Wake wethula umbiko wedatha kumphathi wakho/osebenza nabo/othisha ucabanga ukuthi kuwukuganga okumangalisayo sengathi ungumgebengu we-inthanethi ohlala ku-Matrix, kodwa abakubonayo nje inqwaba yezinombolo ezimile lokho kwakubonakala kungenangqondo futhi kungenangqondo kubo?
Ukuqonda amadijithi ngu eqinile. Ukwenza abantu kusuka izizinda ezingahlaziywanga ukuqonda lezo zinombolo kuyinselele nakakhulu.
Ungazisusa kanjani lezo zinombolo ezididayo futhi wenze isethulo sakho sicace njengosuku? Ake sihlole lezi zindlela ezingcono kakhulu zokwethula idatha. 💎
Uhlolojikelele
| Zingaki izinhlobo zamashadi ezitholakalayo ukwethula idatha? | 7 |
| Mangaki amashadi ezibalweni? | 4, okuhlanganisa ibha, ulayini, i-histogram kanye nophaya. |
| Zingaki izinhlobo zamashadi ezitholakala ku-Excel? | 8 |
| Ubani owasungula amashadi? | UWilliam Playfair |
| Asungulwa nini amashadi? | I-18th Century |
Amathiphu amaningi nge AhaSlides
Qala ngemizuzwana.
Thola noma iziphi kulezi zibonelo ezingenhla njengezifanekiso. Bhalisa mahhala bese uthatha okufunayo kulabhulali yethempulethi!
🚀 Thatha I-akhawunti Yamahhala☁️
Iphrezentheshini Yedatha - Iyini?
Igama elithi 'isethulo sedatha' lihlobene nendlela owethula ngayo idatha ngendlela eyenza ngisho nomuntu ongenalwazi osegumbini aqonde.
Abanye bathi ukuthakatha (usebenzisa izinombolo ngandlela thize), kodwa sizovele sithi amandla ukushintsha izinombolo ezomile, eziqinile noma amadijithi zibe umbukiso obonakalayo lokho kulula ukuthi abantu bakugaye.
Ukwethula idatha ngendlela efanele kungasiza izethameli zakho ziqonde izinqubo eziyinkimbinkimbi, zihlonze amathrendi, futhi zikhombe ngokushesha noma yini eyenzekayo ngaphandle kokuqeda ubuchopho bazo.
Ukwethulwa kahle kwedatha kuyasiza...
- Yenza izinqumo ezinolwazi futhi fika emiphumeleni emihle. Uma ubona ukuthengiswa komkhiqizo wakho kukhula kancane kancane phakathi neminyaka yonke, kungcono uqhubeke uwusenga noma uqale ukuwenza inqwaba yama-spin-offs (memeza ku-Star Wars👀).
- Yehlisa isikhathi esichithwe ukucubungula idatha. Abantu bangakwazi ukugaya imininingwane ngemidwebo Izikhathi ze-60,000 ngokushesha kunendlela yombhalo. Banikeze amandla okuphenya ishumi leminyaka ledatha ngamaminithi ngamanye amagrafu ababayo namashadi engeziwe.
- Khuluma ngemiphumela ngokucacile. Idatha ayiqambi amanga. Asekelwe ebufakazini bamaqiniso ngakho-ke uma noma ubani elokhu ekhala ngokuthi kungenzeka ukuthi unephutha, mshaye ngedatha ethile eqinile ukuze avale imilomo yakhe.
- Engeza noma nweba ucwaningo lwamanje. Ungabona ukuthi yiziphi izindawo ezidinga ukuthuthukiswa, kanye nokuthi yimiphi imininingwane evame ukunganakwa ngenkathi uphenya kuleyo migqa emincane, amachashazi noma izithonjana ezivela ebhodini ledatha.
Izindlela Zokwethulwa Kwedatha Nezibonelo
Cabanga ukuthi une-pepperoni emnandi, i-pizza yoshizi. Unganquma ukuyisika ibe izingcezu zonxantathu eziyi-8 zakudala, isitayela sephathi izingcezu zesikwele eziyi-12, noma udale ubuhlakani futhi uhlakaniphe kulezo zingcezu.
