Ngaba ukhe uzibuze ukuba ezinye iinkampani zibonakala ngathi zinayo yonke into kunye ngelixa abanye bejikeleza amavili abo kwisiphithiphithi? Imfihlelo idla ngokuba kukuma kombutho wabo.
Kanye njengokuba umakhi wezakhiwo eyila iplani yesakhiwo, iinkokeli zenkampani kufuneka zakhe isakhelo esigqibeleleyo seshishini labo.
Kodwa ngokungafaniyo nezakhiwo ezimi ngxi, iinkampani ziphila, ziphefumla izinto ezimele zilungelelane ngokuhamba kwexesha.
Namhlanje siza kukroba emva kwamakhethini emibutho esebenza ngokuphezulu ukubonisa umlingo wesakhiwo obenza baphawule.
Sikunye siza kuhlola ezahlukeneyo iintlobo zemibutho ukubona ukuba yeyiphi eyona ikulungeleyo.
isishwankathelo
| Leliphi elona qumrhu lidla ngokusetyenziswa? | Ulwakhiwo lwemigangatho |
| Loluphi olona didi lungumceli mngeni lombutho? | Ubume beMatrix |
| Loluphi uhlobo lwesakhiwo onokuthi ukhethe ukuba indawo yefemu yakho izinzile? | Ulwakhiwo olusebenzayo |
Isiqulatho
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Yintoni uBume boMbutho?
Ubume bombutho bubhekisa kwinkqubo esesikweni yomsebenzi kunye nobudlelwane bokunika ingxelo obulawula, obunxibelelanisa, obukhuthaza abasebenzi ukuba basebenze kunye ukuphumeza iinjongo zombutho. I izinto eziphambili ezichaza ubume bombutho ziquka:
- ICandelo lezaBasebenzi -Ukwahlulwa kwemisebenzi yomsebenzi ibe yimisebenzi ethile okanye imisebenzi ekufuneka yenziwe. Oku kubandakanya ubungcali kunye nokufakwa kwisebe.
- Ukwenziwa kweSebe – Ukwahlulahlula imisebenzi ngokwamasebe ngokusekwe kumsebenzi wawo ofanayo (umz. isebe lezentengiso) okanye iqela labathengi/leqela ekujoliswe kulo (umzekelo, isebe lophuhliso loshishino).
- I-Chain of Command - Imigca yegunya echaza ukuba ngubani onika ingxelo kubani kwaye ubonakalisa ulawulo kwintlangano. Ibonisa ubume kunye namanqanaba olawulo.
- I-Span of Control - Inani labangaphantsi ngokuthe ngqo umphathi anokongamela ngokufanelekileyo. Ubude bexesha elibanzi buthetha amaleya ambalwa olawulo.
- I-Centralisation vs Decentralization - Ibhekisa apho igunya lokwenza izigqibo lilele khona kumbutho. Izakhiwo ezisembindini zinamandla agxininiswe phezulu, ngelixa izakhiwo ezinatyisiweyo zisasaza igunya.
- Ukwenziwa ngokusesikweni -Ubungakanani bemigaqo, iinkqubo, imiyalelo kunye nonxibelelwano olubhaliweyo. Ukwenziwa ngokusesikweni okuphezulu kuthetha ukuba imithetho nemigangatho emininzi.
Ubume bombutho bumisela ukuba zonke ezi zinto zidityaniswe njani ukuze kuphuculwe ukusebenza kakuhle kunye nokufezekisa iinjongo zenkampani. Iindidi ezifanelekileyo zesakhiwo sombutho zixhomekeke kwizinto ezifana nobukhulu, isicwangciso, ishishini, kunye Uhlobo lobunkokeli.
Iindidi zoLwakhiwo loMbutho
Zeziphi iindidi zamaqumrhu emibutho?
