Kodi kutsutsana kwa oyamba kumene? Kukangana ndi mutu waukulu, waukulu. Ngati simunachitepo chimodzi, zingakhale zovuta kuganizira zomwe zidzachitike komanso momwe mungapewere kuyang'ana mosazindikira pamaso pa aliyense.
Pali zambiri zoti muphunzire musanayambe kulimba mtima kuti muyime pa nsanja. Koma musade nkhawa; izi mtsutso kwa oyamba kalozera adzakupatsani masitepe, malangizo ndi zitsanzo muyenera kupha mtsutso wanu wotsatira. Chifukwa chake, tiyeni tiwone malangizo abwino awa!
M'ndandanda wazopezekamo
Malangizo Enanso ndi AhaSlides
Yambani mumasekondi.
Pezani ma tempulo aulere a zokambirana za ophunzira. Lowani kwaulere ndikutenga zomwe mukufuna kuchokera mulaibulale yama template!
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Momwe Mkangano wa Oyamba Umagwirira Ntchito (mu Masitepe 7)
Musanalowe m'mene munganene zotsutsana zanu ngati pro, muyenera kudziwa momwe mtsutso wa oyamba kumene umagwirira ntchito. Onani izi 7 masitepe mkangano kwa newbies ndi zimene muyenera kuchita panjira, ndiye inu kwathunthu kumvetsa mmene kukhala mkangano bwino!
1. Cholinga Chasankhidwa
Monga momwe tingagwiritsire ntchito makambirano m'malo ambiri ndi zochitika, monga kusukulu, misonkhano yamakampani, zokambirana zamagulu kapena mabungwe andale, ndikofunikira kuti zolinga zoyambirira za mkangano zisankhidwe kaye. Izi zitha kupereka malingaliro omveka bwino a dongosolo ndikukonzekera zokambiranazo chifukwa pali zambiri zomwe zimayenera kugwirira ntchito pambuyo pake, zonse zomwe ziyenera kukhala zogwirizana.
Chifukwa chake, musanachite chilichonse, wotsogolera ayankhe izi - zolinga za mkanganowu ndi chiyani?
Mwachitsanzo, ngati muli mu a kutsutsana kwa ophunzira, zolingazo zikhale zofanana ndi phunziro lanu, zomwe zingakhale zolimbikitsa kuganiza mozama kwa ophunzira ndi luso loyankhula pagulu. Ngati zikugwira ntchito, zitha kukhala kusankha kuti ndi ziti mwamalingaliro awiri oti mupite nawo.
2. Mapangidwe Asankhidwa
Kufunsa momwe mungatsutse bwino, muyenera kukhala ndi dongosolo. Pali mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya mikangano kunja uko, ndi mitundu ingapo mkati mwawo. Ndikofunikira kuti mudziwe mawu ofunikira omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito mumitundu yambiri yamakambirano musanayambe kukonzekera mtsutso…
- Topic - Mtsutso uliwonse umakhala ndi mutu wake, womwe umatchedwa a zoyenda or chisankho. Mutu ukhoza kukhala chiganizo, ndondomeko kapena ganizo, zimadalira makhazikitsidwe ndi cholinga cha mkangano.
- awiri magulu - Zotsimikizira (kuthandizira mayendedwe) ndi Wachisoni (kutsutsa mayendedwe). Nthawi zambiri, gulu lililonse limakhala ndi mamembala atatu.
- Oweruza or Oweruza: Anthu amene amaweruza ubwino wa mikangano pa umboni ndi kachitidwe ka otsutsana.
- Woyang'anira nthawi -Munthu amene amasunga nthawi ndikuyimitsa magulu nthawi ikatha.
- Owona - Pakhoza kukhala owonera (omvera) pamtsutso, koma saloledwa kuyankhula.
Kwa mkangano woyambira, atalandira mayendedwe, maguluwo adzakhala ndi nthawi yokonzekera. The Zotsimikizira gulu limayamba kutsutsana ndi wokamba nkhani wawo woyamba, kenako wokamba nkhani woyamba Wachisoni timu. Kenako imapita kwa wolankhula wachiwiri mu Zotsimikizira timu, kubwerera kwa wokamba wachiwiri mu Wachisoni timu, ndi zina zotero.
