Unombozvibvunza here kuti mamwe makambani anoita kunge ane zvese pamwechete vamwe vachitenderera mavhiri avo mumhirizhonga? Chakavanzika kazhinji chiri muhurongwa hwavo hwesangano.
Kungofanana nemugadziri wekuvaka dhizaini yechivako, hutungamiriri hwekambani hunofanirwa kuvaka hwaro hwakakwana hwebhizinesi ravo.
Asi kusiyana nezvivakwa zvakamira, makambani ari kurarama, zvipenyu zvinofema izvo zvinofanirwa kuchinjika nekufamba kwenguva.
Nhasi tichatarisa kuseri kwemaketeni emasangano epamusoro-soro kuti aratidze mashiripiti ezvimiro anoita kuti vakwekwe.
Pamwe chete tichaongorora zvakasiyana marudzi ezvimiro zvesangano kuona kuti ndeipi yakakunakira.
tsananguro
| Ndechipi chinonyanya kushandiswa hurongwa hwesangano? | Hierarchical structure |
| Ndeupi rudzi rwakanyanya kunetsa rwehurongwa hwesangano? | Matrix chimiro |
| Ndeupi rudzi rwechimiro chaungasarudza kana nharaunda yefemu yako yakagadzikana? | Kushanda chimiro |
Zviri Mukati
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Chii chinonzi Chimiro cheSangano?
Chimiro chesangano chinoreva hurongwa hwepamutemo hwebasa uye hukama hwekushuma hunodzora, kuronga, uye kukurudzira vashandi kuti vashande pamwechete kuzadzikisa zvinangwa zvesangano. The zvinhu zvakakosha izvo zvinotsanangura chimiro chesangano zvinosanganisira:
- Division of Labor -Kupatsanurwa kwemabasa ebasa kuita mamwe mabasa kana mabasa anofanira kuitwa. Izvi zvinosanganisira specialization uye departmentalization.
- Departmentalization -Kuisa mabasa mumadhipatimendi zvichienderana nebasa rawo (semudhipatimendi rekutengesa) kana boka revatengi/rinoshandira (semuenzaniso dhipatimendi rekusimudzira bhizinesi).
- Chain of Command - Mitsetse yechiremera inotsanangura kuti ndiani anoshuma kuna ani uye anoratidza hutongi hwesangano. Inoratidza hierarchy uye mazinga ekutungamira.
- Span of Control - Nhamba yevanotungamira vakananga maneja anogona kunyatso tarisa. Kutambanuka kwakatambanuka kunoreva mashoma akaturikidzana eutariri.
- Centralisation vs Decentralization - Inoreva uko kune masimba ekuita sarudzo mukati mesangano. Zvivako zvepakati zvine simba rakatarisana pamusoro, nepo zvimiro zvakaganhurwa zvinogovera masimba.
- Kugadzira - Kuwanda kwekunyorwa kwemitemo, maitiro, mirairo, uye kutaurirana. Kugadziriswa kwepamusoro kunoreva mitemo yakawanda nemitemo.
Chimiro chesangano chinotarisa kuti zvese izvi zvinhu zvinoiswa sei pamwe chete kuti zvigone kuita uye kuzadzisa zvinangwa zvekambani. Mhando dzakakodzera dzehurongwa hwesangano zvinoenderana nezvinhu zvakaita sehukuru, zano, indasitiri, uye maitiro ehutungamiriri.
Mhando dzeMasangano Esangano
Ndeapi marudzi ezvimiro zvesangano?
Kune anowanzo 7 marudzi ezvimiro zvesangano munyika yebhizinesi. Pakati pezvimiro zvesangano zvakasiyana izvi, zvimwe zvimiro zvinotarisa simba kumusoro, nepo zvimwe zvichiriparadzira munzvimbo dzese. Mamwe maseti anotungamira kuchinjika, nepo mamwe anokwidziridza kutonga. Ngationgororei kuti ndedzipi mhando dzemaitiro ehurongwa mubhizinesi:
#1. Chikwata-chakavakirwa sangano chimiro
A timu-yakavakirwa sangano chimiro nderimwe iro basa rinonyanya kurongeka pazvikwata pane kuita mabasa ega ega kana madhipatimendi echinyakare.
Mapoka anoumbwa achiunza pamwechete vashandi vanobva munzvimbo dzakasiyana dzekushanda kana madhipatimendi kuti vashande pane chimwe chirongwa kana chinangwa. Vanotarisa pazvinangwa zvakagovaniswa uye zvinobuda panzvimbo pezvinangwa zvemunhu. Kubudirira kana kukundikana kushanda pamwe chete. Izvi zvinoputsika silos.
Vanozvitonga vega, zvichireva kuti vane danho repamusoro rekuzvimiririra uye vanopihwa simba rekuita mabasa avo ega netarisiro shoma kubva kumamaneja. Zvikwata zvine mabasa akaita sekuronga, mabasa, bhajeti, maitiro, uye zviwanikwa pasina kuda mvumo kubva kune vepamusoro-kumusoro.