Kukho ngokubanzi iintlobo ezisi-7 zemibutho kwilizwe loshishino. Phakathi kwezi zakhiwo zahlukeneyo zemibutho, ezinye izakhiwo zigxininisa amandla phezulu, ngelixa ezinye zisasaza kuwo wonke amanqanaba. Umiselo oluthile lubeka phambili ukuguquguquka, ngelixa ezinye zikhulisa ulawulo. Makhe siphonononge ukuba zeziphi iintlobo zesakhiwo sombutho kushishino:
#1. Ubume bombutho obusekwe kwiqela
A Ubume bombutho obusekwe kwiqela yindawo apho umsebenzi ulungelelaniswe ngokuyintloko malunga namaqela endaweni yeendima zomsebenzi ngamnye okanye amasebe emveli.
Amaqela asekwa adibanisa abasebenzi abavela kwimimandla eyahlukeneyo yokusebenza okanye amasebe ukuze basebenze kwiprojekthi okanye injongo ethile. Bagxininisa kwiinjongo ekwabelwana ngazo kunye neziphumo kunosukelo lomntu ngamnye. Impumelelo okanye ukungaphumeleli ngumzamo wentsebenziswano. Oku kuyaphuka isilos.
Bayazilawula, nto leyo ethetha ukuba banenqanaba eliphezulu lokuzimela kwaye baxhotyisiwe ukuba balawule iinkqubo zabo zokusebenza ngokubeka iliso elincinane kubaphathi. Amaqela anoxanduva olunjengokucwangcisa, izabelo, uhlahlo lwabiwo-mali, iinkqubo, kunye nezibonelelo ngaphandle kokufuna ulwamkelo oluvela kwabaphezulu.
Kukho ulawulo oluthe nkqo olusezantsi kunye nolungelelwaniso oluthe tye ngakumbi kunye nonxibelelwano phakathi kwamaqela. Imibutho esekwe kwiqela inamathuba amaninzi okuba amalungu anxibelelane kwaye asebenzisane ukuze aphucule izakhono zawo zokusebenzisana.
Ubulungu beqela bunokutshintsha njengoko iiprojekthi kunye nezinto eziphambili zitshintsha. Abasebenzi banokuba yinxalenye yamaqela amaninzi ngaxeshanye.
#2. Ulwakhiwo lwenethiwekhi
A ubume bothungelwano kuyilo lombutho lubhekiselele kumzekelo osekelwe kumaqela aguquguqukayo, asekelwe kwiprojekthi kunamasebe amiselweyo okanye iindima zemisebenzi.
Amaqela asekwa ngokweprojekthi-ngeprojekthi edibanisa izakhono ezahlukeneyo kunye neendima njengoko kufuneka. Amaqela ayachithwa emva kokuphela kweeprojekthi.
Akukho baphathi bangqongqo, kunokuba iinkokeli ezininzi zabelana ngoxanduva. Igunya lisasazwe ngokusekelwe kwiindima kunye nemimandla yobungcali.
Ulwazi luqukuqela emacaleni kumaqela anxibeleleneyo endaweni yoluhlu oluphezulu olusezantsi.
Iindima zemisebenzi ziyaguquka kwaye zichazwa ngokusekwe kwizakhono/kwigalelo lolwazi kunezihloko zemisebenzi ezisisigxina.
Uyilo lombutho lunokutshintsha ngokuguquguqukayo ngokusekwe kumacebo aphuhlayo kunye neeprojekthi ngaphandle kokunyanzelwa ziindima ezingqongqo. Igalelo lomntu ngamnye livavanywa ngokusekwe kwimpumelelo yentsebenziswano kuneemethrikhi zokwenziwa komsebenzi ngamnye.
#3. Ulwakhiwo lwe-Hierarchical
Ukuba lelinye lamaqumrhu asisiseko, a ubume bombutho obuphezulu sisakhiwo esiqhelekileyo esisuka phezulu ukuya phantsi apho igunya liphuma kulawulo oluphezulu ukuhla kumanqanaba ahlukeneyo olawulo oluphakathi naphantsi ukuya kubasebenzi abaphambili.
Kudla ngokubakho amanqanaba amaninzi abaphathi kunye nabaphathi abaphantsi phakathi kweenkokeli eziphezulu kunye abasebenzi abaphambili.