Wokamba nkhani aliyense adzalankhula ndi kufotokoza mfundo zawo mu nthawi yoikika yomwe yafotokozedwa m'malamulo a mkangano. Kumbukirani kuti ayi onse makangano amatha ndi timu Wachisoni; nthawi zina, timu Zotsimikizira adzafunsidwa kumaliza.
Monga mwina mwatsopano kwa izi, mutha kupeza njira yotsutsana kwa oyamba kumene pansipa. Ndiosavuta kutsatira ndipo atha kugwiritsidwa ntchito pamipikisano yambiri yosiyanasiyana.
3. Ndondomeko Yakukangana Yapangidwa
Kuti mkangano uyende bwino, wotsogolera azikhala ndi dongosolo mwatsatanetsatane momwe ndingathere. Ayenera kukudziwitsani dongosololi, chifukwa lidzakuthandizani kuwona zonse ndikukulepheretsani kupita panjira, zomwe ndizosavuta kuchita mukatenga nawo gawo pamakangano oyambira.
Nayi mndandanda wosavuta wa zomwe dongosolo liyenera kukhala nalo:
- Cholinga cha mkangano
- Kapangidwe
- Momwe chipindacho chidzakhazikitsire
- Nthawi ndi nthawi ya nthawi iliyonse
- Malamulo oyendetsera zokambirana ndi malangizo kwa olankhula ndi oweruza
- Zolemba zolemba za maudindo
- Chidule chotseka mkangano ukatha
4. Chipinda Chakonzedwa
Chilengedwe ndi chofunikira pa mkangano chifukwa zingakhudze momwe okamba amachitira pamlingo wina.
Kukambitsirana kwanu kuyenera kukhala kwaukadaulo momwe mungathere. Pali njira zambiri zokhazikitsira chipinda cha mtsutso, koma kukhazikitsidwa kulikonse komwe kusankhidwa, zonse zizizungulira 'malo olankhulira' pakati. Apa ndi pamene matsenga onse otsutsana adzachitika.
Wokamba nkhani aliyense woimira magulu aŵiriwo adzaimirira m’gawo la okamba nkhani panthaŵi yawo, ndiyeno adzabwerera pampando wawo akamaliza.
M'munsimu ndi wotchuka masanjidwe chitsanzo kwa mkangano woyamba:
Zachidziwikire, nthawi zonse pamakhala mwayi wopanga mkangano pa intaneti. Mutha kuvutika kuti mumve zomwezo pamakangano oyambira pa intaneti, koma pali njira zina zokometsera:
- Kusintha kwanthawi yakumbuyo: Gawo lirilonse litha kukhala ndi maziko osiyana a Zoom: wolandila, wosunga nthawi, oweruza ndi gulu lililonse. Izi zitha kuthandiza kusiyanitsa maudindo a wophunzira aliyense ndikulimbikitsa kunyadira gawo lomwe wapatsidwa.
- Zida zothandizira:
- Nthawi: Kutenga nthawi ndikofunikira pakukangana, makamaka kwa ongobadwa kumene paulendo wawo woyamba. Wotsogolera wanu atha kusankha kutsatira mayendedwe anu pogwiritsa ntchito chowonera nthawi pakompyuta (ngakhale m'makangano ambiri, wosunga nthawi amangowonetsa pakakhala mphindi imodzi kapena masekondi 1).
- Zomveka: Kumbukirani, uku ndi kukangana kokha kwa oyamba kumene. Mutha kuyembekezera kuti wotsogolera wanu achepetse mlengalenga ndi chilimbikitso kuwomba zomveka wokamba nkhani akamaliza nkhani yawo.
5. Magulu Asankhidwa
Maguluwa agawika Zotsimikizira ndi Wachisoni. Nthawi zambiri, magulu ndi malo olankhula m'maguluwo amakhala osasinthika, kotero wotsogolera wanu angagwiritse ntchito sapota gudumu kuti ntchitoyo ikhale yosangalatsa komanso yosangalatsa.
Magulu awiriwa akasankhidwa, zoyenda zidzalengezedwa ndipo mupatsidwa nthawi yokonzekera, ola limodzi.
