Munayamba mwadabwa kuti makampani ena amawoneka bwanji kuti ali ndi zonse palimodzi pomwe ena amayendetsa mawilo awo muchisokonezo? Chinsinsi nthawi zambiri chimakhala m'mabungwe awo.
Monga momwe womanga mapulani amapangira mapulani a nyumba, utsogoleri wamakampani uyenera kupanga dongosolo labwino kwambiri la bizinesi yawo.
Koma mosiyana ndi nyumba zomwe sizimayima, makampani ali ndi zamoyo zopumira zomwe zimafunikira kusintha pakapita nthawi.
Lero tiyang'ana kuseri kwa makatani a mabungwe ochita bwino kwambiri kuti tiwulule zamatsenga zomwe zimawapangitsa kukhala tcheru.
Pamodzi tifufuza zosiyanasiyana mitundu yamagulu abungwe kuti muwone yomwe ili yoyenera kwa inu.
mwachidule
| Ndi dongosolo liti lomwe limagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri? | Mapangidwe a hierarchical |
| Ndi mtundu wanji wovuta kwambiri wa bungwe? | Matrix kapangidwe |
| Kodi mungasankhe mtundu wanji ngati malo akampani yanu ali okhazikika? | Kapangidwe kantchito |
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Kodi Kapangidwe ka Gulu ndi Chiyani?
Dongosolo la bungwe limatanthawuza dongosolo lokhazikika la ntchito ndi maubwenzi opereka malipoti omwe amawongolera, kugwirizanitsa, ndi kulimbikitsa ogwira ntchito kuti agwire ntchito limodzi kukwaniritsa zolinga za bungwe. The zinthu zofunika zomwe zimatanthawuza dongosolo la bungwe ndi:
- Gawo la Ntchito - Kugawaniza ntchito zantchito kukhala ntchito kapena ntchito zoti zichitike. Izi zikuphatikizapo luso lapadera komanso ntchito.
- Kukhazikitsa m'madipatimenti - Kugawa ntchito m'madipatimenti kutengera ntchito zawo zonse (monga dipatimenti yotsatsa) kapena gulu lamakasitomala/omwe amatumizidwa (monga dipatimenti yopititsa patsogolo bizinesi).
- Chain of Command - Mizere yaulamuliro yomwe imanena kuti ndani amauza ndani ndikuwonetsa utsogoleri mu bungwe. Imawonetsa utsogoleri ndi magawo a kasamalidwe.
- Span of Control - Chiwerengero cha otsogolera omwe amayang'anira bwino. Kutalikirana kwakukulu kumatanthauza magawo ochepa a kasamalidwe.
- Centralization vs Decentralization - Imatanthawuza pomwe pali mphamvu zopanga zisankho mkati mwa bungwe. Zomangamanga zapakati zimakhala ndi mphamvu zokhazikika pamwamba, pomwe zida zogawikana zimagawa maulamuliro.
- Kukhazikitsa - Momwe malamulo, ndondomeko, malangizo, ndi kuyankhulana zimalembedwera. Kukhazikitsa kwapamwamba kumatanthauza malamulo ndi miyezo yambiri.
Kapangidwe ka bungwe kumatsimikizira momwe zinthu zonsezi zimagwirizanirana kuti zikwaniritse bwino ntchito ndikukwaniritsa zolinga za kampani. Mitundu yoyenera ya dongosolo la bungwe zimadalira zinthu monga kukula, njira, makampani, ndi kalembedwe ka utsogoleri.
Mitundu Yamapangidwe a Gulu
Ndi mitundu yanji yamabungwe?
Pali mitundu 7 yamabungwe m'mabizinesi. Pakati pa mabungwe osiyanasiyanawa, mabungwe ena amayang'ana mphamvu pamwamba, pomwe ena amawagawa m'magulu onse. Kukhazikitsa kwina kumayika patsogolo kusinthasintha, pomwe ena amawongolera kuwongolera. Tiyeni tiwone mitundu yamagulu abizinesi:
#1. Mapangidwe amagulu amagulu
A kamangidwe ka gulu ndi pamene ntchito imakonzedwa mozungulira magulu osati maudindo a munthu payekha kapena madipatimenti achikhalidwe.
Magulu amapangidwa osonkhanitsa antchito ochokera kumadera osiyanasiyana ogwira ntchito kapena m'madipatimenti osiyanasiyana kuti agwire ntchito inayake kapena cholinga. Amayang'ana kwambiri zolinga ndi zotsatila zomwe zimagawidwa m'malo mwazolinga zaumwini. Kupambana kapena kulephera ndi ntchito yogwirizana. Izi zimawonongeka silika.
Amadzilamulira okha, kutanthauza kuti ali ndi ufulu wodzilamulira ndipo ali ndi mphamvu zoyendetsera ntchito zawo popanda kuyang'anira pang'ono kuchokera kwa oyang'anira. Magulu ali ndi maudindo monga kukonza, kugawa, kukonza bajeti, njira, ndi zothandizira popanda kufunikira kuvomerezedwa ndi akuluakulu.