Kunezindlela ezahlukahlukene zokusika i-pizza futhi uthola ukuhlukahluka okufanayo ngendlela owethula ngayo idatha yakho. Kulesi sigaba, sizokulethela izindlela eziyi-10 zokuthi sika pizza - siqonde thula idatha yakho - lokho kuzokwenza impahla ebaluleke kakhulu yenkampani yakho icace njengosuku. Ake singene ezindleleni eziyi-10 zokwethula idatha kahle.
#1 - Ithebula
Phakathi kwezinhlobo ezahlukene zokwethulwa kwedatha, ithebula iyindlela ebaluleke kakhulu, enedatha ethulwa ngemigqa namakholomu. I-Excel noma i-Google AmaSpredishithi ingawufanelekela lo msebenzi. Akukho okumnandi.
Lesi isibonelo sesethulo sethebula ledatha ku-Google AmaSpredishithi. Umugqa nekholomu ngayinye inesibaluli (unyaka, isifunda, imali engenayo, njll.), futhi ungenza ifomethi yangokwezifiso ukuze ubone ushintsho emalini engenayo unyaka wonke.
#2 - Umbhalo
Lapho wethula idatha njengombhalo, okwenzayo nje ukubhala okutholile phansi ezigabeni nasemaphoyinti echashazi, futhi yilokho kuphela. Ucezu lwekhekhe kuwe, inadi elinzima ukuliqhekeza kunoma ubani okufanele afunde konke ukuze afinyelele iphuzu.
- U-65% wabasebenzisi be-imeyili emhlabeni wonke ufinyelela ama-imeyili wabo ngefoni ephathekayo.
- Ama-imeyili alungiselelwe umakhalekhukhwini akhiqiza amanani okuchofoza angu-15% aphezulu.
- U-56% wamabhrendi asebenzisa ama-emoji emigqeni yezihloko ze-imeyili abe nezinga elivulekile eliphezulu.
(Source: I-CustomerThermometer)
Zonke izingcaphuno ezingenhla zethula ulwazi lwezibalo ngendlela yombhalo. Njengoba bengebaningi abantu abathanda ukudabula udonga lwemibhalo, kuzodingeka uthole omunye umzila lapho unquma ukusebenzisa le ndlela, njengokwephula imininingwane ibe yizitatimende ezimfushane, ezicacile, noma ama-puns ahehayo uma unawo. isikhathi sokucabanga ngabo.
#3 - Ishadi likaphayi
Ishadi likaphayi (noma 'ishadi ledonadi' uma unamathisele imbobo phakathi kwalo) liyindilinga ehlukaniswe izingcezu ezibonisa amasayizi ahlobene edatha kuyo yonke. Uma uyisebenzisela ukukhombisa amaphesenti, qiniseka ukuthi zonke izingcezu zengeza kufika ku-100%.
Ishadi likaphayi liwubuso obujwayelekile kuwo wonke amaphathi futhi ngokuvamile libonwa abantu abaningi. Kodwa-ke, into eyodwa ebuyisela emuva ukusebenzisa le ndlela amehlo ethu kwesinye isikhathi awakwazi ukubona umehluko eziqephu zendilinga, futhi cishe akunakwenzeka ukuqhathanisa izingcezu ezifanayo ezivela kumashadi ophaya amabili ahlukene, ukuwenza. ababi emehlweni abahlaziyi bedatha.
#4 - Ishadi lebha
Ishadi lebha liyishadi elethula inqwaba yezinto ezivela esigabeni esifanayo, ngokuvamile ngendlela yamabha awunxande abekwe ebangeni elilinganayo ukusuka kwenye. Ubude bazo noma ubude bubonisa amanani eziwameleyo.
Angaba lula njengalokhu:
A
Noma inkimbinkimbi futhi inemininingwane eminingi njengalesi sibonelo sokwethulwa kwedatha. Inikela kuphrezentheshini yezibalo ephumelelayo, leli yishadi lebha eliqoqwe elingakuvumeli nje kuphela ukuthi uqhathanise izigaba kodwa namaqembu angaphakathi kwazo.