Munthawi imeneyi, otsogolera awonetsa zinthu zambiri zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kuti magulu azitha kumvetsetsa zomwe zikuchitika komanso zovuta zake kuti apange mfundo zolimba. Pamene mukudziwa zambiri, m'pamenenso amphamvu mkangano.
6. Mkangano Uyamba
Kukambitsirana kulikonse kumafunikira mtundu wina, ndipo pakhoza kukhala zosiyana zambiri. Pansipa pali mtundu wotchuka kwambiri womwe ungagwiritsidwe ntchito mkangano uliwonse kwa oyamba kumene.
Gulu lirilonse limakhala ndi maulendo anayi kuti alankhule pamtsutsowu, choncho ndibwino kukhala ndi oyankhula 6 kapena 8. Pankhani ya 6, otsutsana awiri adzalankhula kawiri.
| Kulankhula | Time | Udindo wa Otsutsana |
| 1st Affirmative Constructive | 8 Mph | Yambitsani zoyenda ndi malingaliro awo Perekani matanthauzo awo a mawu ofunikira Perekani mfundo zawo kuti zigwirizane ndi mfundoyi |
| 1 Zoyipa Zomangamanga | 8 Mph | Tchulani mfundo zawo zotsutsa zomwe akufuna |
| 2nd Affirmative Constructive | 8 Mph | Konzani mfundo zina zochirikizira zomwe zachitika komanso malingaliro a gulu Dziwani madera a mikangano Yankhani mafunso kuchokera kwa wolankhula wotsutsa (ngati alipo) |
| 2 Zoipa Zomangamanga | 8 Mph | Konzani mfundo zina zotsutsana ndi zomwe zikuchitika ndikuwonjezera malingaliro a gulu Dziwani madera a mikangano Yankhani mafunso kuchokera kwa wokamba nkhani (ngati alipo) |
| 1st Negative Rebuttal | 4 Mph | Kuteteza Wachisoni mikangano ya gulu ndikugonjetsa mikangano yochirikiza popanda kuwonjezera mikangano yatsopano kapena chidziwitso |
| 1st Affirmative Rebuttal | 4 Mph | Kuteteza Zotsimikizira mikangano ya gulu ndikugonjetsa mikangano yotsutsana popanda kuwonjezera mikangano yatsopano kapena chidziwitso |
| 2nd Negative Rebuttal (Chidziwitso Chotseka) | 4 Mph | Khalani ndi mawu otsutsa kachiwiri ndi otseka |
| 2nd Affirmative Rebuttal (Chidziwitso Chotseka) | 4 Mph | Khalani ndi mawu otsutsa kachiwiri ndi otseka |
💡 Pakhoza kukhala nthawi yochepa yokonzekera zisanachitike zotsutsa, malingana ndi malamulo.
Mutha kuwona chitsanzo cha kanema chamtunduwu pansi apa.
7. Weruzani Mkangano
Yakwana nthawi yoti oweruza agwire ntchito. Ayenera kuyang'anira zokambirana ndi momwe amachitira mkangano aliyense kenako ndikuwunika. Izi ndi zina mwazinthu zomwe aziwona mukuchita kwanu ...
- Bungwe ndi momveka bwino - Mapangidwe kumbuyo kwa zolankhula zanu - kodi ndizomveka kuziyika momwe mudachitira?
- Timasangalala - Mitsutso iyi, umboni, kufufuza ndi kutsutsa zomwe mumapanga.
- Kalembedwe ndi kafotokozedwe - Momwe mumaperekera mfundo zanu, kuphatikiza zilankhulo zapakamwa ndi thupi, zomwe zili m'maso, ndi mawu ogwiritsidwa ntchito.
Malangizo 10 a Otsutsana Atsopano
Palibe amene angadziwe chilichonse kuyambira pachiyambi ndipo ngati simunayambe kutsutsanapo m'moyo wanu, zinthu sizosavuta kuti muyambe nazo. M'munsimu muli Malangizo 10 ofulumira kuti mudziwe momwe mungatsutsire bwino ndipo mutha kuyenderana ndi omwe angoyamba kumene mkangano uliwonse.
