā, ka wehe atu te iwi me te pouri. I tēnei rā kei te whakatinanahia e mātou he hanganga e whakaiti ana i te wā hui mā te 40% me te whakapai ake i te kounga o ngā whakataunga."
10. Whakaarohia rātou, kaua ko koe
Kaua e kōrero roa mō te kōrero mō te ora. Ko tā te hunga whakarongo he aro ki ngā mea ka riro i a rātou, kaua ki ō tohu mātauranga (ka whakaaro rātou he tohunga koe, ki te kore, kāore koe e whakaatu ana i te kōrero).
Mā tēnei huarahi ka whakanohohia tō whakaaturanga hei mea nui ki a rātou, kaua ki a koe. Ka whakatūria he akoranga e aro ana ki te hunga whai wāhi mai i te wā tuatahi.
Me pehea te whakatinana: Engari kaua e kī "Ko Sarah Chen ahau, e 20 tau ahau ki te whakahaere huringa," ngana ki te kī "Kei te anga atu koe ki ngā huringa whakahaere e ahua nei he maha ake ngā wā e kore e angitu ai i te mea e angitu ai. I tēnei rā kei te tūhuratia e tātou te take o tēnā, me ngā mea ka taea e koe te mahi rerekē."
11. Whakatūria he Tūrangawaewae Kotahi
He rereke nga tumanako me nga matauranga o te tangata ka tae atu ki o whakaaturanga. Ma te mohio ki o raatau whainga ka taea e koe te utu ka taea e koe te whakamahi hei whakatika i to ahua whakaatu. Ma te urutau ki nga hiahia o te tangata me te tutuki i nga tumanako o te katoa ka puta he whakaaturanga angitu mo te hunga katoa e whai waahi ana.
Ka taea e koe tenei ma te pupuri i tetahi waahanga Q&A iti i te waa Nga Kiriata. Ka timata koe i to whakaaturanga, tonohia nga kaitoro ki te whakairi i nga paatai e tino hiahia ana ratou. Ka taea e koe te whakamahi i te kiriata Q me A e whakaahuatia ana i raro nei.
12. Tākaro Kēmu hei Whakamahana
Mai i te wā tuatahi ka hurihia e ngā kēmu te hunga mātakitaki mangere ki ngā kaiuru hohe. I runga i te rahi o tō hunga mātakitaki, te wā me te wāhi, ka taea e koe te whakarite i tētahi mahi ā-tinana, i tētahi kēmu māmā rānei, e rua meneti te roa pērā i a Two Truths One Lie. Tirohia ētahi o ngā mea pai rawa atu. nga hukapapa konei.
Me pēhea te whiriwhiri i te whakatuwheratanga tika mō tō whakaaturanga
Kāore e pai ana ngā tikanga whakatuwheratanga katoa mō ngā horopaki whakaaturanga katoa. Whakaarohia ēnei āhuatanga ina whiriwhiri ana koe i tō huarahi:
Te pakeketanga me te mōhiotanga o te hunga whakarongo - He maha ngā wā e pai ake ana ki ngā rōpū whakahaere te kōrero tika. Tērā pea ka whai hua ngā tīma hou mai i ngā tūranga mahi hei hanga hapori.
Te roa me te whakatakotoranga o te wātū - Mō ngā wānanga 30 meneti te roa, kotahi noa te tikanga whakatuwheratanga tere ka whakamahia. Ka taea e ngā awheawhe rā-katoa te whakauru i ngā rautaki whakauru maha.
Te uauatanga me te aro o te kaupapa - Ka whai hua ngā kaupapa uaua i ngā arokite e whakatupu ana i te hihiri. Me whakatūpato te haumaru hinengaro mō ngā kaupapa tairongo i mua i te ruku atu.
Tō momo āhua tūturu - Ko te tīmatanga tino whai hua ko te mea ka taea e koe te whakapuaki pono. Ki te mea he mea akiaki te whakakatakata māu, whiriwhiria he tikanga rerekē.
Ngā āhuatanga taiao - Ka whai hua ngā whakaaturanga mariko i ngā āhuatanga taunekeneke hei whakakore i te ngenge o te mata. Tērā pea ka hiahiatia he whakatuwheratanga tirohanga whakamiharo ake i ngā wāhi whakaaturanga nui.
