Ukwazi ukuthi uhlakaniphe kangakanani kuwumbuzo omuhle abantu abaningi abafisa ukwazi ngawo. Ukwazi ukuthi i-IQ yakho isezingeni elifanayo nemisindo ka-Einstein ekhangayo, akunjalo?
Akukhona nje ukuhlola uhlobo lwezobunhloli okokwanelisa ilukuluku lomuntu, kodwa futhi kusebenza njengethuluzi elihle lokwazi okwengeziwe ngawe kanye nezifiso zakho ezifanele zomsebenzi.
Kule bhulogi, sizokwethula ezinhlotsheni ezihlukene zokuhlola ubuhlakani nalapho ungazenza khona.
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Kuyini Ukuhlolwa Kohlobo Oluhlakaniphile?
Uhlobo lobuhlakani luyindlela yokuhlukanisa ubukhulu obuhlukahlukene noma izizinda zamakhono okuqonda nezinqubo zengqondo, njengamakhono olimi ngokumelene nendawo noma uketshezi uma uqhathaniswa nokucabanga okucwebezelayo. Asikho isivumelwano emhlabeni wonke ngemodeli eyodwa. Ezinye ezivamile zihlanganisa:
- Ithiyori kaGardner ye-Multiple Intelligences – Isazi sokusebenza kwengqondo Howard gardner okuhlongozwayo kunezinhlobo ezimbalwa ezizimele zobuhlakani ezihlanganisa izilimi, ilogical-mathematical, spatial, body-kinesthetic, musical, interpersonal, intrapersonal, and naturalist.
- I-Crystallized vs Fluid Intelligence - I-Crystallized intelligence isekelwe olwazini futhi ihlanganisa amakhono afana nokufunda, ukubhala, nokubeka imibono. I-Fluid intelligence isho ikhono lokucabanga nokuxazulula izinkinga kusetshenziswa izindlela ezintsha.
- I-Emotional Intelligence (EI) - I-EI isho ikhono lokubona, ukuqonda, nokuphatha imizwa nobudlelwano. Kubandakanya amakhono anjengozwela, ukuzazi, ugqozi, namakhono okuxhumana nabantu.
- I-Narrow vs Intelligences Ebanzi - Ubuhlakani obuncane bubhekisela kumakhono athile okuqonda njengamakhono omlomo noma wendawo. Ubuhlakani obubanzi buhlanganisa ubuhlakani obuncane obuningi futhi ngokuvamile bulinganiswa ngokuhlolwa okujwayelekile kwe-IQ.
- I-Analytical vs Creative Intelligence - Ubuhlakani bokuhlaziya bubandakanya ukucabanga okunengqondo, ukuhlonza amaphethini, nokuxazulula izinkinga ezichazwe kahle. I-Creative intelligence isho ukuqhamuka nenoveli, imibono eguquguqukayo nezisombululo.
Wonke umuntu unengxube eyingqayizivele yalezi zinhlobo zobuhlakani, ezinamandla athile nobuthakathaka. Ukuhlolwa kukala lezi zindawo ukubona ukuthi sihlakaniphe kanjani ngezindlela ezihlukile.
Izinhlobo eziyi-8 Zokuhlolwa Kobuhlakani (Mahhala)
U-Gardner waphikisa ukuthi ukuhlola kwe-IQ okungokwesiko kukala kuphela amakhono olimi nanengqondo, kodwa hhayi uhla olugcwele lobuhlakani.
Ithiyori yakhe yasiza ukushintsha imibono yobuhlakani isuke ekubukeni okujwayelekile kwe-IQ iye encazelweni ebanzi, engaqinile eqaphela ubukhulu obuningi.
Ngokusho kwakhe, kunezinhlobo okungenani ze-8 zobuhlakani, kufaka phakathi:
#1. I-Verbal/Linguistic Intelligence
Ubuhlakani bolimi busho ikhono lomuntu lokusebenzisa ulimi ngempumelelo, ngezindlela ezibhaliwe nezikhulunywayo.
Labo abanobuhlakani obuqinile bolimi ngokuvamile banamakhono athuthuke kakhulu okufunda, ukubhala, ukukhuluma nokuxoxa izindaba.
Bavame ukucabanga ngamagama futhi bangakwazi ukuveza imibono eyinkimbinkimbi nengaqondakali kahle ngenkulumo nokubhala.
Imisebenzi efanela ubuhlakani bolimi ihlanganisa ababhali, izimbongi, izintatheli, abameli, izikhulumi, osopolitiki nothisha.