#1 - Kukonzekera ndiye chinsinsi - Fufuzani mutuwo zambiri musanafike kuti mungopeza mbiri yakale, komanso chidaliro. Izi zitha kuthandiza otsutsa kuti amvetsetse bwino nkhaniyi kuti akhale oyamba kutsutsa, kenaka kulemba mfundo zawo, kupeza umboni, ndikupewa kupita kumabowo a akalulu. Wotsutsa aliyense afotokoze zonse mu mfundo (zoyenera mfundo zitatu pa mfundo zitatu) kuti akonze bwino malingaliro ndikuwona 'chithunzi chachikulu' cha zolankhula zawo.
#2 - Sungani zonse pamutu - Chimodzi mwazolakwa zokambilana ndikuchoka, chifukwa zimawononga nthawi yolankhula komanso kufooketsa mkangano. Samalani pa autilaini ndi mfundo zazikulu kuti mutsimikize kuti zikutsatira mutuwo ndi kuthetsa mavuto oyenera.
#3 - Pangani mfundo zanu ndi zitsanzo - Kukhala ndi zitsanzo kumapangitsa kuti ziganizo zanu zotsutsana zikhale zotsimikizika, komanso, anthu amawona zinthu momveka bwino, monga izi chitsanzo pansipa…
#4 - Yesani kuganiza ngati otsutsawo - Pokonzanso malingaliro, ganizirani mfundo zomwe otsutsa angakumane nazo. Dziwani ochepa ndipo lembani mapu amalingaliro omwe mungakane ngati anganene do kumaliza kufotokoza mfundo zimenezo.
#5 - Khalani ndi mawu omaliza amphamvu - Malizitsani mkangano ndi ziganizo zabwino zingapo, zomwe zingathe kufotokoza mwachidule mfundo zazikulu. Nthawi zambiri, otsutsa amakonda kutsiriza ndi mphamvu, ndi chiganizo chimodzi chopangidwa mwandakatulo kuti chipangitse zimenezo mic kugwa mphindi (onani chitsanzo cha izi pansipa).
#6 - Khalani otsimikiza (kapena bodza mpaka mutatha!) - Chimodzi mwazinthu zofunika kwambiri pakuchita bwino pamakangano ndi vibe. Otsutsana ayenera kukhala otsimikiza ndi zomwe akunena, popeza swagger ili ndi mphamvu yaikulu pa oweruza ndi owonera. N’zoona kuti mukamakonzekera kwambiri, m’pamenenso mumadzidalira kwambiri.
#7 - Lankhulani pang’onopang’ono - Vuto lodziwika bwino la otsutsa ndi omwe amalankhula mwachangu. Nthawi zambiri paulendo woyamba, zimakhala zothamanga kwambiri, zomwe zimapangitsa omvera komanso olankhula kukhala ndi nkhawa. Pumani mpweya ndikulankhula pang'onopang'ono. Mutha kupeza zochepa, koma zomwe mumapanga zimakhala ndi mphamvu.
#8 - Gwiritsani ntchito thupi ndi nkhope yanu - Chilankhulo cha thupi chimatha kuthandizira mfundo zanu ndikuwonetsa chidaliro. Yang'anani otsutsa m'maso, khalani ndi kaimidwe kabwino ndikuwongolera mawonekedwe a nkhope (musakhale aukali) kuti mutenge chidwi.
#9 - Mvetserani mosamala ndikulemba manotsi - Otsutsana ayenera kulabadira zolankhula ndi lingaliro lililonse kuti atsatire mayendedwe, kuthandizira osewera nawo ndikudzudzula otsutsa bwino. Kukhala ndi manotsi kungathandize kwambiri, chifukwa palibe amene angakumbukire mfundo iliyonse kuti ayikane kapena kuikulitsa. Kumbukirani kulemba mfundo zazikulu zokha.
#10 - Pewani kuwombera mtengo - Yang'anani ndikutsutsa zotsutsana za omwe akukutsutsani, osati omwe akukutsutsani. Otsutsana sayenera kukhumudwitsa ena; zikusonyeza kupanda ukatswiri ndipo inu ndithudi chizindikiro pansi pa izo.