Pali maulamuliro ochepa oyimirira komanso kulumikizana kopingasa komanso kulumikizana pakati pamagulu. Mabungwe amagulu amagulu ali ndi mwayi wochuluka woti mamembala azitha kuyanjana ndi kugwirizana kuti athe kupititsa patsogolo luso lawo lamagulu.
Umembala wamagulu ukhoza kusintha pamene ntchito ndi zofunikira zikusintha. Ogwira ntchito atha kukhala m'magulu angapo nthawi imodzi.
#2. Network kapangidwe
A kapangidwe ka network m'mapangidwe a bungwe amatanthauza chitsanzo chomwe chimachokera kumagulu osinthika, okhudzana ndi polojekiti osati madipatimenti okhazikika kapena maudindo a ntchito.
Magulu amapangidwa motsatira projekiti ndi projekiti kubweretsa pamodzi maluso ndi maudindo osiyanasiyana ngati pakufunika. Magulu amathetsedwa ma projekiti akatha.
Palibe mamenejala okhwima, koma atsogoleri angapo amagawana maudindo. Ulamuliro umagawidwa potengera maudindo ndi madera a ukatswiri.
Chidziwitso chimayenda motsatana kudzera m'magulu olumikizana m'malo mwa magulu apamwamba.
Maudindo a ntchito ndi amphamvu ndipo amafotokozedwa motengera luso/chidziwitso chothandizira osati maudindo okhazikika.
Mapangidwe a bungwe amatha kusintha mosinthika kutengera njira ndi ma projekiti omwe akusintha popanda kukakamizidwa ndi maudindo okhwima. Zopereka zapayekha zimawunikidwa potengera kupambana kwa mgwirizano m'malo motengera momwe munthu amagwirira ntchito.
#3. Mapangidwe a hierarchical
Pokhala imodzi mwamabungwe ofunikira, a dongosolo labungwe lotsogola ndi chikhalidwe chapamwamba chapamwamba pomwe ulamuliro umachokera ku kasamalidwe kapamwamba kupita kumagulu osiyanasiyana apakati ndi otsika kupita kwa ogwira ntchito kutsogolo.
Nthawi zambiri pamakhala magawo angapo a mamanenjala ndi oyang'anira ang'onoang'ono pakati pa utsogoleri wamkulu ndi ogwira ntchito kutsogolo.
Zosankha zanzeru zimapangidwa pamilingo yapamwamba yokhala ndi kudziyimira pang'ono kutsika pansi.
Ntchito imagawidwa m'magawo apadera ogwira ntchito ndi madipatimenti omwe ali ndi kusinthasintha pang'ono koma akuwonetsa njira yomveka yokwezera makwerero.
Kuyankhulana kumayenda kwambiri kuchokera pamwamba mpaka pansi kudzera m'magulu a kasamalidwe.
Kapangidwe kameneka kamagwira bwino ntchito zokhazikika, zamakina m'malo olosera zomwe sizifuna kusinthasintha.
#4. Matrix dongosolo la bungwe
Kukhazikitsa matrix kuli ngati kukhala ndi mabwana awiri nthawi imodzi. M'malo mongopereka lipoti kwa manejala m'modzi mu dipatimenti yanu, anthu amafotokozera onse omwe amawatsogolera komanso oyang'anira polojekiti.
Kampaniyo imakoka anthu ochokera m'magulu osiyanasiyana kuti apange ntchito zinazake. Chifukwa chake mutha kukhala ndi mainjiniya, ogulitsa, ndi ogulitsa onse omwe akugwira ntchito pagulu limodzi la polojekiti pang'ono.
Pamene akugwira ntchito ngati gulu la polojekiti, anthuwa akadali ndi udindo ku dipatimenti yawo yokhazikika, kotero wogulitsa akuyankha kwa VP yotsatsa komanso woyang'anira polojekiti.
Izi zitha kuyambitsa zovuta zina chifukwa mutha kusokonezeka pa ntchito ndikuwona mikangano pakati pa woyang'anira dipatimenti ndi woyang'anira polojekiti.
Izi zimalola makampani kusonkhanitsa akatswiri onse ofunikira pama projekiti. Ndipo anthu amapeza luso pantchito zawo zapadera komanso ntchito zambiri.
#5. Mapangidwe a bungwe lopingasa/Lathyathyathya
A yopingasa kapena lathyathyathya bungwe dongosolo ndi imodzi yomwe kulibe magawo ochulukirapo a kasamalidwe pakati pa oyang'anira apamwamba ndi ogwira ntchito kutsogolo. Imafalitsa zinthu mozungulira m'malo mokhala ndi utsogoleri wamtali wamtali.
Mu dongosolo lathyathyathya, chidziwitso chimakonda kuyenda mozungulira momasuka popanda kupita mmwamba ndi pansi mndandanda wautali wa malamulo. Kuyankhulana kumakhala kosavuta pakati pa magulu osiyanasiyana.