Izigqibo ezicwangcisiweyo zenziwa kumanqanaba aphezulu kunye nokuzimela okuncinci okuphantsi.
Umsebenzi wahlulwe ngokwemisebenzi ekhethekileyo yokusebenza kunye namasebe anokuguquguquka okulinganiselweyo kodwa ubonisa indlela ecacileyo yokunyuselwa kwileli.
Unxibelelwano luhamba ubukhulu becala ukusuka phezulu ukuya ezantsi ngamaleya olawulo.
Esi sakhiwo sisebenza kakuhle ngokuzinza, imisebenzi yomatshini kwiindawo eziqikelelwayo ezingadingi ukuguquguquka.
#4. Ubume bombutho weMatrix
Ukuseta imatrix kufana nokuba nabaphathi ababini ngexesha elinye. Esikhundleni sokunika ingxelo kumphathi omnye kwisebe lakho, abantu babika zombini kwisikhokelo sabo esisebenzayo kunye nomphathi weprojekthi.
Inkampani itsala abantu abavela kumaqela ahlukeneyo kunye kwiiprojekthi ezithile. Ke unokuba neenjineli, abathengisi, kunye nabathengisi bonke abasebenza kwiqela leprojekthi enye kancinci.
Ngelixa basebenza njengeqela leprojekthi, abo bantu basenoxanduva kwisebe labo eliqhelekileyo, ngoko ke umthengisi uphendula kwi-VP yokuthengisa kodwa kunye nomlawuli weprojekthi.
Oku kunokubangela imiba ethile kuba unokubhideka ngenxa yemisebenzi kunye nokungqubana kwengqina phakathi komphathi wesebe kunye nomphathi weprojekthi.
Ivumela iinkampani ukuba zidibanise zonke iingcali ezifunekayo kwiiprojekthi. Kwaye abantu bafumana amava kuyo yomibini imisebenzi yabo ekhethekileyo kunye neeprojekthi ezibanzi.
#5. Ubume bombutho othe tyaba/oMcaba
A tye okanye Ulwakhiwo oluthe tyaba lombutho yenye apho kungekho manqanaba maninzi kakhulu olawulo phakathi kwabaphathi abaphezulu kunye nabasebenzi abaphambili. Isasaza izinto ecaleni kakhulu endaweni yokuba neqela eliphakamileyo eliphakamileyo.
Kwisakhiwo esisicaba, ulwazi luthande ukujikeleza ngokukhululekileyo ngaphandle kokunyuka nokuhla ngothotho olude lomyalelo. Unxibelelwano luthambile ngakumbi phakathi kwamaqela ahlukeneyo.
Ukuthathwa kwezigqibo akubekwe kwindawo enye phezulu. Iqela lobunkokeli lizama ukuxhobisa abaxhasi ngabanye kwaye libanike ubunini phezu komsebenzi wabo.
Abasebenzi banokuzilawula ngaphezulu kwaye babe nobubanzi bemisebenzi ebanzi kunendima emxinwa kakhulu.
Ngoluhlu oluncinci lolawulo, iindleko eziphezulu ziyancipha. Kwaye ixesha lokuphendula lidla ngokuphucuka njengoko izicelo zingadingi mvume yesitampu ezininzi phezulu naphantsi ngekhonkco elikhulu. Oku kulungele ukuqala kwasekuqaleni kunye neenkampani ezincinci, apho izigqibo kufuneka zenziwe ngokukhawuleza.
#6. Ubume bombutho obusebenzayo
Kwi ubume bombutho obusebenzayo, umsebenzi enkampanini uba ngamaqela ngokusekwe kubuchwephesha okanye ubungcali. Ngamanye amazwi, ilungelelaniswe malunga nemisebenzi yoshishino.
Amanye amasebe asebenzayo aquka:
- Ukuthengisa - iphatha intengiso, intengiso, amaphulo, njl.
- Imisebenzi - yongamela imveliso, ikhonkco lokubonelela, ukuzaliseka, njl.