Pane kushomeka kwakatwasuka uye kurongeka kwakachinjika uye kutaurirana pakati pezvikwata. Zvikwata-zvakavakirwa sangano zvimiro zvine mikana yakawanda yekuti nhengo dzidyidzane uye dzibatane kuitira kuti dzigone kusimudzira hunyanzvi hwavo hwekubatana.
Nhengo dzechikwata dzinogona kuchinja sezvo mapurojekiti uye zvinonyanya kukosha zvinoshanduka. Vashandi vanogona kuve chikamu chezvikwata zvakawanda panguva imwe chete.
#2. Network chimiro
A network structure mukugadzira kwesangano zvinoreva modhi yakavakirwa pazvikwata zvinochinjika, zvepurojekiti panzvimbo pemadhipatimendi akaiswa kana mabasa ebasa.
Zvikwata zvinoumbwa pachirongwa-ne-purojekiti zvichiunza pamwechete hunyanzvi hwakasiyana uye mabasa sezvinodiwa. Matimu anoparara mushure mekunge mapurojekiti apera.
Iko hakuna maneja akasimba, asi vatungamiriri vezvikwata vakawanda vanogovana mabasa. Chiremera chinogovaniswa zvichienderana nemabasa uye nzvimbo dzehunyanzvi.
Ruzivo rwunoyerera rwakatevedzana kuburikidza nezvikwata zvakabatana kwete hutungamiri hwepamusoro-pasi.
Basa rebasa rine simba uye rinotsanangurwa zvichibva paunyanzvi/ruzivo rwemipiro panzvimbo pemazita ebasa akatarwa.
Dhizaini yesangano inogona kuchinjika zvichibva pamaitiro ekuchinja uye mapurojekiti pasina kumanikidzwa nemabasa akaomarara. Mipiro yemunhu mumwe nemumwe inoongororwa zvichienderana nekubudirira kwekubatana kwete maitiro emunhu ega.
#3. Hierarchical structure
Kuve chimwe chezvimiro zvesangano, a hurongwa hwehurongwa hweherarchical chimiro chetsika chepamusoro-pasi apo chiremera chinoyerera kubva kumusoro-pamusoro-soro kudzika kuburikidza nematanho akasiyana-siyana epakati neakadzika manejimendi kune vashandi vepamberi.
Iko kunowanzo kune akati wandei mazinga emaneja uye madiki-maneja pakati pehutungamiriri hwepamusoro uye vashandi vepamberi.
Sarudzo dzehunyanzvi dzinoitwa pamatanho epamusoro nekuzvimiririra kushoma kudzika pasi.
Basa rakakamurwa kuita mabasa ehunyanzvi ekuita uye madhipatimendi ane kushomeka kuchinjika asi anoratidza nzira yakajeka yekusimudzira mumanera.
Kukurukurirana kunonyanya kuyerera kubva kumusoro kusvika kuzasi kuburikidza nezvikamu zvehutungamiri.
Ichi chimiro chinoshanda zvakanaka kune yakagadzikana, mechanical mabasa munzvimbo dzekufungidzira dzisingadi kushanduka.
#4. Matrix sangano rekugadzirisa
Kugadzika matrix kwakafanana nekuva nemabhosi maviri panguva imwe chete. Panzvimbo pekungotaura kune mumwe maneja mudhipatimendi rako, vanhu vanoshuma kune yavo inoshanda inotungamira uye maneja weprojekiti.
Iyo kambani inodhonza vanhu kubva kuzvikwata zvakasiyana pamwechete kune chaiwo mapurojekiti. Saka iwe unogona kunge uine mainjiniya, vatengesi, uye vatengesi vese vanoshanda pane imwechete purojekiti timu kwechinguva.
Pavanenge vachishanda sechikwata chepurojekiti, vanhu ivavo vachine basa kune dhipatimendi ravo renguva dzose, saka mutengesi ari kupindura kune VP yekutengesa asiwo mutungamiri weprojekti.
Izvi zvinogona kukonzera dzimwe nyaya sezvo iwe unogona kuvhiringidzika pamusoro pemabasa uye kupupurira kukakavara pakati pemaneja wedhipatimendi uye maneja weprojekiti.
Inobvumira makambani kudhonza pamwechete nyanzvi dzese dzinodiwa kumapurojekiti. Uye vanhu vanowana ruzivo mumabasa avo ehunyanzvi uye mapurojekiti akafara.
#5. Horizontal/Flat sangano rehurongwa
A horizontal kana flat sangano chimiro ndiyo imwe apo pasina kuwanda kwemazinga ekutonga pakati pevakuru vepamusoro nevashandi vepamberi. Inoparadzira zvinhu zviri mberi pane kuve nehukuru hurefu hwehutungamiriri.
Muchimiro chakati sandara, ruzivo runowanzo tenderera zvakasununguka pasina kukwira nekudzika tambo refu yekuraira. Kukurukurirana kunowedzera mvura pakati pezvikwata zvakasiyana zvakare.