6 Masitayelo a Mikangano Yoyamba
Pali mitundu yambiri yamakambirano okhala ndi mawonekedwe ndi malamulo osiyanasiyana. Kudziwa ena mwa iwo mokwanira kungathandize oyambitsa mikangano kuwona njira ndi zomwe akuyenera kuchita. Nawa masitayelo ena odziwika omwe mungawone mkangano wanu woyamba!
1. Mtsutso wa ndondomeko - Uwu ndi mtundu wamba womwe umafunikira kafukufuku wambiri. Mtsutso umakhudza ngati akhazikitse kapena ayi kukhazikitsa ndondomeko inayake, ndipo kawirikawiri mu mawonekedwe a anthu awiri gulu kwambiri. Mtsutso wa ndondomeko amagwiritsidwa ntchito m’masukulu ambiri chifukwa n’ngothandiza, ndipo malamulowo ndi osavuta kuwatsatira kuposa mitundu ina.
2. Mkangano wanyumba yamalamulo - Njira yotsutsanayi imachokera ku chitsanzo cha boma la Britain ndi zokambirana za Nyumba Yamalamulo ya Britain. Choyamba chotengedwa ndi mayunivesite aku Britain, tsopano iyi ndi njira yovomerezeka yamakambirano amipikisano yayikulu monga The World University Debating Championship ndi European Universities Debating Championship. Mtsutso woterewu ndi wanzeru komanso wamfupi kuposa wachikhalidwe policy kukangana, ndikupangitsa kuti ikhale yoyenera milandu yambiri, kuyambira masukulu apakati mpaka ku mayunivesite.
3. Zokambirana zapagulu - Mwanjira iyi, magulu awiri amatsutsana pamitu 'yotentha' kapena mikangano kapena zomwe zikuchitika. Mitu iyi ndi yomwe mwina muli nayo kale malingaliro, kotero mkangano wamtunduwu ndiwopezeka kuposa a policy kukangana.
4. Lincoln Douglas mtsutso- Uwu ndi mkangano wotseguka, umodzi-m'modzi, wotchulidwa pambuyo pa mikangano yodziwika bwino mu 1858 pakati pa oyimira Nyumba ya Senate ya US Abraham Lincoln ndi Stephen Douglas. Mwanjira iyi, otsutsa amangoyang'ana mafunso ozama kwambiri kapena anzeru, makamaka pankhani zazikulu.
5. Mwadzidzidzi kukangana - Otsutsana awiri amatsutsana pa mutu umodzi; akuyenera kukhazikitsa mfundo zawo mu nthawi yochepa kwambiri ndikuyankha mwachangu malingaliro a otsutsa popanda kukonzekera kwambiri. Zimafunika luso lokangana kwambiri ndipo zingathandize kulimbikitsa chidaliro ndikugonjetsa mantha.
6. DRM mtsutso - Kalembedwe kameneka ndikutengera nyumba yamalamulo yaku US, momwe otsutsana amatengera mamembala a Congress. Amatsutsana pamalamulo, kuphatikiza mabilu (malamulo omwe akufuna), ziganizo (zonena za maudindo). Bungwe la Congress likuvotera kuti likhale lamulo ndikupitiriza kuvotera kapena kutsutsa malamulowo.
2 Zitsanzo Zokambirana
Pano tili ndi zitsanzo ziwiri zamakangano ena kuti muwone bwino momwe zimachitikira…
1. Mkangano wa Nyumba ya Malamulo ku Britain
Ichi ndi kachidutswa kakang'ono ka mkangano pakati pa Prime Minister wakale waku Britain Theresa May ndi mtsogoleri wakale wa Labor Party, Jeremy Corbyn. Kukambitsirana kwamphamvu ndi mikangano yaukali ndizofanana ndi mkangano wamtunduwu. Komanso, May adamaliza kulankhula kwake ndi mawu amphamvu kotero kuti adalowanso kachilombo!
2. Otsutsana
Mikangano ya ophunzira akukhala chodziwika mowonjezereka kusukulu; Makambirano ena ochita bwino amathanso kukhala osangalatsa ngati mikangano yochokera kwa akulu. Kanemayu ndi gawo limodzi la mkangano wachingelezi waku Vietnamese - The Debaters. Ophunzira akusekondale awa adatsutsana zakuti 'Tikuyamika Greta Thunberg' mwanjira yodziwika bwino ya 3-pa-3.