- Ezemali - ikhathalela ubalo-mali, uhlahlo lwabiwo-mali kunye notyalo-mali.
- I-HR - ifuna kwaye ilawule abantu.
- I-IT - igcina iziseko zophuhliso kunye neenkqubo.
Kolu cwangciso, abantu abasebenza kuqeqesho olufanayo - bathi ukuthengisa - bonke bahlanganiswe kwisebe elinye. Umphathi wabo uya kuba yi-VP okanye umlawuli walo msebenzi othile.
Amaqela agxila ngaphakathi ekwandiseni ubuchule bawo, ngelixa ulungelelwaniso kuyo yonke imisebenzi lufuna umzamo walo. Njengokuthengisa kudala imikhankaso, imisebenzi yoshicilelo lweencwadana, kunye nokunye.
Inceda ukuphuhlisa ubuchule obunzulu xa abasebenzi bejikelezwe ngabanye kwintsimi yabo. Kwaye ibonelela ngeendlela ezicacileyo zomsebenzi ngaphakathi kwemisebenzi.
Nangona kunjalo, kunokuba nzima ukusebenzisana njengoko abantu bahlulwe zii-silos. Kwaye abathengi babona inkampani ngokusebenza kunelensi epheleleyo.
#7. Ulwakhiwo lolwahlulo
Inkcazo yesakhiwo sombutho ibonakala ilula kakhulu ukuyiqonda. Ngokusekwa kwecandelo, inkampani ngokusisiseko izahlula ngokwamacandelo ahlukeneyo ngokusekwe kwiintlobo ezahlukeneyo zeemveliso ezenzayo okanye ijografi esebenza kuyo. Isebenza kakuhle kwiinkampani ezahlukeneyo ezisebenza kumashishini okanye kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo.
Icandelo ngalinye lisebenza kakuhle ngokuzimeleyo, phantse njengeyalo inkampani encinci. Inabo bonke abantu bayo kunye nezixhobo zokuphatha izinto ezifana nokuthengisa, ukuthengisa, ukwenziwa kwemveliso - nantoni na eyifunayo kwelo shishini.
Iinkokeli zala macandelo ahlukeneyo ziye zinike ingxelo kwi-CEO ephambili. Kodwa ngenye indlela, ulwahlulo lubiza uninzi lwezithonga zabo kwaye zijolise ekuguquleni inzuzo ngokwazo.
Esi sakhiwo sivumela icandelo ngalinye ukuba ligxile ngokwenene kwaye lizilungelelanise nemarike ethile okanye abathengi elijongene nabo. Kunokuba ibe yindlela enye yokulinganisa yonke inkampani.
I-downside kukulungelelanisa yonke into ithatha umsebenzi. Izahlulo zisenokuqalisa ukwenza ezazo izinto ngaphandle kwentsebenziswano. Kodwa ukuba ilawulwa ngokufanelekileyo, ixhobisa amashishini asebenza kumashishini amaninzi okanye kwiindawo.
IItrakthi ezibalulekileyo
Uninzi lweenkampani zibandakanya izinto zezakhiwo ezahlukeneyo ngokusekwe kwiinjongo zabo, ubungakanani, kunye namandla oshishino. Umdibaniso ochanekileyo uxhomekeke kwisicwangciso sefem nakwimeko yokusebenza, kodwa ezi ntlobo zisi-7 zahlukeneyo zamaqumrhu aquka isiseko sesakhelo esisisiseko esisetyenziswa kuyo yonke imibutho yehlabathi.
Imibuzo ebuzwa qho
Zithini ezi ntlobo zine zemibutho yeziko?
Iindidi ezine eziphambili zemibutho luBume obuSebenzayo, uLwakhiwo loLwahlulo, uLwakhiwo lweMatrix, kunye noLwakhiwo lweNethiwekhi.
Zeziphi iintlobo ezi-5 zemibutho?
Kukho iindidi ezi-5 zemibutho i-Functional Structure, i-Projectized Structure, i-Network Structure, i-Matrix Structure, kunye ne-Divisional Structure.