#5 - I-Histogram
Ngokufana nokubukeka kweshadi lebha kodwa amabha awunxande kuma-histogram awavamisile ukuba negebe njengozakwabo.
Esikhundleni sokulinganisa izigaba ezifana nezintandokazi zesimo sezulu noma amafilimu ayintandokazi njengoba kwenza ishadi lebha, i-histogram ikala kuphela izinto ezingafakwa ezinombolweni.
Othisha bangasebenzisa amagrafu ezethulo njenge-histogram ukuze babone ukuthi yiliphi iqembu lamaphuzu iningi labafundi abawela kulo, njengalesi sibonelo esingenhla.
#6 - Igrafu yomugqa
Ukurekhodwa ezindleleni zokubonisa idatha, akufanele singakunaki ukusebenza kahle kwamagrafu emigqa. Amagrafu emigqa amelwe iqoqo lamaphoyinti edatha ahlanganiswe ndawonye ngomugqa oqondile. Kungaba nomugqa owodwa noma eminingi ukuqhathanisa ukuthi izinto ezimbalwa ezihlobene zishintsha kanjani ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.
Ku-eksisi evundlile yeshadi lomugqa, ngokuvamile uba namalebula ombhalo, amadethi noma iminyaka, kuyilapho i-eksisi eqondile ivame ukumela ubuningi (isb: ibhajethi, izinga lokushisa noma amaphesenti).
#7 - Igrafu yesithombe
Igrafu ye-pictogram isebenzisa izithombe noma izithonjana ezihlobene nesihloko esikhulu ukuze ibone ngeso lengqondo idathasethi encane. Inhlanganisela ejabulisayo yemibala nemifanekiso ikwenza kusetshenziswe njalo ezikoleni.
Ama-pictograms awumoya omusha uma ufuna ukuhlala kude neshadi lomugqa eliyisicefe noma ishadi lebha isikhashana. Kodwa-ke, bangathula inani elilinganiselwe ledatha futhi ngezinye izikhathi bakhona ukuze baboniswe kuphela futhi abamele izibalo zangempela.
#8 - Ishadi lerada
Uma ukwethula okuguquguqukayo okuyisihlanu noma ngaphezulu ngendlela yeshadi lebha kuminyene kakhulu kufanele uzame ukusebenzisa ishadi le-radar, okungenye yezindlela zokudala kakhulu zokwethula idatha.
Amashadi e-radar abonisa idatha ngokuya ngokuthi aqhathaniseka kanjani elinye nelinye kusukela endaweni efanayo. Abanye baphinde bawabize ngokuthi 'ama-spider chart' ngenxa yokuthi isici ngasinye sihlanganisiwe sibukeka njengolwembu lwesicabucabu.
Amashadi e-radar angaba usizo oluhle kubazali abangathanda ukuqhathanisa amamaki engane yabo nontanga ukuze behlise ukuzethemba kwabo. Ungabona ukuthi i-angular ngayinye imele isifundo esinenani lamaphuzu elisuka ku-0 kuye ku-100. Amaphuzu omfundi ngamunye ezifundweni ezingu-5 agqanyiswe ngombala ohlukile.
Uma ucabanga ukuthi le ndlela yokwethulwa kwedatha ngandlela thize izwakala ijwayelekile, cishe uhlangabezane nayo ngenkathi udlala. Pokémon.
#9 - Imephu yokushisa
Imephu yokushisa imelela ukuminyana kwedatha ngemibala. Uma inombolo iba nkulu, yilapho idatha izomelwa khona umbala omningi.
Iningi lezakhamizi zase-US lingayijwayele le ndlela yokwethulwa kwedatha endaweni. Okhethweni, izitolo eziningi zezindaba zinikela ngekhodi ethile yombala esifundazweni, okuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka okumelele ikhandidethi elilodwa nokubomvu kumelele elinye. Umthunzi wokuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka noma obomvu esifundeni ngasinye ubonisa amandla evoti lilonke kuleso simo.