#2. I-Logical/Mathematical Intelligence
Ukuhlakanipha okunengqondo/kwezibalo yikhono lokusebenzisa ingqondo, izinombolo, nezifinyezo ukuze kuxazululwe izinkinga nokuhlonza amaphethini.
Kubandakanya amakhono aphezulu okucabanga kanye namandla okucabanga okunciphisayo nokufaka i-inductive.
Izibalo, i-logic puzzle, amakhodi, ukucabanga kwesayensi kanye nokuhlola kufika ngokwemvelo kubo.
Imisebenzi edinga futhi idlale kulobu buhlakani ihlanganisa ososayensi, izazi zezibalo, onjiniyela, abahleli bezinhlelo zamakhompiyutha, kanye nezibalo.
#3. I-Visual/Spatial Intelligence
Ubuhlakani obubonakalayo/bendawo busho ikhono lokubona izinto ngeso lengqondo futhi ucabange ukuthi izinto zihlangana kanjani endaweni.
Kubandakanya ukuzwela kombala, umugqa, ukuma, isimo, indawo kanye nobudlelwano phakathi kwezakhi.
Bangakwazi ukubona ngeso lengqondo ngokunembile nangengqondo izethulo ze-2D/3D.
Imisebenzi efanele lobu buhlakani ezokwakha, idizayini yangaphakathi, ubunjiniyela, ucwaningo lwesayensi, ubuciko, nokuzulazula.
#4. Musical Intelligence
Ubuhlakani bomculo bubhekisela emandleni okubona nokuqamba izingoma zomculo, amathoni, nezigqi.
Kubandakanya ukuzwela kwephimbo, isigqi, i-timbre kanye nemizwelo emculweni.
Banomuzwa omuhle womculo, isigqi nokuvumelana ngisho nangaphandle kokuqeqeshwa okusemthethweni.
Imisebenzi efanele lobu buhlakani ihlanganisa abaculi, abaculi, abaqhubi, abadidiyeli bomculo, no-DJ.
#5. I-Bodily/Kinesthetic Intelligence
Abantu abanalolu hlobo lobuhlakani bahle ekusebenziseni imizimba yabo, ibhalansi, amakhono emoto asezingeni eliphezulu, nokusebenzisana kwezandla neso.
Kubandakanya amakhono afana nokuqina komzimba, ibhalansi, ukuguquguquka, ingqondo esheshayo kanye namandla okunyakaza komzimba.
Labo abanalobu buhlakani bafunda kangcono ngolwazi oluphathekayo kanye nemisebenzi eyenziwa ngezandla.
Imisebenzi efanele lobu buhlakani abasubathi, abadansi, abalingisi, odokotela abahlinzayo, onjiniyela, izingcweti.
#6. Interpersonal Intelligence
Ubuhlakani bokusebenzelana nabanye bubhekisela emandleni okuqonda nokusebenzisana ngempumelelo nabanye.
Abantu abanobuhlakani bokusebenzelana nabanye bayazwelana nesimo sobuso, amazwi kanye nokuthinta komzimba wabanye kuhlanganiswe nekhono lokuveza uzwela.
Imisebenzi elungele ubuhlakani phakathi kwabantu ihlanganisa ukufundisa, ukweluleka, izinsiza zabantu, ukuthengisa, kanye nezindima zobuholi.
#7. I-Intrapersonal Intelligence
Uma unekhono elikhulu lokuziqonda wena nemicabango yakho, imizwa kanye namaphethini okuziphatha, unobuhlakani obuphezulu bomuntu siqu.
Labo abanamakhono athuthukile okuxhumana nabantu bayawazi amandla abo, ubuthakathaka babo, izinkolelo kanye nezinto eziza kuqala.
Banokuqonda mayelana nezimo zabo zangaphakathi, imizwa kanye nendlela abangaba nomthelela ngayo ekuziphatheni.
Imisebenzi efanele ihlanganisa ukwelapha, ukuqeqesha, abefundisi, ukubhala kanye nezinye izindlela eziqondiswe wena mathupha.
#8. I-Naturalist Intelligence
Abantu abanalolu hlobo lobuhlakani bangakwazi ukubona futhi bahlukanise izinto zemvelo njengezitshalo, izilwane kanye namaphethini wesimo sezulu.
Lokhu kuhlanganisa ukuqaphela umehluko ezinhlotsheni zezitshalo nezilwane, isimo sezwe, nezinguquko zesizini noma zesimo sezulu.
Nakuba kuvamile kubantu abachitha isikhathi bengaphandle, amakhono esazi semvelo angasebenza nasekuhlukaniseni izingxenye zomkhumbi-mkhathi, imithambo noma izehlakalo zezulu.