Kusarudza-kuita sarudzo kushoma pakati pepamusoro. Chikwata chehutungamiriri chinoedza kupa simba kune vamwe vanopa uye kuvapa muridzi webasa ravo.
Vashandi vanogona kuzvitarisira ivo pachavo zvakanyanya uye kuve nehupamhi hwehupamhi hwemabasa pane kuita mabasa akatetepa zvakanyanya.
Nematanho mashoma ekutarisira, mutengo wepamusoro unoderedzwa. Uye nguva yekupindura inowanzoita nani sezvo zvikumbiro zvisingade zvitambi zvakati wandei zvichikwira nekudzika cheni huru. Izvi zvakakodzera kune yekutanga-nhanho yekutanga-ups uye makambani madiki, uko sarudzo dzinofanirwa kuitwa nekukurumidza.
#6. Kushanda kwehurongwa hwehurongwa
mune chimiro chesangano chinoshanda, basa mukambani rinoiswa mumapoka zvichienderana nehunyanzvi kana hunyanzvi. Mune mamwe mazwi, yakarongeka zvakatenderedza bhizinesi mabasa.
Mamwe madhipatimendi anoshanda akajairika anosanganisira:
- Kushambadzira - inobata kushambadzira, kushambadzira, mishandirapamwe, nezvimwe.
- Operations - inotarisira kugadzirwa, cheni yekugovera, kuzadzikiswa, nezvimwe.
- Mari - inotarisira accounting, bhajeti, uye mari.
- HR - inotora uye inotarisira vanhu.
- IT - inochengetedza tech zvivakwa uye masisitimu.
Mukugadzirisa uku, vanhu vanoshanda mukuraira kwakafanana - toti kushambadzira - vese vakaunganidzwa pamwechete mudhipatimendi rimwe chete. Mukuru wavo angave ari VP kana director weiyo chaiyo basa.
Matimu anotarisisa mukati mukugadzirisa hunyanzvi hwavo, nepo kurongeka mumabasa ese kunoda simba rawo. Kufanana nekushambadzira kunogadzira mishandirapamwe, mashandiro anodhinda mabhurocha, nezvimwe zvakadaro.
Inobatsira kukudziridza hunyanzvi hwakadzama kana vashandi vakakomberedzwa nevamwe mumunda wavo. Uye inopa nzira dzakajeka dzebasa mukati memabasa.
Nekudaro, zvinogona kuoma kushandira pamwe sezvo vanhu vakakamurwa nemasilo. Uye vatengi vanoona kambani kuburikidza neanoshanda kwete pane yakazara lens.
#7. Diviation structure
Tsanangudzo yehurongwa hwechikamu chesangano inoita kunge iri nyore kunzwisisa. Nekuseta kwechikamu, kambani inozvipatsanura muzvikamu zvakasiyana zvichienderana nemhando dzakasiyana dzezvigadzirwa zvainogadzira kana geography yainoshanda. Inoshanda zvakanaka kumakambani akasiyana anoshanda mumaindasitiri akasiyana kana nzvimbo.
Chikamu chega chega chinoshanda chakazvimirira, senge chayo mini-kambani. Iine vanhu vayo vese uye zviwanikwa zvekubata zvinhu zvakaita sekushambadzira, kutengesa, kugadzira - chero chainoda kune icho chikamu chimwe chete chebhizinesi.
Vatungamiriri vezvikamu izvi zvega vobva vataurira mukuru mukuru. Asi kana zvisina kudaro, zvikwata zvinodaidza akawanda ezvipfuti zvawo uye zvinovavarira kushandura purofiti vega.
Ichi chimiro chinoita kuti chikamu chega chega chitarise uye chigadzirise kune chaiyo musika kana vatengi vari kubata navo. Panzvimbo peiyo imwe-saizi-inokodzera-yese nzira yekambani yese.
Iyo yakaderera ndeyekuronga zvese zvinotora basa. Iwo mapoka anogona kutanga kuita zvinhu zvake pasina kuwirirana. Asi kana ikabatwa zvakanaka, inopa simba mabhizinesi anobata mumaindasitiri akawanda kana nzvimbo.
Zvitsva Zvitsva
Mazhinji makambani anosanganisira zvinhu zvezvimiro zvakasiyana zvichienderana nezvinangwa zvavo, saizi, uye indasitiri inochinja. Musanganiswa wakakodzera unoenderana nehurongwa hwekambani uye nemamiriro ekushanda, asi aya marudzi manomwe akasiyana ezvimiro zvesangano anosanganisira akakosha masisitimu anoshandiswa kumasangano ese pasi rose.
Mibvunzo Inonyanya Kubvunzwa
Ndeapi marudzi mana emasangano emasangano?
Iwo mana makuru emhando dzezvimiro zvesangano ndeye Functional Structure, Divisional Structure, Matrix Structure, uye Network Structure.
Ndeapi marudzi matatu emasangano?
Kune marudzi mashanu emasangano Functional Structure, Projectized Structure, Network Structure, Matrix Structure, uye Divisional Structure.