Enye into enhle ongayisebenzisela imephu yokushisa ukwenza imephu ukuthi izivakashi zesayithi lakho zichofoza ini. Lapho ingxenye ethile ichofozwa kakhulu umbala uzophenduka 'ushise kakhulu', usuka koluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka uye kophuzi ngokugqamile uye kobomvu.
#10 - Isakhiwo se-scatter
Uma wethula idatha yakho ngamachashazi esikhundleni samabha ama-chunky, uzoba nesakhiwo sokuhlakaza.
Isakhiwo se-scatter igridi enokufakwayo okuningana okubonisa ubudlelwano phakathi kokuhluka okubili. Kuhle ekuqoqeni idatha ebonakala ingahleliwe futhi iveze amathrendi athile.
Isibonelo, kule grafu, ichashazi ngalinye libonisa izinga lokushisa lansuku zonke elimaphakathi uma liqhathaniswa nenani lezivakashi zasolwandle ezinsukwini ezimbalwa. Ungabona ukuthi amachashazi aya phezulu njengoba izinga lokushisa likhuphuka, ngakho-ke kungenzeka ukuthi isimo sezulu esishisayo siholela ezivakashini eziningi.
5 Amaphutha Okwethulwa Kwedatha okufanele Agwenywe
#1 - Cabanga ukuthi izethameli zakho ziyaqonda ukuthi izinombolo zimele ini
Ungase wazi zonke izigcawu zedatha yakho njengoba usebenze nabo amasonto, kodwa izethameli zakho azikwazi.
Ukubonisa ngaphandle kokusho kumema kuphela imibuzo eminingi nangaphezulu ezithamelini zakho, njengoba kufanele zenze umqondo wedatha yakho, zimoshe isikhathi sezinhlangothi zombili njengomphumela walokho.
Ngenkathi ubonisa izethulo zedatha yakho, kufanele ubatshele ukuthi idatha imayelana nani ngaphambi kokuwashaya ngamaza ezinombolo kuqala. Ungasebenzisa imisebenzi interactive njenge poll, amafu wamagama, Imibuzo eku-inthanethi futhi Izigaba ze-Q&A, kuhlanganiswe imidlalo yeqhwa, ukuhlola ukuqonda kwabo idatha kanye nokubhekana nanoma yikuphi ukudideka kusengaphambili.
#2 - Sebenzisa uhlobo olungalungile lweshadi
Amashadi afana namashadi ophaya kumele abe nesamba esingu-100% ngakho-ke uma izinombolo zakho ziqongelela ku-193% njengalesi sibonelo esingezansi, nakanjani wenza kabi.
Ngaphambi kokwenza ishadi, zibuze: yini engifuna ukuyifeza ngedatha yami? Ingabe uyafuna ukubona ubudlelwano phakathi kwamasethi edatha, ubonise amathrendi akhuphukayo naphansi edatha yakho, noma ubone ukuthi amasegimenti ento eyodwa akha kanjani yonke?
Khumbula, ukucaca njalo kuza kuqala. Okunye ukubonwa kwedatha kungase kubukeke kukuhle, kodwa uma kungahambisani nedatha yakho, kugweme.
#3 - Kwenze kube yi-3D
I-3D iyisibonelo sesethulo esinesithombe esithakazelisayo. Ubukhulu besithathu bupholile, kodwa bugcwele izingozi.
Uyabona ukuthi yini engemuva kwalezo zinsimbi ezibomvu? Ngoba nathi ngeke sikwazi. Ungase ucabange ukuthi amashadi e-3D engeza ukujula okwengeziwe ekwakhiweni, kodwa angakha imibono engamanga njengoba amehlo ethu ebona izinto ze-3D ziseduze futhi zizinkulu kunalokho ezibonakala ngakho, ingasaphathwa eyokuthi azikwazi ukubonakala kuma-engeli amaningi.