Kupanga zisankho kumakhala kochepa kwambiri pamwamba. Gulu la utsogoleri limayesetsa kupatsa mphamvu omwe amathandizira aliyense ndikuwapatsa umwini pa ntchito yawo.
Ogwira ntchito atha kudziwongolera okha ndikukhala ndi ntchito zambiri m'malo mokhala ndi maudindo ocheperako.
Pokhala ndi zigawo zochepa zoyendetsera, ndalama zowonjezera zimachepetsedwa. Ndipo nthawi yoyankhira nthawi zambiri imakhala yabwino chifukwa zopempha sizifuna kuvomereza masitampu angapo m'mwamba ndi pansi. Izi ndizoyenera kwa oyambitsa koyambirira komanso makampani ang'onoang'ono, pomwe zisankho ziyenera kupangidwa mwachangu.
#6. Kapangidwe ka bungwe
mu kamangidwe kabungwe kogwira ntchito, ntchito mu kampani imayikidwa m'magulu potengera ukatswiri kapena luso. M'mawu ena, zimakonzedwa mozungulira ntchito zamabizinesi.
Madipatimenti ena omwe amagwira ntchito ndi awa:
- Kutsatsa - kumayang'anira kutsatsa, kuyika chizindikiro, kampeni, ndi zina.
- Ntchito - imayang'anira kupanga, kugulitsa, kukwaniritsa, ndi zina.
- Finance - imasamalira zowerengera, bajeti, ndi ndalama.
- HR - amalemba ntchito ndi kuyang'anira anthu.
- IT - imasunga zida zamakono ndi machitidwe.
Pakukhazikitsa uku, anthu omwe akugwira ntchito yofanana - titi kutsatsa - onse amaphatikizidwa mu dipatimenti imodzi. Bwana wawo angakhale VP kapena wotsogolera ntchitoyo.
Magulu amayang'ana mkati mwake pakukhathamiritsa luso lawo, pomwe kugwirizanitsa ntchito kumafunikira kuyesetsa kwake. Monga kutsatsa kumapanga makampeni, ntchito zosindikiza timabuku, ndi zina zotero.
Zimathandiza kukulitsa luso lakuya pamene ogwira ntchito azunguliridwa ndi ena m'munda wawo. Ndipo imapereka njira zomveka bwino za ntchito mkati mwa ntchito.
Komabe, zitha kukhala zolimba kugwirira ntchito limodzi popeza anthu amagawidwa ndi ma silo. Ndipo makasitomala amawona kampaniyo kudzera m'malo ogwiritsira ntchito magalasi onse.
#7. Kapangidwe kagawo
Tanthauzo lakapangidwe kagawo kagulu likuwoneka losavuta kumva. Ndi kukhazikitsidwa kwa magawo, kampaniyo imadzigawa m'magawo osiyanasiyana kutengera mitundu yosiyanasiyana yazinthu zomwe imapanga kapena malo omwe amagwira. Zimagwira ntchito bwino kwa makampani osiyanasiyana omwe amagwira ntchito m'mafakitale kapena malo osiyanasiyana.
Gawo lililonse limagwira ntchito palokha, pafupifupi ngati kampani yake yaying'ono. Ili ndi anthu ake onse ndi zida zogwirira ntchito monga kutsatsa, kugulitsa, kupanga - zilizonse zomwe zingafune pabizinesi imodzi yokha.
Atsogoleri a magawo awa amapita kwa wamkulu wamkulu. Koma apo ayi, magawano amayitanitsa ambiri awoawo ndipo amafuna kutembenuza phindu paokha.
Kapangidwe kameneka kamapangitsa kuti gawo lililonse liziyang'ana kwambiri komanso lizigwirizana ndi msika kapena makasitomala omwe likuchita nawo. M'malo mokhala ndi njira imodzi yokwanira kampani yonse.
Choyipa chake ndikugwirizanitsa zonse zimagwira ntchito. Magawano atha kuyamba kuchita zinthu zawo popanda mgwirizano. Koma ngati itayendetsedwa bwino, imapatsa mphamvu mabizinesi omwe akugwira ntchito m'mafakitale kapena madera angapo.
Zitengera Zapadera
Makampani ambiri amaphatikiza zinthu zamagulu osiyanasiyana kutengera zolinga zawo, kukula kwawo, komanso mphamvu zamabizinesi. Kuphatikizika koyenera kumatengera momwe kampani ikugwirira ntchito komanso momwe amagwirira ntchito, koma mitundu isanu ndi iwiri iyi yamagulu amaphatikizanso machitidwe omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito m'mabungwe padziko lonse lapansi.
Mafunso Ofunsidwa Kawirikawiri
Kodi mitundu 4 yamakampani ndi iti?
Mitundu inayi yayikulu yamapangidwe abungwe ndi Functional Structure, Divisional Structure, Matrix Structure, ndi Network Structure.
Mitundu itatu ya mabungwe ndi chiyani?
Pali mitundu isanu ya mabungwe Functional Structure, Projectized Structure, Network Structure, Matrix Structure, and Divisional Structure.