Okunye Ukuhlolwa Kohlobo Lwezobunhloli
Uyazibuza ukuthi hlobo luni lokuhlola oluwusizo ukuhlola amandla akho obuchopho? Ezinye izivivinyo ezijwayelekile zobuhlakani ngaphandle kwe-Gardner zihlanganisa:
• Izivivinyo ze-IQ (isb. i-WAIS, i-Stanford-Binet) – Ikala amakhono okuqonda abanzi futhi inikeze isikolo se-intelligence quotient (IQ). Ihlola amakhono okukhuluma ngomlomo, angakhulumi, nangabonakali.
• I-EQ-i 2.0 - I-Measure of Emotional Intelligence (EI) ehlola amakhono ekuziboneni wena, ukuziveza, amakhono okusebenzelana nabanye, ukwenza izinqumo nokulawula ingcindezi.
• I-Raven's Advanced Progressive Matrices - Ukuhlolwa kokucabanga okungakhulumi okudinga ukuhlonza amaphethini nokuqedwa kochungechunge. Ikala ubuhlakani boketshezi.
• Ukuhlolwa Kwe-Torrance Kokucabanga Okuhlakaniphile - Ihlola amakhono afana nokuqephuza, ukuguquguquka, ubuqiniso, kanye nokucacisa ekuxazululeni izinkinga. Isetshenziselwa ukukhomba amandla okudala.
• Ukuhlolwa Kobuhlakani Okufushane kwe-Kaufman, Uhlelo Lwesibili (KBIT-2) – Ukuhlolwa okufushane kobuhlakani ngezikolo eziyinhlanganisela zamazwi, ezingasho lutho kanye ne-IQ.
• I-Wechsler Individual Achievement Test (WIAT) - Ihlola imikhakha yempumelelo njengokufunda, izibalo, ukubhala kanye namakhono olimi lomlomo.
• Ukuhlolwa kwe-Woodcock-Johnson IV Yamakhono Okuqonda - Ibhethri eliphelele lihlola amakhono okuqonda abanzi noma amancane ngokuhlolwa kwamazwi, okungakhulumi kanye nenkumbulo.
Izitoreji Eziyinhloko
Ukuhlolwa kohlobo lobuhlakani kuhle ukukhomba amandla ezindaweni ezithile njengezibalo noma ukukhuluma ngenkathi ukuhlolwa kwe-IQ kulinganisela amakhono ajwayelekile okuqonda. I-Smart iza ngama-flavour amaningi futhi izivivinyo ziyashintsha njengoba ukhula. Qhubeka uziphonsela inselelo futhi amakhono akho azokumangaza ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.
Ingabe usesemoyeni wokuhlola okuthile okujabulisayo? I-AhaSlides Public Template Library, elayishwe imibuzo nemidlalo esebenzisanayo, ihlale ikulungele ukukwamukela.
imibuzo ejwayelekile ukubuzwa
Yiziphi izinhlobo eziyisi-9 zobuhlakani?
Izinhlobo zokuqala eziyi-8 zachazwa u-Howard Gardner futhi zihlanganisa ubuhlakani bolimi obuhlobene namakhono olimi, ubuhlakani bezibalo obunengqondo obuhlanganisa amakhono okucabanga nokucabanga, ubuhlakani bendawo obuphathelene nokubona kwendawo, ubuhlakani bomzimba-we-kinesthetic obuhlotshaniswa nokuxhumana ngokomzimba, ubuhlakani bomculo obuphathelene isigqi nephimbo, ubuhlakani bokusebenzelana nabanye abantu mayelana nokuqwashisa umphakathi, ubuhlakani obungaphakathi komuntu mayelana nokuzazi, kanye nobuhlakani besazi semvelo esihlobene nendawo yemvelo. Amanye amamodeli andisa emsebenzini ka-Gardner ngokufaka ubuhlakani obukhona njengesizinda sesi-9.
Iyiphi i-MBTI ehlakaniphe kakhulu?
Alukho uhlobo “ohlakaniphe kakhulu” lwe-Myers-Briggs (MBTI), njengoba ubuhlakani buyinkimbinkimbi futhi buyi-multidimensional. Kodwa-ke, noma yiluphi uhlobo lungafinyelela amandla obuhlakani abalulekile kuye ngokuhlangenwe nakho kwempilo kanye nokuthuthukiswa kokuthambekela kwabo kwemvelo. I-IQ ayinqunywa ngokugcwele ubuntu kuphela.