#4 - Sebenzisa izinhlobo ezahlukene zamashadi ukuze uqhathanise okuqukethwe esigabeni esifanayo
Lokhu kufana nokuqhathanisa inhlanzi nenkawu. Izithameli zakho ngeke zikwazi ukubona umehluko futhi zenze ukuhlobana okufanele phakathi kwamasethi amabili wedatha.
Ngokuzayo, namathela ohlotsheni olulodwa lokwethulwa kwedatha kuphela. Gwema isilingo sokuzama izindlela ezahlukahlukene zokubuka idatha ngesikhathi esisodwa futhi wenze idatha yakho ifinyeleleke ngangokunokwenzeka.
#5 - Bombela izethameli ngolwazi oluningi kakhulu
Umgomo wokwethulwa kwedatha ukwenza izihloko eziyinkimbinkimbi ziqondeke kalula, futhi uma uletha ulwazi oluningi etafuleni, ulahlekelwa iphuzu.
Ulwazi oluthe xaxa olunikezayo, kuzothatha isikhathi esiningi ukuthi izethameli zakho zilucubungule lonke. Uma ufuna ukwenza idatha yakho iqondakale futhi nikeza izethameli zakho ithuba lokuyikhumbula, gcina ulwazi olungaphakathi kuyo lube buncane kakhulu. Kufanele uqede iseshini yakho nge imibuzo evulekile ukuze ubone ukuthi ababambiqhaza bakho bacabangani ngempela.
Yiziphi Izindlela Ezingcono Kakhulu Zokwethulwa Kwedatha?
Okokugcina, iyiphi indlela engcono kakhulu yokwethula idatha?
Impendulo ithi…
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Akukho! Uhlobo ngalunye lwesethulo lunamandla nobuthakathaka balo futhi olukhethayo luncike kakhulu kulokho ozama ukukwenza.
Ngokwesibonelo:
- Iya ku- itulo lokuhlakaza uma uhlola ubudlelwano phakathi kwamanani edatha ahlukene, njengokubona ukuthi ukuthengiswa kuka-ayisikhilimu kuyenyuka ngenxa yezinga lokushisa noma ngenxa yokuthi abantu bavele balambe kakhulu futhi bahaha usuku ngalunye?
- Iya ku- igrafu yomugqa uma ufuna ukumaka ithrendi ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.
- Iya ku- imephu yokushisa uma uthanda ukubona ngeso lengqondo izinguquko endaweni, noma ukubona ukuziphatha kwezivakashi zakho kuwebhusayithi yakho.
- Iya ku- ishadi likaphayi (ikakhulukazi ku-3D) uma ufuna ukuvinjwa abanye ngoba akukaze kube umqondo omuhle👇
imibuzo ejwayelekile ukubuzwa
Iyini isethulo seshadi?
Ukwethulwa kweshadi kuyindlela yokwethula idatha noma ulwazi kusetshenziswa izinsiza ezibukwayo ezifana namashadi, amagrafu, nemidwebo. Injongo yokwethulwa kweshadi ukwenza ulwazi oluyinkimbinkimbi lufinyeleleke kakhudlwana futhi luqondeke ezithamelini.
Ngingawasebenzisa nini amashadi ngesethulo?
Amashadi angasetshenziswa ukuqhathanisa idatha, ukubonisa amathrendi ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, ukugqamisa amaphethini, nokwenza lula ulwazi oluyinkimbinkimbi.
Kungani kufanele usebenzise amashadi ukuze wenze isethulo?
Kufanele usebenzise amashadi ukuze uqiniseke ukuthi okuqukethwe kwakho kanye nezithombe ezibukwayo zibukeka zihlanzekile, njengoba zingamele obonwayo, zinikeza ukucaca, ubulula, ukuqhathanisa, ukuqhathanisa kanye nokonga isikhathi kakhulu!
Yiziphi izindlela ezi-4 zegraphical zokwethula idatha?
I-Histogram, igrafu yefrikhwensi ebushelelezi, idayagramu kaphayi noma ishadi likaphayi, igrafu yefrikhwensi eqongelelayo noma e-ogive, kanye ne-Frequency Polygon.
